Answer Key

Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 1 0 2 0 5 4 0 8 9 9 *

PHYSICS 0625/31
Paper 3 Extended October/November 2015
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Take the weight of 1 kg to be 10 N (i.e. acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 16 printed pages.

DC (CW/SW) 96031/2
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1 Fig. 1.1 shows a rocket-powered sled travelling along a straight track. The sled is used to test
components before they are sent into space.

sled
track

Fig. 1.1

Fig. 1.2 is the speed-time graph for the sled from time t = 0 s.

1000

800
speed
m/s 600

400 P

200

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
time / s

Fig. 1.2

(a) On Fig. 1.2, mark a point labelled P to indicate a time when the acceleration of the sled is not
constant. [1]

(b) (i) Calculate the acceleration of the sled at t = 1.0 s.

a=(v – u) / t
a = (120 -0)/1
a=120 m/s2

acceleration = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) Determine the distance travelled by the sled between t = 1.0 s and t = 2.0 s.

Distance = area under the graph Distance = trapezium area

d=[(120 × 1.0) + (0.5 × 120 ×1.0)] OR d=0.5 (120 + 240) × 1.0
d =180 m d = 180 m

distance = ...........................................................[2]

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(c) The resultant force acting on the sled remains constant during the test.

Suggest why the acceleration of the sled is not constant.

As the fuel used up, the total mass of the sled decreases and
acceleration increases.
[Total: 6]

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2 (a) (i) Mass is a scalar quantity.

State another scalar quantity.

time
...........................................................................................................................................

(ii) Force is a vector quantity.

State another vector quantity.

velocity
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) A boat is floating on still water.

The mass of the boat is 290 000 kg. A resultant force of 50 kN acts on the boat.

Calculate the acceleration of the boat.

(a =) F / m
a= 50 000 / 290 000 = 50 / 290
a = 0.17 m/s2

acceleration = ...........................................................[3]

(c) Fig. 2.1, not to scale, shows the view from above of the boat, now on a fast-flowing river. The
boat accelerates.

Two forces are shown acting on the boat. The resultant of these forces is at right angles to the
river banks.

river bank

direction of
force from
engine
direction of
river current
direction of boat
force on boat
from river
current

river bank

Fig. 2.1 (not to scale)

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Fig. 2.2 is an incomplete vector diagram of the forces acting on the boat.

resultant force
10 cm

70
force from river current

Fig. 2.2
80,000/3.3cm
The force from the river current is 80 kN.

(i) Determine the scale that has been used in the vector diagram.

1 cm: 20 000 N / 20 kN
scale is ...............................................................

(ii) On Fig. 2.2, complete the vector diagram to determine the magnitude and direction of the
force from the engine. Measure the angle between the direction of the current and the
force from the engine.
10 x 20,000 = 200,000 N
magnitude of force from engine = ...............................................................

110
angle = ...............................................................
180 - 70 =110 [4]

[Total: 9]

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3 Fig. 3.1 shows a skier taking part in a downhill race.

Fig. 3.1

(a) The mass of the skier, including his equipment, is 75 kg. In the ski race, the total vertical
change in height is 880 m.

Calculate the decrease in the gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) of the skier.

g.p.e.= mgh =75 × 10 × 880

= 660000J

decrease in g.p.e. = ...........................................................[2]

(b) The skier starts from rest. The total distance travelled by the skier during the descent is
2800 m. The average resistive force on the skier is 220 N.

Calculate

(i) the work done against the resistive force,

work = F × d = 220 × 2800

= 616000J

work done = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) the kinetic energy of the skier as he crosses the finishing line at the end of the race.

k.e.= 660000J - 616000J = 44000 J

kinetic energy = ...........................................................[2]

(c) Suggest why the skier bends his body as shown in Fig. 3.1.

To reduce air resistance [1]

to lower centre of mass OR increase stability / balance [Total: 7]
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4 (a) An object of mass m and specific heat capacity c is supplied with a quantity of thermal
energy Q. The temperature of the object increases by Δθ.

Write down an expression for c in terms of Q, m and Δθ.

c = Q / (mΔθ)

c = ............................................................[1]

(b) Fig. 4.1 shows the heating system of a hot water shower.

power supply

cold water in hot water out

heating element

Fig. 4.1

Cold water at 15 °C flows in at the rate of 0.0036 m3 / minute. Hot water flows out at the same
rate.

(i) Calculate the mass of water that passes the heating element in one minute. The density
of water is 1000 kg / m3.

d=m/V
m = Vd = 0.0036 × 1000
m=3.6 kg
mass = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) The power of the heating element is 8.5 kW.

Calculate the temperature of the hot water that flows out. The specific heat capacity of
water is 4200 J /(kg °C).

Q =mcΔθ
Δθ = Q / mc
Δθ =Pt / mc
θ2 - θ1 = (8500 × 60)/ (3.6 × 4200)
θ2 = 34 +15 =49 oC
temperature =
49 oC [4]
[Total: 7]

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5 (a) Smoke particles are introduced into a glass box containing air. Light shines into the box so
that, when observed through a microscope, the smoke particles can be seen as bright points
of light.

Describe the motion of the smoke particles and account for this motion in terms of the air
molecules.

The air molecules move very fast in the glass box randomly. They
collide with smoke particles and cause resultant force.

The motion of smoke particles is also random, they change their

directions suddenly.
[4]

(b) Fig. 5.1 shows a quantity of gas in a cylinder sealed by a piston that is free to move.

gas

cylinder piston

Fig. 5.1

(i) The temperature of the gas is increased.

