Software Verification

PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000

REVISION NO.: 0

EXAMPLE 2-001
SHELL – PATCH TEST WITH PRESCRIBED DISPLACEMENTS

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
In this example a rectangular plate with irregularly shaped elements is subjected
to prescribed displacements at the edges that theoretically impose a constant
stress field over the model. The geometry, properties and loading are as
described in MacNeal and Harder 1985. The membrane and plate bending stress
components resulting from the prescribed displacements are compared with hand
calculated results.

Joints 1, 2, 7 and 8 are restrained for translation in the X, Y and Z directions and
for rotation about the X and Y axes. No joint restraint is specified about the Z
axis. The prescribed displacements are applied to the restrained degrees of
freedom of those joints.

The shell section is modeled using full shell behavior; that is, both membrane
and plate bending behavior. Separate models are used to test the thin-plate and
thick-plate options. Because the model is flat, that is, all in one plane, there is no
coupling between the membrane and the plate bending behavior.

GEOMETRY AND PROPERTIES

0.24"
Joint Coordinates (inches)
Joint X Y Z
2 8
4 1 0 0 0
4 6 2 0 0.12 0
3 0.04 0.02 0
0.12"

1 5
3 4 0.08 0.08 0
Y 5 0.18 0.03 0
3 2 5
Z 1 7 6 0.16 0.08 0
7 0.24 0 0
1 - Joint number 8 0.24 0.12 0
X
1 - Area object number
Material Properties Section Properties Load Cases
E = 1,000,000 lb/in2 Thickness = 0.001 in 1 - Membrane: Ux and Uy
ν = 0.25 2 - Plate Bending: Uz, Rx and Ry

EXAMPLE 2-001 - 1
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PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
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LOADING
Separate load cases are provided to test membrane behavior and plate bending
behavior.

Membrane Behavior

The loading for membrane behavior is provided in the form of prescribed edge
displacements Ux and Uy, which are imposed on joints 1, 2, 7 and 8. Those
displacements are defined by the following equations.

y x
x y
Ux  2, Uy  2
1000 1000

The following table shows the applied displacements calculated from the
preceding equations for each of the edge joints. These displacements are applied
in a load case named Membrane.

X Y Ux Uy
Joint (in) (in) (in) (in)

1 0 0 0 0

2 0 0.12 0.00006 0.00012

7 0.24 0 0.00024 0.00012

8 0.24 0.12 0.00030 0.00024

Plate Bending Behavior

The loading for plate bending behavior is provided in the form of prescribed edge
displacements Uz, Rx and Ry, which are imposed on joints 1, 2, 7 and 8. Those
displacements and rotations are defined by the following equations.

x y
y x
x 2  xy  y 2 2, 2
Uz  , Rx  Ry 
2000 1000 1000

EXAMPLE 2-001 - 2
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PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
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The following table shows the applied displacements calculated from the
preceding equations for each of the edge joints. These displacements and
rotations are applied in a load case named PlBend.

X Y Uz Rx Ry
Joint (in) (in) (in) (rad) (rad)

1 0 0 0 0 0

2 0 0.12 0.0000072 0.00012 -0.00006

7 0.24 0 0.0000288 0.00012 -0.00024

8 0.24 0.12 0.0000504 0.00024 -0.00030

TECHNICAL FEATURES OF SAP2000 TESTED

 Membrane analysis using shell elements
 Plate bending analysis using shell elements
 Thin-plate option
 Thick-plate option
 Joint displacement loading

RESULTS COMPARISON
The independent membrane results are based on Equation 2 on page 6 in
Timoshenko and Goodier 1951. The independent plate bending results are based
on Equation 3 on page 5 and Equations 101 and 102 on page 81 of Timoshenko
and Woinowsky-Krieger 1959. Additional independent results are published in
MacNeal and Harder 1985.

EXAMPLE 2-001 - 3
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Thin Plate Option

Load Stress Percent

Case Component SAP2000 Independent Difference
σxx lb/in2 1333 1333 0%
Membrane σyy lb/in2 1333 1333 0%
σxy lb/in2 400 400 0%
Mxx lb-in/in 1.111E-07 1.111E-07 0%
PlBend Myy lb-in/in 1.111E-07 1.111E-07 0%
Mxy lb-in/in 3.333E-08 3.333E-08 0%

Thick Plate Option

Load Stress Percent

Case Component SAP2000 Independent Difference
σxx lb/in2 1333 1333 0%
Membrane σyy lb/in2 1333 1333 0%
σxy lb/in2 400 400 0%
Mxx lb-in/in 1.111E-07 1.111E-07 0%
PlBend Myy lb-in/in 1.111E-07 1.111E-07 0%
Mxy lb-in/in 0.333E-07 0.333E-07 0%

COMPUTER FILES: Example 2-001-thick, Example 2-001-thin

CONCLUSION
The SAP2000 results show an exact comparison with the independent results for
both the thin plate option and the thick plate option.

EXAMPLE 2-001 - 4
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HAND CALCULATION

EXAMPLE 2-001 - 5
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PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
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EXAMPLE 2-001 - 6
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PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
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EXAMPLE 2-001 - 7