Vi Final PDF

ICT TEACHER HAND BOOK
(Computer Education)
Class - VI
State Council of Educational Research & Training,

Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad.
ICT Teacher Hand Book i

 Content Development Committee 
Sri G.V.S.P. Kumar, Trustee, Remedia Trust, Hyderabad.
Sri M. Jagadish Babu, Programme Officer, C-DAC, Hyderabad.
Sri Mahesh Varal, Consultant, I.T., Hyderabad
Sri M. Ramanjaneyulu, Lecturer, Diet Vikarabad, Rangareddy
Editing & Co-ordination
Dr. P. Jani Reddy Dr. N. Upender Reddy

Lecturer, Professor & Head
Diet, Vikarabad C &T Department,
Rangareddy Dist. SCERT, A.P., Hyderabad
Advisor
Sri G. Gopal Reddy

Director
State Council of Educational
Research & Training,
A.P., Hyderabad
Foreword
Information Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the rapidly changing
area in domain of learning. The main purpose of introducing ICT in schools is to help
the students to make use of different ICT tools in enhancing their learning. The ICT
education helps the students to face the challenges of 21st century and attain the
millennium developmental goals in education. ICT also helps in reducing the digital
divide among the rural and urban students.
As per the UNESCO “technology can be powerful education multiplier, but we
must know how to use it. It is not enough to install technology into classrooms- it
must be integrated into learning. Nothing can be substitute for a good teacher. It is not
technology itself that empowers people- empowerment comes from skills and
knowledge”.
The teachers have become more critical than ever- the challenge is how to
enable teachers not only to overcome the technology barriers but also to empower
them to integrate appropriate technology into the teaching and learning process.
This handbook contains the required content in using the different tools and
linking then with other subjects i.e. Mathematics, Science, Social Science and
languages.
The SCERT, A.P, Hyderabad appreciates the efforts of the content experts and
other team members in developing these ICT handbooks. We also acknowledge the
C-DAC, Hyderabad for sharing their content related to software security in the
preparation of these handbooks.
We hope, the teacher may find this handbook useful and transact it in the classroom
to enhance the learning levels of the students and also infuse confidence among them
as they were not left behind in using technology on par with other students who are
studying in corporate schools.
Date: 24.05.2014 Director

SCERT AP Hyderabad
iii
Class - VI
CONTENTS
Sl.No. Name of the Lesson Page No.
1. What is ICT - Benefit & Limitation of ICT 1 - 4
2. Computer Generations 5 - 12
3. Working of a PC - Number System 13 - 16
4. Input & Storage Devices 17 - 22
5. Computer Printer 23 - 25
6. Introduction to Windows 26 - 35
7. Introduction to Powerpoint 36 - 45
8. Introduction to Word 46 - 54
9. Internet 55 - 61
ICT Teacher Hand Book iv SCERT, A.P. Hyderabad

Instructions to Teachers
The main purpose of introducing ICT in school syllabus is the help the children to
understand how to make use of ICT tools in enhancing their learning.
 This material is meant for teacher only. Hence, the teacher should read, understand
and add their experience while transacting the same to students.
 Prepare a year plan in advance keeping in view of the number of periods available
under computer education.
 Read all the topics given in the handbook and prepare thoroughly before start teaching.
 Refer relevant material and consult the experts in case of any doubts.
 Before going to practices, the theory/ content should be explained to students then
only demo and practice sessions should be taken up.
 All abbreviations must be thoroughly practised by the teacher before teaching.
 Update your knowledge in software and hardware in addition to the latest ICT tools.
Use internet to update the knowledge in the given topics.
 Ensure all children get equal opportunities in practices.
 There will be two periods in a week for ICT subject, accordingly, teacher has to plan
for transaction.
 Few projects are given at the end of the handbook. All students should do these
projects. In addition to these, you may consult your colleagues and identify some
more projects and assign to your students.
Assessment :
Children performance should be assessed at the end of each summative based on the
indicators given below:
 Students are able to operate and use the ICT tools.
 Students are able to learn subject-wise content by using ICT tools.
ICT Teacher Hand Book v

There is no written test the children performance should be assessed through
observation based on their participation and their ability in using the ICT tools in their
learning.
Assessment Indicators
In addition to grading the qualitative Indicators are to be written in the students’
progress report under Computer Education. The following are the indicators:
A1 Students can use all the tools of the ICT and can use them effectively in their learning.
A2 Students can use all the tools of the ICT and able to use them in their learning.
B1 Students are able to use the different tools of ICT and able to use most of them in their
learning.
B2 Students are able to use the different tools of ICT and use some of them in their learning.
C1 Students are able to use the ICT tools and able to use few of them in their learning.
C2 Students are able to some of the ICT tools and try to use them in their learning.
D1 Students are able to identify the ICT tools and try to use a few of them in their learning.
D2 Students are able to identify some of the ICT tools but they are unable to use them in
their learning.
Note: The computer education is linked with Work Education and made a single
paper under other curricular subject areas. Hence, out of 50 marks, 25 marks each are to be
allotted to Work Education and Computer Education.
*****
vi SCERT, A.P. Hyderabad

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
Introduction
The field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is evolving
at such a pace, where concepts, technology and terminology are continuously
changing. ICT helps to bridge the digital divide among the students of various socio
economic and other geographical barriers. Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) is universally acknowledged as an important catalyst for social
transformation and national progress.
Information and communication technology which is a by-product of science
and technology explosion has revolutionized the world of learning. It is very essential
to integrate the IT with education in order to have the advantage of ICT education.
Around the world, policymakers and educators have high hopes for ICT in
the classroom as a springboard to students “21st century skills”—that combines the
competencies of problem solving, critical thinking and managing their own learning
is needed for success in the global workplace.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has dominated in every
walks of life affecting right from bus & railway reservations, hotel industry, online
money transfers , bill payments, in class room teaching and learning process, distance
education, e-learning and film making etc..
The learning activities through ICT make a difference. Students are much more likely
to learn to solve real-world problems and collaborate productively with their peers,
if their learning activities are carefully designed to offer opportunities.
The aim of 21st Century education is being redefined. It is not only for
employment generation but also to create a better world through understanding and
development of human qualities.
In this context, the Government of India has announced 2010 – 2020 as the
decade of Innovation. For which reasoning and critical thinking skills are essential.
And these skills are to be inculcated at the school level for which ICT tools and
techniques should be integrated into class room instructions right from the primary
1 ICT Teacher Hand Book

education level, so that the children develop the required skills. In this matter the
web is an open source and the child should know how to grab it.
According to UNESCO education is important to achieve the Millennium
Development goals; the following are reasons for which the ICT in education is a
key aspect. i.e., ‘More people would grow and develop; More people would learn
and know; More people would be equal and just; More children would survive and
live; More mothers would be healthier; More people would be able to combat illness;
More people would think of the future; More people would work together.”
The purpose of this material is to create awareness and practice among the
student and teacher communities with a “diverse set of technological tools, resources
used to communicate, create, disseminate, store, and manage information.” These
technologies include computers, internet, broadcasting technologies (radio and
television) and telephony.
The relevant and contemporary content, lucid language, attractive illustrations
and constructive exercises make the learning of computers more meaningful and
enriching.
The journey of the student starts right from the ICT tools available in and
around such as Radio, Tape recorder, TV, mobile and Computer. The students of
primary level learn to draw by using MS & Tux Paint, learn to type small words,
sentences, paragraphs, making documents by using typing tutor and MS Word.
Moving away a little from these applications, the students can learn MS Excel for
mathematical calculations & graphs and MS PowerPoint for making subject wise
presentations. Further the students learn the concepts of Data Base Management
System (DBMS), Internet, Networking and computer languages, maintaining the
computers and its peripherals. The students are also introduced to learn about the
Antivirus, Computer security and privacy and open source software technologies.
This material is useful in acquiring the concepts in a better way which make
the student journey in learning more fruitful and engrossing. It has been developed
in tune with the guidelines given by NCF-2005 and with various activity based
methods. This will lay down a path to create interest to take up high level computer
education courses in future and career.
SCERT, A.P. Hyderabad 2

The government had initiated Computer Education and Computer Aided
Learning in selected Primary, Upper Primary and High Schools. A huge number of
teachers in the State already had been trained to use computers in their regular class
room transactions and a lot of computer aided learning material also has been
developed and supplied to schools.
As part of Education Technology policy, the Education Department of Andhra
Pradesh has been developing a large quantity of material in the form of Audio (
Radio Programs under Vindam Nerchukundam), Audio and Video based programs (
SIET and SAP Net) and Computer based programs(CDs) in collaboration with NGOs.
The Objectives of the ICT in School Education:
To inculcate the ICT skills among the students of government schools.
To bridge the digital divide between rural and urban students.
To create computer awareness and literacy among students and teachers.
To provide ICT environment in the schools to make teaching-learning process
an effective and interesting
To train the teachers on computer syllabi, emerging information and
communication technologies.
To develop confidence in students to use computers in future.
Student-centered pedagogies that promote personalized and powerful learning
for students;
Extending learning beyond the classroom in ways most relevant to
knowledge-building and problem-solving in today’s world; and
ICT integration into pedagogy in ways that support learning goals. It is
important to note that ICT use is not a goal in itself, but a tool to broaden and
deepen learning opportunities.