State what happens, if anything,

1. to the piston,
It moves to the right

2. to the pressure of the gas.

the pressure of the gas remains constant
[2]

(ii) The piston is now fixed in place and the temperature of the gas is increased further.

Explain, in terms of the behaviour of molecules, what happens to the pressure of the gas.

As the temperature of the gas molecules increases, they collide

more frequent with the walls of the container with greater force.
So the pressure of the gas increases. [2]

[Total: 8]
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6 A sound wave, travelling in air, approaches a solid barrier with a gap in the middle. Fig. 6.1
represents the compressions and rarefactions of the sound wave. The compressions are labelled
A, B and C.

barrier
A B C

compression

rarefaction

Fig. 6.1

(a) State how a compression differs from a rarefaction.

in compressions, the air particles of are close together and tightly

packed
...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The speed of sound in air is 340 m / s. The frequency of the sound is 850 Hz.

For this wave, determine

(i) the wavelength,

wavelength = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) the time that elapses before compression A reaches the barrier.

distance of A till = 2.5 × 0.40 OR 1.0 m C1

time (to reach barrier) = 1 / 340 = 2.9 × 10–3
s OR 2.9 ms
time = ...........................................................[2]

(c) On Fig. 6.1, draw the shape and positions of compressions B and C as compression A
reaches the barrier. [2]

(d) Sound waves can also travel in water.

State how the speed of sound in water compares with the speed of sound in air.

speed of sound in water greater

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]
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7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a convex lens being used to produce an image of an object.

principal
focus
image object

Fig. 7.1

(i) Place three ticks in the table that describe this image.

can only be formed on a screen

diminished
enlarged
inverted
real
same size
upright
virtual
[3]

(ii) On Fig. 7.1, mark a letter E to indicate a possible position for an eye to be placed to
observe this image. [1]

(iii) State an application in which a convex lens is used in this way.

magnifying glass OR
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
eyepiece of telescope

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(b) In the space below, draw a ray diagram to locate the image of an object of height 1.0 cm
placed 5.0 cm from a convex lens of focal length 2.0 cm. Draw your diagram full size. You are
advised to locate the lens roughly in the centre of the space. Label the image.

1 cm

5 cm

[3]

[Total: 8]

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8 A digital watch is powered by a 1.3 V cell. The cell supplies a current of 4.1 × 10–5 A (0.000041 A)
for 1.6 × 107 s.

Calculate

(a) the charge that passes through the cell in this time,

Q = It
Q= 4.1 x10–5 × 1.6 × 107
= 656 C charge = ...........................................................[2]

(b) the resistance of the electrical circuit in the watch,

R=V/I
R = 1.3 / 4.1 × 10–5
= 31707 Ω
resistance = ...........................................................[2]

(c) the output power of the cell.

P = IV = 4.1 × 10–5 × 1.3

P =5.4 × 10–5W
power = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 6]

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9 Fig. 9.1 shows two separate coils of wire wound around an iron core.

primary secondary
coil coil

iron core

Fig. 9.1

An a.c. supply is connected across the primary coil and a 12 V lamp is connected across the
secondary coil. The lamp glows with normal brightness.

(a) State the name of the device shown in Fig. 9.1.

step-down transformer
...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Explain why there is a current in the lamp.

Alternating current causes magnetic field in iron core. It

causes changing magnetic field

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

(c) (i) The coil connected to the lamp has 450 turns. The e.m.f. of the a.c. supply is 240 V.

Calculate the number of turns on the coil connected to the a.c. supply.

V1 / V2 = N1 / N2
N1 = (N2 × V1) / V2 = (450 × 240) / 12
= 9000
number of turns = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) A 240 V d.c. supply is used instead of the 240 V a.c. supply. Tick one box to indicate what
happens to the lamp.

glows more brightly

glows with the same brightness

glows less brightly

does not glow

[1]

[Total: 8]
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10 (a) Fig. 10.1 shows the symbol for a logic gate.

output input

Fig. 10.1

(i) OR Gate
State the name of this gate. ......................................... [1]

(ii) On Fig. 10.1, label an input and an output. [1]

(iii) In the space below, draw the symbol for a NAND gate.

[1]

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(b) A very low frequency alternating voltage is applied between A and B in the circuit shown in
Fig. 10.2.

A B

A
centre-zero
ammeter

Fig. 10.2

On each diagram, draw a possible position of the indicator needle of the ammeter at the time
in the cycle when

(i) A is positive and B is negative,

–1 0 +1
–2 +2

(ii) there is no p.d. between A and B,

–1 0 +1
–2 +2

(iii) A is negative and B is positive.

–1 0 +1
–2 +2

A
[3]

[Total: 6]

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11 (a) State, in terms of the particles in each nucleus, how the nuclei of two isotopes of the same
element are different.
They have the different number of neutrons
...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Fig. 11.1 shows a graph of nucleon number against proton number. The nucleus 21 2 Bi is
83
plotted on the graph at the cross marked P.

213
P
212 R
nucleon 211
number
210

209
Q
208
79 80 81 82 83 84
proton number

Fig. 11.1
(i) On Fig. 11.1,

1. plot a cross labelled Q for the nucleus formed when the 21 2 Bi nucleus emits an
83
α-particle,

2. plot a cross labelled R for the nucleus formed when the 21 2 Bi nucleus emits a
83
β-particle.
[4]

(ii) The half-life for the decay of 21823 Bi is 60 minutes.

A sample of 21823 Bi is placed at a fixed distance from a detector. The initial measurement
of the count rate from the sample of 21823 Bi is 2400 counts per minute.

Calculate the count rate from the sample 5.0 hours later.

counts 24000 1200 600 300 150 75

hours 0 1 2 3 4 5

75
count-rate = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 7]

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.

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