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    Concentration Cheat Sheet

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    Concentration Cheat Sheet

    Uploaded by

    contact2web
    914 views2 pages

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    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    914 views2 pages

    Concentration Cheat Sheet

    Uploaded by

    contact2web

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Molarity dilution and mixing

    n m substance M 1 V 1 M 2 V 2 ... =M F V F F for final


    M = substance or M =
    V solution mMsubstance V solution other equations
    Normality n substance =m substance /m Msubstance
    N =Eqsubstance / V solution msolution =msolvent msubstance
    Molality d =msolution /1000 V  V in L
    n msubstance
    m= substance or m= symbols used:
    msolvent mMsubstance msolvent
    M – molarity – mol/L
    % w/w N – normality – Eq/L
    msubstance m – molality – mol/kg
    c % w/ w = ⋅100 % or Eq – number of equivalents
    msolution
    n – number of moles
    msubstance mM – molar mass – g
    c % w/ w = ⋅100 %
    msubstance msolvent V – volume – L
    ppm, ppb, ppt m – mass g
    d – density – g/mL
    m
    ppm= substance⋅106 ppb – 109, ppt – 103
    msolution Concentration and Solution Calculator
    CASC – program for fast and easy
    molar fraction
    concentration calculations and solution
    n recipes preparation.
    x = substance sum all substances present
    ∑ ni © 2006 ChemBuddy http://www.chembuddy.com
    Conversion – to molarity density tables g/mL
    % w/w to molarity % w/w NaOH H2SO4 acetic HCl NH3
    10 c %w / w d 0.0 0.9991 0.9991 0.9982 0.9982 0.9991
    M=
    mMsubstance 1.0 1.0106 1.0054 0.9997 1.0032 0.9956
    molality to molarity 2.0 1.0219 1.0129 1.0012 1.0082 0.9913
    1000 m d 3.0 1.0331 1.0198 1.0026 1.0132 0.9832
    M=
    1000m mMsubstance
    4.0 1.0443 1.0266 1.0041 1.0181 0.9792
    molar fraction to molarity 5.0 1.0554 1.0334 1.0055 1.0230 0.9597
    1000 d
    M= 10.0 1.1111 1.0687 1.0126 1.0474 0.9421
    1−x 
    mMsubstance mMsolvent 15.0 1.1655 1.1048 1.0195 1.0725 0.9256
    x
    20.0 1.2219 1.1430 1.0261 1.0980 0.8951
    Conversion – from molarity
    molarity to % w/w 30.0 1.3311 1.2212 1.0383 1.1493
    M mMsubstance 40.0 1.4339 1.3070 1.0488 1.1980
    c % w/ w = 50.0 1.5290 1.3989 1.0575
    10 d
    molarity to molality 60.0 1.5031 1.0642
    1000 M 70.0 1.6150 1.0686
    m=
    1000 d −M mMsubstance 80.0 1.7323 1.0699
    molarity to molar fraction 90.0 1.8197 1.0660
    M mMsolvent 100.0 1.8305 1.0497
    x=
    1000 d M  mMsolvent −mMsubstance  © 2006 ChemBuddy http://www.chembuddy.com

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