Teaching Learning Process
The ICT material has been developed from class 1 to class 10. The teacher
can act as a facilitator to help the students in their learning process. In every Unit the
teacher explains the concepts and students do the activities/projects with ICT tools
and finely able to integrate with their subjects.
Academic standards and Assessment
Academic Standards
The students are able to operate and use the ICT tools
Students are able to learn subject wise contents through the ICT tools
Assessment Process
At the end of the each chapter exercises and projects have been given. On the
basis of the students performance appropriate grade may be awarded in summative
assessment.
*****

What is ICT
Chapter - 1
Benefits and Limitations .
Learning Objectives:
In this chapter you will be able to understand;
Understand what is ICT.
Introduction :
This chapter will give you a complete knowledge about the usage and impact of
ICT in out daily life.
ICT - What is it?
You see the letters ICT every where - particularly in education. But what does it
mean? Read our brief introduction to this important and fast-changing subject.
ICT is an acronym that stands for Information and Communications Technology
However, apart from explaining an acronym, there is not a universally accepted
defininition of ICT? Why? Because the concepts, methods and applications involved in
ICT are constantly evolving on an almost daily basis. Its difficult to keep up with the changes
- they happen so fast.
Lets focus on the three words behind ICT:
- INFORMATION
- COMMUNICATIONS
- TECHNOLOGY
A good way to think about ICT is to consider all the uses of digital technology that
already exist to help individuals, businesses and organisations use information.
ICT covers any product that will store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit or receive
information electronically in a digital form. For example, personal computers, digital
television, email, robots.
So ICT is concerned with the storage, retrieval, manipulation, transmission or
receipt of digital data. Importantly, it is also concerned with the way these different uses
can work with each other.
In business, ICT is often categorised into two broad types of product: -
(1) The traditional computer-based technologies (things you can typically do

on a personal computer or using computers at home or at work); and

(2) The more recent, and fast-growing range of digital communication
technologies (which allow people and organisations to communicate and share
information digitally)
Let’s take a brief look at these two categories to demonstrate the kinds of products
and ideas that are covered by ICT:
Traditional Computer Based Technologies
These types of ICT include:
Application Use
Standard Office Applications - Main Examples
Word processing E.g. Microsoft Word: Write letters, reports etc
Spreadsheets E.g. Microsoft Excel; Analyse financial information;
calculations; create forecasting models etc
Database software E.g. Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, Access; Managing
data in many forms, from basic lists (e.g. customer
contacts through to complex material (e.g. catalogue)
Presentation software E.g. Microsoft PowerPoint; make presentations, either
directly using a computer screen or data projector. Publish
in digital format via email or over the Internet
Desktop publishing E.g. Adobe Indesign, Quark Express, Microsoft
Publisher; produce newsletters, magazines and other
complex documents.
Graphics software E.g Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator; create and edit
images such as logos, drawings or pictures for use in
DTP, web sites or other publications
Specialist Applications - Examples (there are many Finances)
Accounting package E.g. Sage, Oracle; Manage an organisation’s accounts including rev-
enues/sales, purchases, bank accounts etc. A wide range of systems is available ranging
from basic packages suitable for small businesses through to sophisticated ones aimed
at multinational companies.
Computer Aided Design Computer Aided Design (CAD) is the use of computers to as-
sist the design process. Specialised CAD programs exist for many types of design:
in the area architectural, engineering, electronics and roadways

Customer Relations Management (CRM): Software that allows businesses to better un-
derstand their customers by collecting and analysing data on them such as their
product preferences, buying habits etc. Often linked to software applications that
run call centres and loyalty cards for example.
Traditional Computer Based Technologies
The C part of ICT refers to the communication of data by electronic means, usually
over some distance. This is often achieved via networks of sending and receiving equipment,
wires and satellite links.
The technologies involved in communication tend to be complex. You certainly don’t
need to understand them for your ICT course. However, there are aspects of digital
communications that you needs to be aware of. These relate primarily to the types of
network and the ways of connecting to the Internet. Let’s look at these two briefly (further
revision notes provide much more detail to support your study).
Internal networks: LAN
Usually referred to as a local area network (LAN), this involves linking a number
of hardware items (input and output devices plus computer processing) together within an
office or building.
The aim of a LAN is to be able to share hardware facilities such as printers or scanners,
software applications and data. This type of network is invaluable in the office environment
where colleagues need to have access to common data or programmes.
External networks
Often you need to communicate with someone outside your internal network, in this
case you will need to be part of a Wide Area Network (WAN). The Internet is the ultimate
WAN - it is a vast network of networks.
ICT in a Broader Context
Your ICT course will almost certainly cover the above examples of ICT in action,
perhaps focusing on the use of key applications such as spreadsheets, databases, presentation,
graphics and web design software.
It will also consider the following important topics that deal with the way ICT is used
and managed in an organisation:
- The nature of information (the “I” in ICT); this covers topics such as the meaning and
value of information; how information is controlled; the limitations of ICT; legal
considerations
- Management of information - this covers how data is captured, verified and stored for

effective use; the manipulation, processing and distribution of information; keeping
information secure; designing networks to share information
- Information systems strategy - this considers how ICT can be used within a business or
organisation as part of achieving goals and objectives
As you can see, ICT is a broad and fast-changing subject. We hope our free study
materials (revision notes, quizzes, presentations etc) will help you master IT!
Summary :
In this chapter you have learnt about What is ICT and its impact.
Teacher Activity
Key Words
Technology, Communication, Storage, Applications, Graphics, Accounting.

Chapter - 2 Computer Generations
Different types of Mobile Computing Device, Types of Projectors and Types

of TV
Describe the evolution of computers
Classify computer languages
Define the term robotics
Explain what computer aided design and computer aided instruction are
Introduction :
By understanding about the Computer Generation you will become aware about the
initial and current development in Computers.
Types of Mobile Computing Devices
The term mobile device covers a wide range of consumer electronics. Usually mobile
device describes the devices that can connect to the Internet. However, some people classify
digital cameras and standard MP3 players as mobile devices as well. The category of mobile
devices includes the following devices, as well as others:
Personal Digital Assistant: Sometimes called pocket computers, PDAs combine elements
of computing, telephone/fax, Internet and networking in a single device. A typical
PDA can function as a cellular phone, fax sender, Web browser and personal orga-
nizer
Smartphone: Smartphones combine both mobile phone and handheld computers into a
single device. Smartphones let you store information (e.g., e-mail) and install pro-
grams, along with using a mobile phone in one device. For example, a Smartphone
could be a mobile phone with some PDA functions integrated into the device or vise
versa.
Tablet PC: Tablet PCs are a type of notebook computer that has an screen display on which
you can write using a stylus. The handwriting is digitized and can be converted to
standard text through handwriting recognition, or it can remain as handwritten text.
Tablet PCs also typically have a keyboard and/or a mouse for input.

Different types of projectors
Projector Types
In today’s modern world, it offers a broad selection of projectors. Here are just a few
different types of projectors and a brief description on what each one is used for.
Slide
Slide projectors were commonly used as a form of entertainment in the 1950s and
1960s.The new slide projectors have small built in screens or walls enabling instant and
portable viewing.
LCD
LCD projectors are lightweight and portable; they provide very good quality images,
you may want to think about getting an LCD projector depending on your usage. Digital
LCD projectors are normally used for places such as the cinema, exhibitions, or advertising
etc.

DLP
DLP technology is reasonably priced for the home, business and schools. They are
good, lightweight projectors which you can just plug in and start using straight away.
Digital Projector
A digital projector is a computer display system that displays enlarged image on a
movie screen. The digital projector can be used in a program that helps to view 3D, interactive
Power Point presentations, and mp3 movies from a computer/laptop.
.
Types of Televisions
Analog TVs
Analog signal is transmitted on a particular radio
frequency, from the television station’s transmitting
antenna over the air to the receiving antenna connected
to your TV set.
Digital TVs
Digital television (DTV) is the transmission of
audio and video by digitally processed and multiplexed
signal, in contrast to the totally analog and channel
separated signals used by analog television. The Audio
and Video quality of digital TVs are very good.

Computer Generations
You are familiar with using computers and know how it helps you in finishing your
work quickly. But do you know how computers evolved?
The first mechanical computer was invented by Charles Babbage. This computer
called the Babbage s Analytical Engine performed basic mathematical functions. After the
invention of the first mechanical computer, there were constant developments in the world
of computers. These developments led to classify computers as:
The First Generation Computers
The Second Generation Computers
The Third Generation Computers
The Fourth Generation Computers
The Fifth Generation Computers
The first generation is also called the vacuum tube era. A vacuum tube is an electronic
switch. Vacuum tubes were expensive, bulky and used a lot of power. The computers that
used vacuum tubes were called the First Generation Computers. These computers were
huge, occupied several rooms and produced a lot of heat. They were extremely slow and
were giving problems frequently.
- Vaccume Tube
The second generation is also called the transistor era. Transistors that were more
efficient and cheaper replaced the vacuum tubes. William Shockley and others of Bell Labs,
U.S.A invented transistors. The computers that used transistors were called the Second
Generation Computers. These computers were smaller in size and were not very costly.
These computers were much faster and more dependable than those in the first generation.
- Transistor
The third generation is also called the integrated circuit era. In this generation, there
was a major change. Thousands of transistors were successfully connected together and
placed on a single silicon chip called the Integrated Circuit (IC). Sometimes, there were
more than one layer of such circuits. These were called large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits.

