Migrain Hormn

BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
Migraine is a common disorder in women, more common than diabetes mellitus,
osteoarthritis, or asthma. Most of the 28 million Americans who have migraine are
female, with a 1-year migraine prevalence of 18% in females compared with 6% in males
older than 12 years. In the United States alone, an estimated 112 million bedridden days
per year are attributed to this disorder. Annual direct and indirect costs of migraine are
estimated at $13 billion. An estimated 15% to 18% of the U.S. female population has
either diagnosed or undiagnosed migraine, with the highest prevalence occurring in
women aged 25 to 55 years . Several observations support a relationship between female
sex hormones and migraines. The prevalence of migraine in women is roughly two to
threetimes higher than that in men. (3116)
BAB II
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
A. Migran
MIGRAINE is a common, chronic, incapacitating neurovascular disorder,
characterized by attacks of severe headache, autonomic nervous system dysfunction,
and in some patients, an aura involving neurologic symptoms.(257) Migraine is a
common neurologic disorder characterized by episodic attacks of moderate to severe
throbbing headache, which may be disabling and accompanied by nausea, vomiting,
photophobia, and/or phonophobia. (3116) Some people who get migraines have warning
1
symptoms, called an aura, before the actual headache begins. Most people, however, do
not have such warning symptoms.
B. Klasifikasi
International Headache Society classification of migraine without aura and
migraine with aura (s11)
A. Migraine without aura
Recurrent headache disorder manifesting in attacks lasting 4–72 hours. Typical
characteristics of the headache are unilateral location, pulsating quality, moderate or
severe intensity, aggravation by routine physical activity and association with nausea
and/or photophobia and phonophobia.
Diagnostic criteria:
a. At least five attacks1 fulfilling criteria B–D
b. Headache attacks lasting 4–72 hours (untreated or unsuccessfully treated)
c. Headache has at least two of the following characteristics:
1. Unilateral location
2. Pulsating quality
3. Moderate or severe pain intensity
4. Aggravation by or causing avoidance of routine physical activity (e.g. walking
or climbing stairs)
d. During headache at least one of the following:
1. Nausea and/or vomiting
2. Photophobia and phonophobia
e. Not attributed to another disorder in the Appendix because of uncertainty over
2
whether they should be regarded as separate entities
B. Typical aura with migraine headache
Typical aura consisting of visual and/or sensory and/or speech symptoms.
Gradual development, duration no longer than 1 hour, a mix of positive and negative
features and complete reversibility characterise the aura, which is associated with a
headache fulfilling criteria for ‘1.1 Migraine without aura’.
Diagnostic criteria:
a. At least two attacks fulfilling criteria B–D
b. Aura consisting of at least one of the following, but no motor weakness:
1. Fully reversible visual symptoms including positive features (e.g.
flickering lights, spots or lines) and/or negative features (i.e. loss of vision)
2. Fully reversible sensory symptoms including positive features (i.e. pins and
needles) and/or negative features (i.e. numbness)
3. Fully reversible dysphasic speech disturbance
c. At least two of the following:
1. Homonymous visual symptoms1 and/or unilateral sensory symptoms
2. At least one aura symptom develops gradually over ≥5 minutes and/or
different aura symptoms occur in succession over ≥5 minutes
3. Each symptom lasts ≥5 and <60 minutes
d. Headache fulfilling criteria B–D for ‘1.1 Migraine without aura’ begins during the
aura or follows aura within 60 minutes
e. Not attributed to another disorder
3
C. Tanda dan Gejala
Migraine is characterized by episodes of head pain that is often throbbing and
frequently unilateral and may be severe. In migraine without aura (previously known as
common migraine), attacks are usually associated with nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to
light, sound, or movement.5 When untreated, these attacks typically last 4 to 72
hours.6 A combination of features is required for the diagnosis, but not all features are
present in every attack or in every patient (Table 1).
These symptoms distinguish migraine from tension-type headache, the most common
form of primary headache, which is characterized by the lack of associated features. Any
severe and recurrent headache is most likely to be a form of migraine and to be
responsive to antimigraine therapy. In 15 percent of patients, migraine attacks are
usually preceded or accompanied by transient focal neurologic symptoms, which are
usually visual; such patients have migraine with aura (previously known as classic
migraine).
4
In a recent large, population-based study, 64 percent of patients with migraine had only
migraine without aura, 18 percent had only migraine with aura, and 13 percent had
both types of migraine (the remaining 5 percent had aura without headache). Thus, up
to 31 percent of patients with migraine have aura on some occasions,10 but clinicians
who rely on the presence of aura for the diagnosis of migraine will miss many cases. We
find it useful to assess the severity and effects of migraine by asking about time lost
because of migraine at work or school, in performing household work or chores, or in
family, social, and leisure activities. One can ask patients directly about temporary
disability, have them keep a diary, or get a quick but accurate estimate with the use of the
Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) (Table 2), a wellvalidated five-item
questionnaire that is easy to use in practice.
D. Patofisiologi
E. Terapi
5
F. Pencegahan
BAB III
PENUTUP
DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Migrain Hormn

