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Mango

Mango is the leading fruit crop in Andhra Pradesh, occupying over 2.76 lakh hectares and producing around 3.25 lakh tonnes annually. The major mango growing districts are Krishna, East Godavari, West Godavari, Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram, Srikakulam, Chittoor, Khammam, Karimnagar and Adilabad. Mango trees are typically propagated through vegetative methods like grafting and are planted during the monsoon season, with fertilizer and irrigation requirements varying based on tree age and conditions. Mangoes face a variety of pests and diseases that require protection measures like spraying and pruning to control

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86 views3 pages

Mango

Mango is the leading fruit crop in Andhra Pradesh, occupying over 2.76 lakh hectares and producing around 3.25 lakh tonnes annually. The major mango growing districts are Krishna, East Godavari, West Godavari, Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram, Srikakulam, Chittoor, Khammam, Karimnagar and Adilabad. Mango trees are typically propagated through vegetative methods like grafting and are planted during the monsoon season, with fertilizer and irrigation requirements varying based on tree age and conditions. Mangoes face a variety of pests and diseases that require protection measures like spraying and pruning to control

Uploaded by

abhilashifs
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MANGO

(MANGIFERA INDICA L)

Mango the "King of Fruits", is the leading fruit crop of Andhra Pradesh, occupying an
area of 2.76 lakhs hectares which accounts for 60% of the total area under fruits
with an annual production of about 3.25 lakh tonnes. The major mango growing
districts are Krishna, East Godavari, West Godavari, Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram,
Srikakulam, Chittoor, Khammam, Karimnagar and Adilabad.

CLIMATE

Mango is a tropical fruit, high humidity and cloudy weather at rhe time of flowering
are not favouable as they affect pollination and fruit set and encourage diseases.
Rain during flowering is detrimental to the crop.

VARIETIES

Table Varieties : Banganapally(Benishan) Totapari, Neelum, Dashehari, Langra,


Kesar.

Juicy Varieties : Peddarasam, Chinnarasam, Cheukurasam, Navaneetham,


Panakalu.

Pickle Varieties : Jalal, Amani, Rajapuri, Royal Special, Bobbili Punasa, Baramasi.

Hybrid : Recently some mango hybrids have been released for cultivation by
different research stations/Universities such as mallika, Amrapali, manjeera, Ratna,
Arka Aruna, Arka Puneet, Arka Anmol, Neeleshan, Neeluddin, Neelgoa, AU-Rumani
etc.

PROPAGATION

Vegetative propagation is preferred to get true to type plants. Veneer, Grafting,


Inarching and epicotyl grafting are the popular methods.

PLANTING

Planting is to be done during the beginning of monsoon (June-July). In heavy rainfall


areas planting can be done at the end of the rainy season. Planting distances can
be around 7-10m depending on the soil depth, fertility of soil and vigour of the
variety planted. Even 12m spacing can be adapted in very deep and fertile soils.
Prepare the land by deep ploughing followed by harrowing and levelling withy a
gentle slope for good drainage. New dwarf hybrids like Amrapali, Manjeera, Arka
Aruna can be planted at closer spacing. Dig pits of about 1m X 1m X 1m & fill with
the original soil mixed with 20 to 25 kg well rotten farm yard manure, 2.5 kg. Single
super phosphosphate and 1 kg. Mariate of potash. In areas with termite problem,
5% sevin can also be added. One year old healthy, straight growing grafts from
reliable sources can be planted at the centre of the pits alongwith the ball of earth
intact, during rainy season, in such a way that the roots are not exposed and the
graft union is above the ground level. Press the soil firmly around the plant and
provide support to young plants by proper staking to prevent wind damage. Remove
root stocks sprouts below the graft union as and when observed.

TRAINING AND PRUNING

Do not allow branching upto 1 meter on the main stem from the base of the plant.
Branching should be allowed thereafter spaced at 20 to 25 cm apart in such a way
that they grow in different directions. Branches which cross over and rub each other
should be removed.

MANURES AND FERTILIZERS

In general, 170 g Urea, 110 g single superphosphate and 115 g muriate of potash
per plant per year of age from first to tenth year and thereafter 1.7 Kg. 1.1 Kg. And
1.15 Kg respectively of these fertilizers per plant per year can be applied in two
equal splitdoses (June-July and October). Foliar spray at 2% Urea is recommended
before flowering in sandy areas.

IRRIGATION

For young plants, frequent watering is needed for proper establishment. In the case
of grown up trees, irrigation at 10 to 15 days interval from fruit set to maturity is
beneficial for improving yield. Irrigation is not advisable for 2 to 3 months prior to
flowering, As it is likely to promote vegetative growth at the expense of flowering.

INTERCULTURE

First inter cultivation is to be taken up just before the onset of monsoons.

INTERCROPPING

Intercropping can be taken up when the mango trees attain suitable height and
develop canopy(5-6 years) Intercrops such as vegetables, legumes, short duration
and dwarf fruit crops like Papaya, depending on the agro-climatic factors of the
region, can be taken.

PLANT PROTECTION

Mango is prone to damages by a large number of pests, diseases and disorders.


The recommended control measures for most important and common among them
are briefed below.

MANGO HOPPERS

Two sprays (at panicle emergence and at pea size of fruits) with carbaryl (0.15%)
monocrotophos (0.04%) or phosphamidon (0.05%).

Mealy Bugs

As prophylactic measures plough inter-spaces in November and dust 2%


methylparathin @200 g/tree near the trunk and fixing 20 cm wide 400 gauge
polythene strips around the trunk with grease applied on the lower edge (in January)
Two sprays with monocrotophos (0.04%)at 15 days intervel is necessary, if
presence of mealy bugs are noticed.

POWDERY MILDEW

Two or three sprays of wettable sulphur (0.2%) or Kerathane (0.1%) or Bavistin


(0.1%) or Calixin (0.1%) at 10 to 15 days interval.

ANTHRACNOSE

Two sprays of Bavistin (0.1%) at Fortnightly intervel.

MALFORMATION

One spray of 200ppm NAA in October followed by deblossoming at bud stage in


December - January.

Fruit Drop :

(1) Regular Irrigation during fruit development


(2) Timely and effective control of pests and diseases
(3) Spraying 20 ppm NAA at pea size of fruits.

HARVESTING

Harvest the fruits when they attain the maturity. Harvest during early hours of the
day or late hours of evening using harvesters

After Care :

After harvest keep the orchard clean and irrigate it capiously. Prune the branches
touching the ground, dried twigs, criss-cross branches and open the centre. If a
regular crop is to be taken up apply paclobutrazal (cultar) before the end of
September.

Dose & Method of Application : Soil drenching at 2 ft. away from the trunk by
making holes and pouring. The cultar solution @ 5-6 litres/tree (2.5 gm of
paclabutrazol or 10ml of cultar/tree).

Yield : Grafted plants start bearing at the age of 3-4 years (10-20 fruits) but those
fruits should be removed upto 5 years to encourage vegetative growth. Optimum
yield is obtained from 10th to 15th year which continues to increase upto the age of
40 years under good management condition and thereafter it starts declining.

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