The size and the cost of these computers decreased and their speed and efficiency increased.
One of the early Integrated Circuits .
- Circuit
The fourth generation is also called the microprocessor era. With the introduction of
VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) technology, millions of transistors could be placed on
a single chip. The computers that used VLSI chips were called the Fourth Generation
Computers. Microprocessor (refer Figure 1.4), a single chip that could do all the processing
of a full-scale computer, was also invented in the year 1972. This led to a further decrease in
the cost of the computers. Recent research has focused on developing “thinking computers”.
These computers are called Fifth Generation Computers.
- Eletronic Chip
Computer Languages
Machine Language
As you know, a computer is an electronic machine, which works on electronic pulses.
The electronic components of a computer have two states only – ON and OFF. These two
states are represented as 1 and 0. A digit representing one of these states is called a binary
digit or a bit, in short. Computers understand input only in a language that comprises a
combination of bits. This language is called machine language. Machine language can be
directly understood and executed by the computer.
Assembly Language
A simple addition operation would require hundreds or thousands of machine language
instructions to be given. Every machine language instruction has to be written as a series of
0s and 1s. Therefore, it is very difficult to give instructions by using machine language.
Errors are very frequent and it becomes difficult to locate and correct them.
To overcome the disadvantages of machine language, the assembly language was
developed. An assembly language program consists of a combination of mnemonic codes.
A mnemonic code is a short form representing a basic operation.

For example:
ADD is the mnemonic for addition operation .
SUB is the mnemonic for subtraction operation .
LOAD is the mnemonic for load operation .
Mnemonic codes cannot be directly understood by the computer. Hence, each

mnemonic code is translated into the corresponding machine code by a special software
called the Assembler.
Both machine language and assembly language are machine dependant and vary
from computer to computer. Hence, machine language and assembly language programs
have to be rewritten specifically for every computer. They are also difficult to learn and use.
Hence, these languages are known as low-level languages.
High-level Languages
High-level languages use common English words and are therefore, easy to learn
and use. Examples of such languages are BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN, Pascal, C, etc.
Every high-level programming language is associated with a specific translating
program called “Compiler or Interpreter” . These are used to convert programs written in a
high-level language to machine language.
Computer Applications
Computer Animation
Computer animation is an illusion of motion created by a number of still images
generated by the computer in quick succession. Prior to the advent of computers, animation
was accomplished by filming hand-drawn or painted sequences on plastic or paper, one
frame at a time. Computer animation can be used to create special effects in movies, which
would otherwise be impossible. Example of computer animation: small babies swimming
deep under the sea.

Robotics
Robotics is the science that deals with robots – their construction, capabilities and
applications. A robot is a computer-controlled machine that is programmed to move,
manipulate objects and accomplish various kinds of tasks. Robots can be used to perform
repetitive tasks more quickly, inexpensively and accurately than humans.
Two generations of robots have appeared so far. The first generation robots can perform
mechanical actions without difficulty. But they do not have external sensory abilities – that
is, they cannot hear, see, feel or smell. Second generation robots possess more human qualities,
which include the sense of touch and vision.
Robots are used in assembly line manufacturing units for repetitive tasks. They are
very useful in places where harmful chemicals need to be handled. They are also better than
human beings where precision of work is required. American factories have more than 10,000
robots at work.
The automobile industry is the largest single user of robots in America. Robots are
also useful in high-radiation environments where radioactive materials are used.
Computer Aided Designing and Manufacturing

Computer Aided Designing and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) is the use of computers
in the design and manufacture of materials. They are used in manufacturing units to control
individual production tools such as milling machines. Some operations are automated with
the help of robots.
In the design stage, the techniques of drafting and computer graphics are combined
to produce models of the objects. These models can be manipulated and tested on the screen.
CAM engineers use such computer modelling to determine the best overall manufacturing
procedure for a manufacturing plant as a whole. For example, CAD/CAM principles are
used in manufacturing of automobiles, shoes, computer cabinets and other plastic goods.
Computer Aided Instruction
Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) is the latest of computer technologies that assist
the teaching and learning process. It is also known as computer-aided education. Examples
of CAI applications include guided drill and practice exercises, computer visualisation of
complex objects and computer-facilitated communication between students and teachers.
Types of CAI
Information that can be presented on computers in the form of text, visuals and sound
can be used to teach or encourage interaction. The guided drill is a computer program that
poses questions to students, returns feedback and selects additional questions based on the
students’ responses.
Computers can also help students view objects that are difficult or impossible to
visualise. For example, computers can be used to display human anatomy, molecular
structures or complex geometrical objects.
CAI also facilitates communication among students, between students and instructors
and beyond the classroom to distant students, instructors and experts.
CAI systems can be categorised based on who controls the progress of the lesson –
the author of the program or the student. Earlier systems were linear presentations of
information, where the author of the software directed control. In modern systems, especially
with visualisation systems and simulated environments, control often rests with the student
or with the instructor. This permits information to be reviewed or examined out of sequence.
Summary:
In this chapter you have learnt about various Computer generations .
Test Your Knowledge
Fill in the blanks

1. In the second generation of computers, vacuum tubes were replaced with
_______.
2. The third generation is called the _________________ era.
3. VLSI stands for ____________________.
4. A ____________ code is a short form representing a basic operation in as-
sembly language.
5. Every high level programming language is associated with a translating pro-
gram called ____________________.
6. The science that deals with robots is called ________________.
7. For designing and manufacturing materials, _________________ is used.

Key Words
Computer Generation, Robotics, Digital, Analog, Vaccume Tube

Chapter - 3 Working of a PC - Number System
Explain the different types of number systems
Decimal Number System
Binary Number System
Introduction to Number Systems

Numbers are used widely in daily life. You use numbers to identify houses in a street,
to represent the value of goods etc. To perform these activities, you use the decimal number
system. You use the decimal number system whenever you perform any manual calculation
also. Computers can also be used to store numeric information, such as cost of products and
perform calculations. However, computers use another type of number system called the
binary number system. You will now learn more about these two number systems.
The Decimal Number System
The number system that is used in our daily life is the Decimal Number System.
The Decimal number system contains 10 digits.
The digits used are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.
In the decimal number system, the value of a digit depends on its position
from the decimal point.
For example, in the number 356,

The digit 6 is in the units (100) position.
The digit 5 is in the tens (101) position.
The digit 3 is in the hundreds (102) position.
So, the value of the number 356 is written as:

In general, any number is simply the sum of the products of each digit value multiplied
by its positional value.
In any number system, the digit in the right most position is called the least significant
digit (LSD) because it carries the least value in the number. Similarly, the digit in the left
most position is called the most significant digit (MSD) as it carries the most value in the
number. In the above example, 6 is the LSD and 3 is the MSD.
Base of a Number System
The base of a number system is defined as the total number of digits used by that
number system. As the decimal number system uses 10 digits, it uses a base of 10. The base
of a number system is always written as a subscript of that number. For example, 2310 and
56710 are decimal numbers.
Binary Number System
Though the decimal number system is used for daily calculations, the computers use
a system that is easier and more efficient – the Binary Numbering System.
The Binary number system uses a base of 2. That is, it has only two digits.
The digits used are 0 and 1.
Each number in a binary number system represents a power of the base 2.
In this way, you can find the decimal equivalent of any binary number. A list of some
binary numbers and their decimal equivalent is given below

In any binary number, the right-most digit is called the least significant bit (LSB).
The left-most digit is called the most significant bit (MSB). For example, in the binary
number 1010, the leftmost digit 1 is the MSB and the right-most digit 0 is the LSB.
Just as you found the decimal equivalent of a binary number, you can also find the
binary equivalent of a decimal number. To convert a decimal number to its binary equivalent,
it has to be divided repeatedly by 2 until the quotient becomes zero.
For example, consider the number 61. To convert it to binary:
1. Divide the number repeatedly by 2.
2. Write down the remainder by the side of the quotient after each division as
shown below.
3. Repeat this division process till you get a final quotient of 0.
4. Now write down the bits in the order shown by the arrow, from bottom to top.
5. So the binary equivalent for 61 is 111101.
Advantages of the Binary Number System

The reasons for computers being designed to use binary numbers are given below.
The computer circuits have to handle 2 binary digits only (bits) rather than
10 (as in decimal number system). Due to this,
The design is simplified.
The cost is reduced.
The reliability is improved.
Binary system is used because everything that can be done by using the deci-
mal system can also be done by using the binary system.

