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    Solutions: Problems

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    Ketan
    The document summarizes the derivation of an effective Hamiltonian used to describe the additional shift of the singlet level in a system of two spins. It introduces a projection operator that projects onto the singlet subspace. Applying this operator to the original Hamiltonian results in a new bilinear-biquadratic exchange Hamiltonian that includes both bilinear and biquadratic coupling terms between the two spins. An estimate is provided for the coefficient of the biquadratic term, showing it is dominated by the smallest denominator in its derivation and is expected to be negative.

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    Solutions: Problems

    Uploaded by

    Ketan
    28 views1 page
    The document summarizes the derivation of an effective Hamiltonian used to describe the additional shift of the singlet level in a system of two spins. It introduces a projection operator that projects onto the singlet subspace. Applying this operator to the original Hamiltonian results in a new bilinear-biquadratic exchange Hamiltonian that includes both bilinear and biquadratic coupling terms between the two spins. An estimate is provided for the coefficient of the biquadratic term, showing it is dominated by the smallest denominator in its derivation and is expected to be negative.

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    General Document 415

    Original Title

    00277___2f7fbf2cf95205f9b108b874a8fe62ad

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    The document summarizes the derivation of an effective Hamiltonian used to describe the additional shift of the singlet level in a system of two spins. It introduces a projection operator that projects onto the singlet subspace. Applying this operator to the original Hamiltonian results in a new bilinear-biquadratic exchange Hamiltonian that includes both bilinear and biquadratic coupling terms between the two spins. An estimate is provided for the coefficient of the biquadratic term, showing it is dominated by the smallest denominator in its derivation and is expected to be negative.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views1 page

    Solutions: Problems

    Uploaded by

    Ketan
    The document summarizes the derivation of an effective Hamiltonian used to describe the additional shift of the singlet level in a system of two spins. It introduces a projection operator that projects onto the singlet subspace. Applying this operator to the original Hamiltonian results in a new bilinear-biquadratic exchange Hamiltonian that includes both bilinear and biquadratic coupling terms between the two spins. An estimate is provided for the coefficient of the biquadratic term, showing it is dominated by the smallest denominator in its derivation and is expected to be negative.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    Solutions to the Problems 26 1

    from (5.132) that that gives the ratio 1:2 for consecutive energy splittings, and
    it is no longer the case. To describe the additional shift of the singlet level,
    we need a spin operator which acts only on the overall singlet. Such is the
    projection operator

    It is easy to check that &=o gives zero if applied on S = 1 or S = 2 st$tes,


    and it gives a factor 1 when applied to an S = 0 state. In other words, Ps,o
    projects onto the singlet subspace.
    The new effective Hamiltonian can be written as

    (5.140)

    It is useful to rewrite the projection operator in the form


    1
    PS,O = 5 [(Sl s2)2 - 11. (5.141)

    Replacing it in (5.140), we get the bilinear-biquadratic exchange Hamiltonian

    %,$ = Jia Sr . S2 + Q (Sl*S Z )+~ const. (5.142)

    where the biquadratic coupling is given by

    + Uab) + J - 2(U - u a b ) + J ) .
    2
    (5.143)
    2(U
    Q is dominated by the term with the smallest denominator 2(U - u a 6 ) + J.
    It is not unnatural to assume that U - Ua6 is rather smaller than U ,and it
    is perhaps of the same order as J. For a rough estimate, let us adopt our
    previous U - u a b = 3J/2. We find

    6t4 6t4
    Q---- (5.144)
    U3 U2J
    where the negative term dominates.
    Did we miss further, still more complicated coupling terms? In the present
    +
    case, no: It is easy to convince ourselves that J(S1 S 2 ) &(Sl S2)2 is the
    mogt general form of a spin-rotationally invariant two-spin coupling for S = 1

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