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Migrain Hormn

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Migrain Hormn

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BAB I

Migraine is a common disorder in women, more common than diabetes mellitus,

either diagnosed or undiagnosed migraine, with the highest prevalence occurring in

women aged 25 to 55 years . Several observations support a relationship between female

threetimes higher than that in men. (3116)

MIGRAINE is a common, chronic, incapacitating neurovascular disorder,

characterized by attacks of severe headache, autonomic nervous system dysfunction,

and in some patients, an aura involving neurologic symptoms.(257) Migraine is a

common neurologic disorder characterized by episodic attacks of moderate to severe

throbbing headache, which may be disabling and accompanied by nausea, vomiting,

not have such warning symptoms.

International Headache Society classification of migraine without aura and

migraine with aura (s11)

A. Migraine without aura

Recurrent headache disorder manifesting in attacks lasting 4–72 hours. Typical

characteristics of the headache are unilateral location, pulsating quality, moderate or

and/or photophobia and phonophobia.

a. At least five attacks1 fulfilling criteria B–D

b. Headache attacks lasting 4–72 hours (untreated or unsuccessfully treated)

c. Headache has at least two of the following characteristics:

3. Moderate or severe pain intensity

4. Aggravation by or causing avoidance of routine physical activity (e.g. walking

d. During headache at least one of the following:

1. Nausea and/or vomiting

2. Photophobia and phonophobia

e. Not attributed to another disorder in the Appendix because of uncertainty over

B. Typical aura with migraine headache

Typical aura consisting of visual and/or sensory and/or speech symptoms.

headache fulfilling criteria for ‘1.1 Migraine without aura’.

a. At least two attacks fulfilling criteria B–D

b. Aura consisting of at least one of the following, but no motor weakness:

1. Fully reversible visual symptoms including positive features (e.g.

needles) and/or negative features (i.e. numbness)

3. Fully reversible dysphasic speech disturbance

c. At least two of the following:

1. Homonymous visual symptoms1 and/or unilateral sensory symptoms

2. At least one aura symptom develops gradually over ≥5 minutes and/or

different aura symptoms occur in succession over ≥5 minutes

3. Each symptom lasts ≥5 and <60 minutes

aura or follows aura within 60 minutes

e. Not attributed to another disorder

Migraine is characterized by episodes of head pain that is often throbbing and

light, sound, or movement.5 When untreated, these attacks typically last 4 to 72

present in every attack or in every patient (Table 1).

severe and recurrent headache is most likely to be a form of migraine and to be

responsive to antimigraine therapy. In 15 percent of patients, migraine attacks are

usually preceded or accompanied by transient focal neurologic symptoms, which are

because of migraine at work or school, in performing household work or chores, or in

Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) (Table 2), a wellvalidated five-item

questionnaire that is easy to use in practice.

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.