Summary:
The number system used widely in daily life is the decimal number system.
The Decimal number system has ten digits represented by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,

8 and 9.
The number system used by computers is the binary number system.
The binary number system uses only two digits – 0 and 1.
You can convert a binary number to a decimal number by multiplying the

first digit from the right by the 0th power of 2, second digit from the right by
the first power of 2 and so on and adding the individual values.
A decimal number is converted to its binary equivalent by repeated division

of the decimal number by 2 till the quotient becomes 0.
Test Your Knowledge
Fill in the blanks

1. The number system that is used by man in daily life is the ______________
number system.
2. The __________________ number system is used commonly by computers.
3. The right-most bit in a binary number is called the _________ significant bit.
4. The binary system has a base of _______.
5. The _______ of a number system is defined as the total number of distinct

digits used by that number system.
Answer the following

1. Find the decimal equivalent of the following binary numbers.
a) 11 b) 101 c) 1101 d) 10011 e) 101011
2. Find the binary equivalent of the following decimal numbers.
a) 15 b) 36 c) 65
Key Words
Decimal Significant Binary

Chapter - 4 Input & Storage Devices
In this chapter you will be able to understand various input & Storage Devices such as
Scanner
Inputs for Projector
Inputs for Television
Memory & Storage
Scanners:
A scanner can be used to input printed images such
as photographs or pages of text directly into the computer.
A scanner works by shining a light at the image being
scanned and measuring how much light is reflected back
using an optical sensor. The amount of light that is
reflected back tells the computer how light or dark the
image is at each point.
Input Device for Projector :
The above remote will be used as input device for the projectors to operate.
Input devices for Television :
Remote , CD Player, DVD Player are etc used as in put device for Television.

Modem : A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a de-
vice that modulates an analog carrier signal to
encode digital information and demodulates the
signal to decode the transmitted information. It
produce a signal that can be transmitted easily
and decoded to reproduce the original digital
data. Modems can be used with any means of
transmitting analog signals, from light emitting diodes to radio.
Memory and Storage:
Different kinds of computer storage devices are available for data storage. Storing data
in such storage devices helps in avoiding use of too much space on the computer’s hard
drive. They can also help to keep the computer’s hard drive from crashing, along with
keeping it running at top speed.
The most common storage devices are:

Floppy Disks
Zip Disks
Compact Discs (CD) + RW
CD + R
Digital Video Disc (DVD) + RW
DVD + R
Flash/ Pen drive
Floppy Disk - They are plastic square disks, usually with a

silver or black sliding piece going across the top. These
disks come in a variety of colors and they hold about
144 million bytes (MB).
(Bytes are characters, symbols and letters).
Zip Disk - They look like a floppy disk, but they are a little
thicker. This disk also comes in a variety of colors and holds
about 200 MB of data.

CD + RW Disc (Compact Disc Rewriteable) - This
disc looks like a regular CD. The only differ-
ence is that we can write data on this disc and
erase it as many times as we want. It works
just like a floppy disk or a zip disk. A CD +
RW disc holds about 650 MB.
CD + R Disc (Compact Disc Recordable) - This one is a

CD that can be used to record data. It’s mostly used to record
audio. Once it’s been written on, it is not possible to re-
write or erase anything off it. This compact disc comes in
different sizes, but they are usually silver in color. (Some
CDs are black in color and they actually don’t get as many
scratches on them as the silver ones do. They are also a lot
less fragile).
A DVD – R Disc (Digital Video Disc - Recordable) - These

discs hold the space of about 4.7 GB and are used to
record movies.
A DVD + RW Disc (Digital Video Disc Rewriteable) The primary advantage of DVD-RW
over DVD-R is the ability to erase and rewrite to a
DVD-RW disc. According to Pioneer, DVD-RW
discs may be written to about 1,000 times before
needing replacement. DVD-RW discs are com-
monly used for volatile data, such as backups or
collections of files. They are also increasingly used
for home DVD video recorders. One benefit of us-
ing a rewritable disc is, if there are writing errors
when recording data, the disc is not ruined and can
still store data by erasing the faulty data.

Flash Drive - This a storage device that comes in many
colors and has a stick shape to it. They are very
small in size, but they can hold anywhere be-
tween 256 MB and 8 GB of material on them.
The other storage devices are:

Removable Hard Drive
Internet Hard Drive
Flash
PC Cards
Smart Cards
Storage Tapes
Memory Sticks
Smart Media
Removable Hard Drive - This is a disk drive in

which a plastic or metal case surrounds the
hard drive. It can be inserted and removed
just like a floppy disk.
Internet Hard Drive - This one is a service on the Internet that provides storage space to
computer users. This service offers about 25 MB of space, but it could be more,
depending on the service type.
PC Card - This is a thin credit card size

device that fits into a PC card slot, usually
on a notebook computer. This card simply
adds storage to most notebooks.

Smart Cards - These are the size of an ATM card.
When inserted into a smart card reader, they
can read and update data.
Storage Tape - This one is a magnetically coated ribbon of plastic, capable of storing large
amounts of data at a very low cost. Usually, stor-
age tapes are a little bigger than audio tapes. Older
computers used tape and tape drives, but even to-
day, some people still back their systems up with
storage tape. These tapes hold between 20 GB to
about 110 GB of data. An external tape drive can
be purchased separately as well, but those are even
harder to find.
Miniature Mobile Storage Media
This is used mostly with handheld computers and digital cameras.
Memory Stick - This is a rectangular shaped disk that is used mostly

with digital cameras and notebook computers. They hold ap-
proximately 128 MB.
Micro Drive - This is a square disk that has 4 GB of

space and is used with digital cameras and
handheld computers.
These are just some of the storage devices that
are available today. So, the next time you want to save
something that takes up a large amount of space on
your hard drive, think twice about it and consider using
one of these storage devices instead. One of these
devices could save you a lot of space on your hard
drive and keep your system running at its best!

Summery
In this Chapter we have understood
Input and storage Devices such as
Scanner
Input for Projector
Input for Television
Memory & Storage

Teacher Activity
Demonstrate the Usage of available Input, Storage devices in the comuter labto the
students
Key Words
Modem, Digital, Zipdisc, Smart Cards, Memory Sticks.

Chapter - 5 Computer Printer
Learning Objectives
About Computer Printer
Types of Printers.
Introduction
By gaining this knowledge you will be able to make use of computer printers
effectively.
A printer is a piece of hardware for a computer. It is a device that must be connected
to a computer which allows a user to print items on paper, such as letters and pictures. It can
also work with digital cameras to print directly without the use of a computer.
Types of printers
Today, the following types of printers are in regular use:
Inkjet printers, also sometimes called bubble jet printers use colored ink they
put on a paper.
Plotters are large format inkjet printers, or printers that use special pens.
Laser printers transfer tiny particles of toner onto the paper.
Dot-matrix printers are now almost extinct. They used a ribbon and made a
lot of noise. There were models with 9 pins and models with 24 pins.
Ink Jet Printer:

An Inkjet printer is a printer for computers. It uses special ink to print on the paper.
Another type of printing techology is the Laser printer.

Usually, inkjet printers are used by people who print very little. The ink comes in
special ink cartridges, which can be very expensive and uneconomical. Also, the ink in the
cartridge may dry up. This means that a new cartridge is needed. canon ink
Many professionals use inkjet printers to
print on very large surfaces (up to 5m width). These
printers usually do not use cartridges, but have a
continuous supply of ink that could last for a long
time. Inkjet printers need special paper. This paper
has been treated so that the ink does not smear. Less
expensive inkjet printers, which cost a little more
than 100 US dollars, are a bargain for users who
want to be able to print pages in color.
Plotter:
A Plotter is a kind of printer for computers.
Plotters use vector graphics. Usually they are used
to print to paper which is very large in size. Plotters
print things using special, coloredpens. There is one
called the drum plotter. They are often used in
warehouses.
Laser Jet Printer:

A laser printer is a printer for computers. It uses LED-technology to get
small particles oftoner from a cartridge onto paper. Very often, this is more economical to
use than the ink ofinkjet printers.
The laser printer was first invented by a team at Xerox in 1969.[source?]

Dot Matrix Printer:
Dot-matrix printers are printers for computers. A dot matrix printer creates characters
by striking pins against ink ribbons. Each pin makes a dot and combinations of dots from
characters and illustrations. This is much like a typewriter. Each character is made from
amatrix of dots. Today, dot matrix printers are not used by many people anymore. They are
still in use where forms (with multiple copies) need to be filled out.
Summary :
In this chapter you have learnt about various types of Printers.
Teacher Activity
Demorstrate the print out using the available printer at your school.
Key Words
Dot Matrix
Ink jet
Laser
Plotter

Chapter - 6 Introduction to Windows
Learning Objectives
In this chapter, you will be able to understand;
Change the Desktop background
Change the screen saver
Open an icon
Identify the parts of a window
Minimise, maximise and close a window
Resize and move a window
Switch between windows
Understand the concept of folders
Use Accessories
Start an application using all Programs menu and the Run option
Perform calculations using Calculator
Changing the Desktop Background
As you know, the desktop is the large area on the screen that
appears as soon as you start Windows. The appearance of a desktop
can be changed. To change the appearance of the desktop:
1. Right-click on the empty space on the desktop. A pop-up menu

(refer Figure) appears.
2. Click the Properties option. The Display Properties dialog

box appears.
3. Click the Desktop tab.
4. Select a background picture from the Background list box. The List box is a box that
has many options from which you can select an option of your choice. These single
word pictures are also called wallpapers.
5. Click the Apply button.
6. Click the OK button to close the dialog box.

Changing the Screen Saver
Screen saver is a moving picture or a pattern that appears on the screen when the
mouse or the keyboard is not used for a specified period of time. This time can be set in the
Wait spin box. The time interval is specified in minutes. You can specify the time by typing
it, or by simply clicking the up or down arrows, to increase or decrease the time in the Wait
spin box.
To change the screen saver,
1. Right-click on the empty space on the desktop.

2. Click the Properties option.
The Display Properties dialog box is displayed.
3. Click the Screen Saver tab.
4. Click the screen saver in the Screen saver drop-down list. Example: Starfield.
5. Click the Apply button.
6. Click the OK button to close the dialog box.

Opening an Icon
You know that there are a number of icons on the desktop. To view their contents,
they must be opened in a window.
To open an icon, there are three ways:
1. Place the mouse pointer on the icon and double-click it.
Or
Place the mouse pointer over the icon and click once.
The item gets highlighted.
2. Press the Enter key.
Or
Place the mouse pointer on the icon and right-click

once. A pop-up menu appears.
3. Choose the Open option

Parts of a Window
When you open an icon on the desktop, a window is opened. For example, when you
open the My Computer icon, the My Computer window is opened as shown in the figure.
The parts of the window are the Title bar, the Menu bar and the Toolbar
Title bar
The horizontal bar at the top of a window that contains the name of the window is
called the Title bar. The title bar also contains the Maximize, Minimize, and Close buttons.
Menu bar
The horizontal bar found just below the Title bar, which contains many options, is
called the Menu bar. When these options are clicked, a list of commands appears with which
you can perform various functions. These options help you to give instructions to Windows
about the action that needs to be performed.
Toolbar
The toolbar gives shortcuts for commonly used functions listed in the menu bar.
Scroll Bars
Scroll bars enable you to scroll through the contents of a window. The scroll bar
appears if the window is too small to show the entire contents of the work area.
A window can consist of two scroll bars:
Vertical scroll bar – It is used to move through a window horizontally.
The edges of a window are called borders. They can be used for resizing the windows
Working with a Window
Just as you can have many books on a table at the same time, you can have several
windows on the desktop at the same time. To take the example of books again, the books on

the table can be of different sizes and you can keep them beside each other or one above the
other. Similarly, the size of the windows can also be different and they can be placed beside
each other or one on top of the other. You can minimise or maximise a window, change its
size, move it around and close it.
Maximising, Minimising and Closing a Window
The three buttons on the right side of the Title bar are the Minimize button, the
Maximize button and the Close button.
The Minimize button minimizes the window to a button on the Taskbar. To restore
the window, click its button on the Taskbar.
To maximise a window, click the Maximize button . When you maximise, the
window occupies the whole screen. On maximising a window, the Maximize button
changes to the Restore button.
To bring it back to its original size, click the Restore button. On restoring the win-
dow, the Restore button will be replaced by the Maximize button.
To close a window, click the Close button.

Resizing and Moving a Window
To increase or decrease the sizw of a window, Place the mouse pointer on one of the
edges of the windows. The mouse pointer changes to a double-headed arrow click and
drag the mouse in the direction you want depending on the direction in which you drag the
mouse . the size of the window will increase or decrease.
Some times, a window might hide a part of the desktop that you want to see in such
a case you would like to move the windows to a different place
To move a window, click anywhere on its title bar. Drag the window to the place
where you want to place it
Switching Between Windows
There may be situations where many windows aer open at the same time. All
the windows will be displayed as buttons on the taskbar. The button of the application
windows that you are using currently will be highlighted on the taskbar and its windows is
called the active window. To switch to some other windows, click its button on the taskbar
on the taskbar. This window will appear in front of all other windows on the desktop and its
button will get highlighted on the taskbar.
The other way of switching to a window is by clicking on any part of the window.
However, this is possible only if a part of the window is visible on the desktop.
Understanding Files and Folders
When you open the My Computer window, you can see few icons. These icons
denote the different disk drives in your system.

You know that the
computer uses drives to
store information and each
drive is identified by the
drive name. The floppy disk
drive is usually referred to
as A: and the hard disk drive
is usually referred to as C:.
When you double-click the
Local Disk (C:) icon, the
window appears as shown
in Figure.
Now, you are able to
see small yellow icons. These are called folders. A folder is like a container that store files.
You can use a folder to store files on a particular topic together in a common location.
Files can be stored directly in the hard disk. So what is the use of folders?
Imagine that you have to search for a book in a library that has no racks. Books of
different subjects are put together. You will find it very difficult to get the book you want.
Similarly, if all the files in a computer are stored together it becomes difficult to
search for a particular file. So, it is important to organise the different files in your computer.
For this, Windows provides you with folders. In Windows, a small icon as shown in the
Figure represents a folder.
A folder can contain files. It can also contain other folders in it. These are called
subfolders.
File Names
Every one of you has a name. Similarly, each file must have a name to identify it.
This is called the file name.
Many of your names have two words in them. The first part of the name is the name
by which your friends call you. The second part of the name is the family name. It is the
name with which people recognise your family.
Similarly, all files have two parts in their names – the Primary name and the Extension.
Primary name – This is the first part of the filename. It is the name by which a file
is identified.
Extension – The second part contains the extension of the file name. This identifies
the type or family of the file.
For example, picture files have the extension .bmp and text files have the extension
.txt. An example for a file name is MyFile.doc.
A file name can contain

Alphabets
Numbers
Spaces
Special characters, such as [ ] { } , ! $ ~ ‘ % @
Though you can give any name for your file, it is always a good practice to give
meaningful names to your files. By just referring to the filename you should be able to know
what are the contents stored in the file.
A file containing a list of schools, can be given the name “xyz.doc”, but this does not
provide any information about what the file contains. Therefore, you can give it a meaningful
name like “schoolnames.doc”.
Accessories
You know that application software is written to perform a specific function. There
are many application software (also referred to as applications) used for general purposes
like painting, calculating, typing letters etc. There are a variety of applications available in
Windows. These applications come free along with the Windows operating system and are
collectively referred to as Accessories. A few examples of Accessories are:
Paint – Application to draw and paint pictures.
Notepad – Application to create and edit text files.
Calculator – Application to perform mathematical calculations
Starting an Application in Windows
There are two ways to start an application in Windows.
Using the All Programs menu
Using the Run option on the Start menu

Using the All Programs Menu
The applications in Windows can be started using the All Programs on the Start
menu. For example, there is an application called Calculator that is used for making
calculations. To open Calculator through the All Programs menu:
1. Click the Start button.
2. Choose All Programs on the Start menu.
3. Choose the Accessories option on the All Programs submenu.
4. Click the Calculator option on the Accessories submenu.
The Calculator opens. You can now perform calculations using it.
Using the Run Option

The Run option on the Start menu
can also be used to open or start a program.
To open the Calculator program through
the Run option:
2. Click the Run option on the Start
menu.

The Run dialog box appears (refer Figure). This dialog box has a box titled ‘Open’
where you can specify the name of the program.
3. Type the name of the program that has to be
opened in the Open box. For example, type „calc to open Calculator.
Calculator
If you have to do complex mathematical calculations like
multiplying 20 numbers then it will be tough. Generally,
you may use a pocket calculator for doing such calculations.
The Calculator (refer Figure 6.5) in Windows is also like your pocket
calculator. It can be used to perform calculations, such as addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, square root etc. The Calculator
has a set of buttons for numbers and signs. It has a Result textbox
where the numbers and the results are shown.
Using Calculator
In your pocket calculator, you use your hand to press the number buttons. In the
Windows Calculator, you can use the keyboard to type the numbers or the mouse to click
the number buttons. For example, to add 563 to 201:
1. Click the number buttons „5 , „6 and „3 .
2. Click the button „+ .
3. Click the number buttons „2 , „0 and „1 .
4. Click the button „=
Now the sum of the two numbers, 764, is shown in the Result text box.
Summary
To change the background, select a background from the Background list in the
Desktop tab of the Display Properties dialog box.
Screen Saver is a moving picture or a pattern that appears on the screen when the
mouse or the keyboard is not used for a specified period of time.
To change the screen saver, select a screen saver from the list in the Screen Saver tab
of the Display Properties dialog box.
You can open an icon by double-clicking it.
The major parts of a window are Title bar, Menu Bar, Toolbar, and Status bar.
You can minimise, maximise and close a window using the buttons on the right side
of the title bar.
You can switch between multiple windows by clicking the button of the required
window on the taskbar.
Files can be arranged in folders.
File names have two parts – Primary name and Extension.
The programs in Windows can be started using All Programs and the Run options on
the Start menu.
The Windows Calculator is like the pocket calculator that is used to do calculations.
Teacher Activity
Demonstrate the various , windows options discussed in the this chapter to the student.
Student Activity
1. Start the computer. List the icons that are shown on the desktop.
2. Change the background of your desktop to “Wind”.
3. Change the screen saver to “Starfield”.
4. Apply a screen saver to the computer, so that the screen saver gets activated if the
computer is not used for 1 minute.
5. Open the My Computer icon and maximize the window.
6. Restore the window to the original size.
7. Close the window.
8. Open the Windows Calculator.
9. Using the Calculator, find the product of 397 and 693.
10. Close the Calculator.
Test Your Knowledge
Fill in the blanks

1. The _____________ is a moving picture or a pattern that appears on the screen
when the mouse or the keyboard is not used for some period of time.
2. You can change the background of your computer using the ___________ tab in the
Display Properties dialog box.
3. The ___________ option on the Start menu contains the last 15 files that have been
recently opened.
4. You can enlarge a window using __________ button.
5. The programs in Windows can be started using the ____________ and the _________
options on the Start menu.
Key Words
Desktop, Background, Pattern, Display, Primary Extension.

Chapter - 7 Introduction to Power Point
At the end of this chapter, you will be able to understand;
Appreciate the need for PowerPoint
Start PowerPoint
Identify the parts of a PowerPoint window
Identify the components of a presentation
Create a new presentation
Add text to slides
Save a presentation
Close PowerPoint
Exit PowerPoint
Introduction
Consider the following situation:
You are asked to explain about the domestic and wild animals by your science teacher
in the class. There are two different ways of doing it.
1. You can draw pictures on a chart and bring it to the class and explain it to the students.
2. You can draw the same on the blackboard itself and explain.
In the first case, you can use the sketch pens to make the diagram look good but the
problem is that it will not be clearly seen to the entire class.
In the second case, though it will be clear to all your friends, it may not look good
and colourful, as you can use only chalk pieces.
You explain your confusion to your science teacher and she gives you an answer to
this problem. She asks you to make use of PowerPoint to create your presentation as it will
not only be colourful but also will be easier for your friends to understand it.
PowerPoint allows users to create good and interesting presentations. Presentations
are made of slides. Each slide will contain some text or pictures that will be a part of the
presentation.
The word presentation refers to the way of explaining a particular subject. Thus
when the teacher teaches a subject in the class, she is making a presentation. In a PowerPoint
presentation, pictures, sound, charts and graphs can be included easily.

The advantages of using PowerPoint are:
You can draw diagrams very easily.
You can make changes to the diagram or sentence easily.
You can also get a variety of pictures.
Your presentation can be made to look very colourful and attractive.
You can include text and picture movements on the screen.
Starting PowerPoint
Now that you have decided to use PowerPoint to create your presentation, first it has
to be started.
To start PowerPoint:
2. Choose the All Programs on the Start menu.
3. Click the Microsoft Office option on the Programs submenu (refer Figure 10.1).
4. Click the Microsoft PowerPoint 2007 on the Microsoft Office submenu
The PowerPoint window appears with a blank presentation as shown in Figure10.2.

The blank presentation is the white area of the screen where you have to enter the
content of your presentation.

The other parts of the PowerPoint window are:
Title bar :
This is present at the top of the PowerPoint screen. It is used for displaying the name/
title of the presentation.
Office Button :
The Office button appears on the upper left corner of the screen. It displays the basic
commands to open, save and print your file.
Ribbon :
This is present right below the Title bar. The Ribbon contains the various tabs. Each
tab displays various groups under which, a set of tools are present. The area where all the
groups are collectively displayed under each tab is called the Ribbon
Status bar :
It is present at the bottom of the PowerPoint screen. It displays the details of the
currently opened presentation like number of slides, the design template used etc.
Some of the other components are the slides tab, view buttons and the slide pane.
Components of a Presentation :
In addition to the slides, PowerPoint can be used to generate outlines, speaker notes
and audience handouts to compliment the presentation.
Slides:
Each slide is a separate page that is displayed in a sequential order. Slides can have
text, pictures, drawing objects, graphs, sounds or movies.

Outline:
An outline is a text only version of the entire slide show indented according to the
levels of headings, sub-headings and body text. This is useful for editing and rearranging
the text in the slides. You can create a new slide by entering text in outline view.
Speaker Notes:
Each slide can have corresponding speaker notes. You can create speaker notes to
help remember key points during a presentation or for the audience. Speaker notes have a
miniature picture of the slide along with notes for the speaker.
Handouts:
You can print the slides in a presentation as audience handouts. The audience can use
the handouts for future reference. Handouts can be printed with 2, 3, 4, 6 or 9 slides on a
page with a blank area next to each slide for the audience to write notes. Handouts show
only the slides and not the corresponding speaker notes.
Creating a New Presentation

You can create a presentation using:
Blank Presentation
Installed Themes
Creating a Presentation Using Blank Presentation Option
A slide is the area that holds text and graphics. One or more such slides make a
presentation.

To create a new presentation,
1. Click the Office button which is present on the top left corner of the PowerPoint
window.
2. Select the New option. The New Presentation dialog box gets displayed.
3. Select the Blank Presentation option.
4. Click the Create button.
Creating a Title Slide

1. To create a title slide,
2. Select the Home tab.
3. Click the Layout button from the Slide group.
4. Select the Title Only layout from the Layout pane.
To add title,
1. Click anywhere on the “Click to add title” area.
2. Add the text, “Welcome to Power Point”.

3. A slide with text is added.

Creating a Presentation Using Installed Themes
A presentation template is a saved presentation file that contains predefined slides,
colour schemes and graphic elements
To apply a theme to a new presentation:
1. Select the Design tab. List of themes are displayed.

Adding Text
You already know that you have to enter the text of your presentation in the blank
area of the screen. This rectangular area is called slide. You can have any number of slides in
your presentation.
In PowerPoint, the text has to be typed in Text Placeholders. These are the two
rectangular boxes that you see on a new slide
In this figure, there are two placeholders – one for the title and another for the subtitle.
The steps to add text in a slide are:
1. Click the text box, which reads Click to add title
2. The text, Click to add title, gets changed and the user is allowed to type in the
title for the presentation.
3. After typing the text, click anywhere outside the text placeholder to check
how the title looks.
4. In the subtitle area, type your name. Your first slide is completed.
Creating a Presentation Using From existing presentations
New presentations can be created from the existing presentation file. The layout of
the existing presentation is applied to the new presentation file being created.
To create a New Presentation from the existing presentation File:
1. Click the Office button.
2. Select the New option. A New Presentation dialog box is displayed,
3. Select New from existing option from the New Presentation dialog box.
4. A dialog box opens New from Existing Presentation dialog box)
5. Select a presentation file from the available presentation files.
6. Click Create New button.
Saving a Presentation
You have created a slide now. It is advisable to save the presentation before adding
more slides. The steps to save a presentation are:
2. Select the Save option.

The Save As dialog box appears as in Figure 10.12.
3. Type the name of the presentation “Animals” in the File Name box.
4. Click the Save button.
The presentation gets saved with an extension .pptx.
The Save As dialog box appears only the first time you save the file. When you
choose the Save option again, PowerPoint will not ask you any questions and the latest
changes will get saved.
Closing a Presentation
Once you have saved the presentation, you can close it. To close a presentation:
2. Click the Close option. The file gets closed.
However, if the presentation has not been saved PowerPoint displays a message box
asking you if you want to save the presentation. To save, click the Yes button. Otherwise,
click the No button

Exiting PowerPoint
To exit PowerPoint:
2. Select the Exit Power Point option.
The PowerPoint window is closed. However, if any presentation in that window has
not been saved, the warning message box is displayed
Summary :
PowerPoint is used for creating effective presentations.
All PowerPoint presentations are divided into slides.
Presentations can be created using the, Themes or Blank Presentation option
To save a presentation file, click the Save option on the Office button.
To close the PowerPoint window, click the Exit option on the Office button.
Teacher Activity
Demonstrate the usage of powerpoint to students with a demo project.

Test Your Knowledge
Fill in the blanks

1. ___________ is used for creating effective and colourful presentations.
2. The _________ option is used to close the PowerPoint window.
3. Text in a slide can be entered only within ___________________.
4. To save the changes in a presentation, the _________ option is used.
5. The _________ option helps you to close the PowerPoint window.
Key Words
Presentation, Theme, Slide, Interface

Chapter - 8 Introduction to Word
At the end of this chapter, you will be able to understand;
State the advantages of using a Word Processor
Start Word
Enter and modify text
Perform the undo and redo actions
Save and close a document
Exit Word
Introduction
When you write a letter or a report by hand, you might make mistakes. When you try
to correct the mistakes, the paper becomes untidy. Writing by hand takes more time. It is
also difficult to add pictures.
When you use a Word Processor, it is easy to correct mistakes without making the
paper dirty. It is also easy to add pictures. The time taken to create a report is also
comparatively less. You can also store your letters and reports for future use.
So, you can say that a Word Processor is a software that helps to create text files. A
file created in a word processor is known as a document. Some of the commonly used word
processors are WordPerfect, WordPro and MS Word.
Now, you will learn about Word. Word can perform tasks like inserting and modifying
text. It can also perform many more tasks like adding tables, inserting page numbers, checking
your document for spelling and grammatical mistakes, inserting pictures and shapes etc.
Starting Word
To start Word,
1. Click the Start button on the taskbar.
2. Choose the All Programs option on the Start menu.
3. Click the Microsoft Office option from the All Programs menu.
4. Click Microsoft Office Word 2007.

This opens a blank document window.
Components of a Document Window

When you start Word, a blank document window appears. The various parts of that
window are shown

Title bar –Shows the name of the document and the type of application.
Tabs – Provides commands that enable you to instruct Word about the action that
needs to be performed.
Toolbars – Provide shortcuts in the form of images to frequently performed com-

mands. These shortcuts are called icons.
Rulers – Helps you to change margins and arrange the text properly in pages.
Document area – Area where the text is typed.
Insertion point – Blinking vertical cursor that indicates the position on the screen
where the text or graphics will be placed.
Scrollbars – Enable you to move up and down in your document.
Status bar – Gives information on the number of pages in the document.

Creating a New Document
If a Word window is already open, you can create a new blank document using the
Office button.
To create a new document:
1. Click the Office Button.
2. Click the New option.
The New Document task pane appears as shown

3. Click the Blank Document option.
4. Click the Create button.
A new blank Word document is created.
Entering Text
The cursor is now at the beginning of the document. Start typing the required text
The Solar System
The Solar System is like a family made of objects in the sky. The Sun forms the
center of the solar system.It is surrounded by the other family members namely planets,
moons, asteroids and comets.
Sun:
The sun is the most prominent feature in our solar system. It is the largest object and
contains more than 99% of the entire mass of the solar system.
Planets:
There are nine planets; which move around the sun in elliptical orbits. The nine
planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto.
Moon:
Moons arethe natural satellites that revolves around planets. There are more than
1000 moons in the solar system The most notable of thern all is the Moon that revolves
around the Earth
Asteroids:
Asteroids are metallic, rocky bodies without atmospheres that orbit the Sun but are
too small to be clasified as planets. They are also known as minor planets.
Comets:
Comets are small, irregularly shaped bodies composed of a mixture of non-volatile
grains and frozen gases. These comets move around the sun in highly elliptical orbits which
often go beyond the orbit of Pluto.
As you type, the cursor moves across the screen in front of your text. As your text
reaches the end of a line, Word automatically brings the cursor to the next line below. The
text you type now will appear in the second line. This feature is called Word Wrap.
Manipulating Text
If you make any mistake while typing, you can correct it easily.
To erase a character:

1. Place the cursor after the character you want to erase.
2. Press the Backspace key.
The Backspace key erases the character to the left of the cursor.
Alternatively, you can also use the Delete key to erase text.
To do this:
1. Place the cursor before the character to be erased.
2. Press the Delete key.
The Delete key erases the character to the right of the cursor.
Selecting Text
In Word, it is possible to work with blocks of text. For example, you may want to
erase words, sentences or paragraphs. To perform any action on a block of text, you must
first select it.
To select a word, place the mouse cursor anywhere on the word and double click it.
To select an entire line:
1. Move the mouse to the extreme left of the page till the mouse cursor changes to an
arrow
To select an entire paragraph, triple-click anywhere inside the paragraph.
To select any text:
1. Place the cursor at the beginning of the text you want to select.
2. Hold the left mouse button down and drag the mouse across the text and release
the left mouse button when the desired text is selected. The selected text will be highlighted.
The Undo and Redo Options
The Undo option is used to reverse the previous action.
To undo an action:
1. Click the Undo option from the Quick Access Toolbar
The Redo option is used to reverse the last Undo action performed on the document.
To redo an action:
1. Click the Redo option from the Quick Access Toolbar
To undo or redo multiple actions, click the arrow button near the Undo or Redo icon
and choose the actions from the list of actions that it displays.
Redo option
Saving a Document
After you have finished typing, you have to save the document so that you can use it
later.
To save the document:
2. Click the Save option.
The Save As dialog box appears as shown below.
3. Enter the file name in the File name box.
The Word document gets saved with an extension .docx in the default location. The
default location for Word documents is the My Documents folder.
Once you have saved your document, you can choose the Save option any number of
times. Word will not ask you any questions and the latest changes will get saved.
Using the Save As option
It is always safe to keep a copy of your documents in another location also. This
would be useful in case your original document is accidentally deleted. You can use the
Save As option to save your document in another place or to save the document with a new
name. For example, to save your document on the desktop:
2. Click the Save As option.
The Save As dialog box appears.
3. Click anywhere on the Save in drop-down list.
4. Select the Desktop option.
Closing a Document
Once you have saved the document, you can close it.
To close a document:
2. Click the Close option.
If you have not saved the file, Word displays a warning and asks you if you want to
save the changes to your document. To save the document, click the Yes button. If you do
not want to save it, click the No button and proceed
Exiting Word
Once you have finished working and saved the document, you can close the Word
window.
To quit Word:
1. Click the File menu.
2. Click the Exit option.
The Word window is closed. But, if you had some document open and did not save
the changes, Word displays the warning dialog box.

Summary :
Word is the most commonly used word processor.
To create a new document, click the New option on the Office Button.
The undo option is used to cancel the previous action.
To undo an action, click the Undo option on the Quick Access Toolbar.
The redo option will reverse the previous Undo action.
To redo an action, click the Redo option on the Quick Access Toolbar.
To save a document, click the Save option on the Office Button.
To save a document in a different folder or with a different name, click the Save As
option on the Office Button.
To close a document, click the Close option on the Office Button.
To quit Word, click the Exit option on the Office Button.
Teacher Activity
1 Explain the MS Word interface to the students

2 Demonstrate the Option & Learn in this chapter to student
Student Activity
1. Start Word.
2. Type a short essay in your own words on Diwali using the hints given below.
The Diwali … An important festival… celebrated in memory of Lord Ram’s

return to Ayodhya after an exile of 14 years… people of Ayodhya decorated their
houses… lit earthen lamps (diyas)… put on their best clothes… all in a joyous mood…
all in honour of Lord Ram’s return to Ayodhya… now the day is celebrated every
year.
3. Make the following changes in your document.
a) Select the last line and delete it.
b) Undo the above action.
4. Save the document with the filename “Diwali”.
5. Save the same document now on the desktop with the filename “MyFestival”.
6. Create a new document and type the following text.
Mohandas K. Gandhi was born in 18 69 in the state of Gujarat in Western India. He

married Kasturbai Makanji when both were 13 years old. His family later sent him to
London to study law, and in 1891 he was admitted to the Inner Temple, and called to the
bar. In Southern Africa, he worked ceaselessly to improve the rights of the immigrant
Indians. It was there that he developed his creed of passive resistance against injustice,
satyagraha, meaning truth force, and was frequently jailed as a result of the protests that
he led. Before he returned to India with his wife and children in 1915, Mohandas K.
Gandhi had radically changed the lives of Indians living in Southern Africa.
7. Save the document as “Gandhiji.doc”.
8. Close the documents and exit Word.

Test Your Knowledge
Fill in the blanks

1. Word is a ______________________.
2. The point where your text gets added in the document is called the ________________.
3. The blank area where your text appears in a document is called the _____________.
4. The ___________ option is used to reverse the last action.
5. A Word document has an extension ______.
6. The ____________ option is used to save the same document in two different places.
7. The __________ option on the Office Button is used to close a document.
8. The ______________ key is used to erase the character to the left of the cursor.
9. The Redo option is present in the __________________ toolbar.
10. The ______________ gives you information on the number of pages in the document.
Key Words
Processer, Docoment, Intersection, Scroll bar, Status bar.

Chapter - 9 Internet
Learning Objectives
In this chapter, you will be able to understand;
Define the term Internet
Know the history of Internet
List the advantages of the Internet
Understand the services available on the Internet
Access the Internet
What is Internet?
Internet is an inter-connection between several computers of different types belonging
to various networks all over the globe. It is a network of networks.
The enormous power that the Internet gives your machine is mind-boggling. Sending
or receiving data within a matter of seconds to someone placed beyond the Pacific was
unimaginable before the advent of the Internet. Internet represents the transformation and
evolution of the entire information age. The flexibility, ease, and extent with which people
communicate using Internet actually bring out the power of communication when compared
to the other means of communication.
History of the Internet
In 1969, the Department of Defence (DOD) of United States of America started a
network called ARPANet (Advanced Research Projects Administration Network). It began
in a modest way with one computer in California and three in Utah. Later, to share the
software and hardware resources, the military allowed universities to join the network, from
where the students proceeded and developed much of the software, thus giving birth to the
popular network of networks called Internet.
Advantages of the Internet
The Internet is an ocean of information. The Internet has information on all topics,
which can be accessed by people across the globe with any kind of machine. The Internet is
simultaneously a:
Network
Medium
Market
Transaction Platform

As a Network
Organizations use the Internet as a link between office and employees, making the
Internet into a virtual private network. Such a network can be used to transfer official data,
conduct meetings and conferences etc.
As a Medium
The Internet allows effective communication for people dealing with product
marketing to corporate communications. For example, a company can advertise its products
to all its branch offices across the globe.
As a Market
The Internet is a vast virtual market place. A lot of companies promote their products
by advertising them on the Internet. Some Web sites even allow online shopping, that is, e-
shopping market. For example, the Web site www.amazon.com allows you to shop for books
and place orders online.
As a Transaction Platform
The Internet allows you to complete your business and financial transactions online
by connecting to your suppliers, customers or financial institutions.
Even though the Internet community has shared some principles in the past twenty
years, as such there are no strict rules that have been laid down for accessing data over the
Internet. However a society called the Internet Society (ISOC) is working towards setting
standards for all transactions over the Internet.
Internet Services
The Internet has grown enormously in the last few decades and every year sees new
and easier ways of accessing the information. However, there are sets of core features that
are considered essential tools on the Internet.
Some of them are:
E-Mail
Newsgroups
FTP
Search Engines
Chat rooms
E-Mail
Electronic mailing, popularly called E-Mail is the largely used feature on the Internet.
A number of service providers give you free e-mail accounts. E-mail is becoming very
popular when compared to regular postal mail because of its benefits like there is no postage
and no delay. Printing E-mail addresses on business cards is becoming as common as printing
telephone numbers.
Newsgroups
Newsgroups are discussions on a wide range of topics from recreational activities to
scientific research. Any Internet surfer can access some of these newsgroups, whereas in
some commercial newsgroups you need to subscribe and agree on not to forward any
information to others. You can read any article or write articles and post them. You can even
post follow-up articles and check for new article groups. You can use the e-mail facility to
communicate with fellow users. A Newsgroup of interest is comp, for computer professionals
FTP
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. The FTP application is used to transfer files
between computers. Several FTP sites permit you to access their files without establishing
an account with them. These sites are called anonymous sites. When you logon to such a
machine, on being prompted for password, it is considered polite to enter your E-mail address
as a password. However, pressing the Enter key would be sufficient. While transferring
files, it may be necessary to compress files to reduce the file size and thereby save time
while transferring it.
Search Engines
Search engines are Web sites that allow the users to search on keywords or a
combination of keywords. If the user wants information on music, then the user can type the
keyword music in the edit box. The user can also select any of the headings specified on the
page. For example, music can be found under Art and Entertainment. This is a link that
takes the user to a page that has a number of subheadings and information on the main topic.
The user has the option of selecting any of the subheadings to start another search. For
example, under music, if the user selects rock music, then the engine will return a page
having information on rock music that again might have list of bands playing rock music.
Search engines allow the user to access various levels of information.
There are also certain engines that provide information and also start a search on
various search engines available on the Web. Some examples of search engines are Google,
Yahoo, Excite, and AltaVista.
There are two main types of search engines. Some like Yahoo use the catalogue
system where you can locate resources quickly. Others like Google contain indexes where
you can search for required information using keywords.

To enable better searching, most search engines allow you to use logical operators in
search conditions. You can use an appropriate combination to specify the condition clearly.
A list of such operators is given in Table
Operator Meaning
AND Use this if all the keywords must appear in the results. Alterna
tively use the + sign.
OR Use this if you want to search for any of the keywords.

Wild cards Use wild cards (* or ?) if you want to search for various
combinations of the keyword.
Use a specific condition if a search results in too many matches. Conversely, generalise
the search condition if the search results in too few matches.
All these sites also provide a help feature that will guide you to perform efficient
searches.
Chat Rooms
The user can log on to certain Web sites and communicate with various other users
on-line by using an Internet chat software, which is an interactive software that allows the
user to type comments in one window and receive replies in another. Such Web sites are
called chat rooms. It is a conference kind of a system where users can have discussions on
various topics, ranging from what the world looked like in 9 B.C to what it might become in
3000 AD
Accessing the Internet
To access Internet, you need:
A computer - It should have at least 16 Megabytes of RAM is required, as it will

need to run several programs simultaneously.
A communication software - It resides on the computers hard drive. It enables the

computer to send and receive information on the Internet.
A telephone line - It is used to get connected to the Internet. When you are using the
Internet, you cannot make or receive phone calls.
A modem -Modem stands for Modulator – Demodulator. It helps your computer to

communicate with another computer. It converts digital signals to analog and vice
versa.

An Internet Service Provider (ISP) - Internet Service Providers are companies that
provide access to the Internet. ISP has computers that are always connected to the
Internet. The biggest service provider in India is VSNL. Figure 21.1 shows how to
access the Internet.
The computer is connected to the ISP through the telephone lines. The ISP will connect
you to the Internet through the satellites.
Types of Internet Access
There are two types of Internet access, Dedicated Internet Access and Dial-up Access.
Dedicated Internet Access
The Internet can be accessed directly. For this, you need Dedicated Internet Access.
A dedicated connection allows your computer to remain connected to the Internet 24 hours
a day. Usually, large companies and universities have such a connection. Dedicated lines are
expensive because they require special hardware.
Dial-up Access
In dial-up access, you have to dial the Internet Service Provider using the
communication software on your computer. In this access, Internet can be accessed only for
a fixed number of hours. There are two types of dial-up access, namely the IP account and
the Shell account. The main difference between the IP account and the Shell account is that
the shell account can access only text and not graphics where as IP account can access both.

The differences between Dedicated Internet Access and Dial-up Access are shown
Types of Internet Access

Dedicated Access Dial-up Access
Direct access to the internet Need to dial the Internet service
Allows your cornputerto remain providerto access the Internet.
connected to the Internet 24 hours a day Computer can be connected to the
Internet only for a fixed num ber of
hours.
Summary :
Internet is an inter-connection between several computers of different types belong-
ing to various networks all over the globe.
The first network, ARPANet, was developed by the Department of Defence (DOD)
of United States of America in 1969.
The Internet is an ocean of information accessible to people across the world, but the
way it can be put to use on various platforms is different.
Some of the services offered by the Internet are e-mail, newsgroups, FTP, search
engines and chat rooms.
To access Internet, you need a computer with a communication software, a tele-

phone line, a modem and an Internet Service Provider (ISP).
There are two types of Internet Access, Dedicated Internet access and Dial-up ac-
cess.
Test Your Knowledge
Fill in the blanks

1. ________ is an inter-connection between several computers of different types be-
longing to various networks all over the globe.
2. The first network developed by the department of defence is called __________.
3. _______________ are Web sites that allow the users to search on keywords or a
combination of keywords.
4. __________ are companies who provide access to the Internet.
5. ___________ is used to connect to the Internet.

6. A _________ connection allows your computer to remain connected to the Internet
24 hours a day
Key Words
ARPANET
Modem
Service Provider
Search Engines
Chat rooms

PROJECTS
1. Prepare a tree diagram of your family by using power Point.
2. Prepare a list of your friends names using word.
3. Type a small praragraph from your English textbook.

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ICT TEACHER HAND BOOK

State Council of Educational Research & Training,

ICT Teacher Hand Book i

Editing & Co-ordination

Dr. P. Jani Reddy Dr. N. Upender Reddy

Sri G. Gopal Reddy

Date: 24.05.2014 Director

Sl.No. Name of the Lesson Page No.

1. What is ICT - Benefit & Limitation of ICT 1 - 4

3. Working of a PC - Number System 13 - 16

4. Input & Storage Devices 17 - 22

ICT Teacher Hand Book iv SCERT, A.P. Hyderabad

 All abbreviations must be thoroughly practised by the teacher before teaching.

 Ensure all children get equal opportunities in practices.

 Students are able to operate and use the ICT tools.

 Students are able to learn subject-wise content by using ICT tools.

ICT Teacher Hand Book v

vi SCERT, A.P. Hyderabad

1 ICT Teacher Hand Book

SCERT, A.P. Hyderabad 2

3 ICT Teacher Hand Book

SCERT, A.P. Hyderabad 4

Understand what is ICT.

(1) The traditional computer-based technologies (things you can typically do

5 ICT Teacher Hand Book

SCERT, A.P. Hyderabad 6

7 ICT Teacher Hand Book

SCERT, A.P. Hyderabad 8

Different types of Mobile Computing Device, Types of Projectors and Types

9 ICT Teacher Hand Book

SCERT, A.P. Hyderabad 10

11 ICT Teacher Hand Book

The First Generation Computers

The Second Generation Computers

The Third Generation Computers

The Fourth Generation Computers

The Fifth Generation Computers

SCERT, A.P. Hyderabad 12

13 ICT Teacher Hand Book

ADD is the mnemonic for addition operation .

SUB is the mnemonic for subtraction operation .

LOAD is the mnemonic for load operation .

Mnemonic codes cannot be directly understood by the computer. Hence, each

SCERT, A.P. Hyderabad 14

Computer Aided Designing and Manufacturing

Fill in the blanks

7. For designing and manufacturing materials, _________________ is used.

Computer Generation, Robotics, Digital, Analog, Vaccume Tube

SCERT, A.P. Hyderabad 16

Binary Number System

Introduction to Number Systems

The Decimal number system contains 10 digits.

The digits used are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.

For example, in the number 356,

So, the value of the number 356 is written as:

17 ICT Teacher Hand Book

The digits used are 0 and 1.

Each number in a binary number system represents a power of the base 2.

SCERT, A.P. Hyderabad 18