Unit 2 Review MAT 139 College Algebra

1. Simplify the expression. Assume that the variables represent positive numbers.

a. ( 5b3c5 )( 4b6c 3 )
35b 8c 4
b.
25b 3c 9
1
Refer to page 115 (first page of Unit 2) for the complete sheet of exponent
 8b c  9 5 3
laws.
c.  3 2 
 27b c 
1
 34 61  
1 3

  
2
d. 5 x y 125 xy
  
e. ( 2b5c 2 )3 ( 3b4c 6 )2

2. Let f ( x )  3( 16 )x .
1 Recall that f(x) where x is some number is simply asking for you to fill all
a. Find f   .
 2 instances of x with that value.
 3
b. Find f   .
 4

4 3
3. a. Write using radical notation: x 5 y 5
Refer to 2.1 IV.
3 2
b. Write using exponent notation: xy

4. The graphs of f ( x )  ab x and g( x )  cd x are sketched below. Use only the graph (not your
calculator) to answer the following questions. Explain or show work for each answer.
f  x y g  x
20 a. What is the value of a?
19
18
17
b. What is the value of b?
16
15 c. What is the value of c?
14
13
12 d. What is the value of d?
11
10
9 Utilize this to find the equation of exponential graphs
8 with only two points: https://sciencing.com/exponential-
7
6
equation-two-points-8117999.html
5
4
3
2
1 x
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -10 1 2 3 4 5
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 This doesn't say that you can't use your
calculators regression feature.
5. Some values of functions f, g, h, and k are provided in the table below.
Enter values first with "Stat". Then hit
Find a possible equation for each function.
2nd + Y= to turn on stat plots. Then
hit Zoom + 9 to automatically zoom
x f ( x ) g ( x ) h( x ) k ( x )
into your stat plots. Determine the
0 80 80 5 5 appropriate graph and use regression
1 40 40 15 15 in the stats
2 20 0 25 45 -> calc menu.
3 10 -40 35 135
4 5 -80 45 405 Of course, it may be easier to do this
by hand. After all, these graphs
aren't difficult to solve for.
6. On March 1 there are 40 leaves on a tree. For a while, the total number of leaves doubles each week.
Let f (t ) represent the total number of leaves on the tree at t weeks since March 1.
Recall that in the exponential equation (y
a. Find an equation for f. = ab^x), a is the y-intercept and b is the
b. Find f (6) . What does your result mean in terms of the leaves? amount the equation is multiplied by.
c. Find f (52) . What does your result mean in terms of the leaves? In this instance, the starting value (a)
would be 40, and the rate of change (b)
would be 2, as it's being doubled.
7. The number of people who get chicken pox has declined by since the varicella vaccine became available.
In 1998, 4 million people in the US got chicken pox. This number has decreased by 13% per year.
a. Find an equation for g (t ) , the number of people (in millions) in the US who get chicken pox in
the year that is t years after 1998.
b. How many people got chicken pox in 2010, according to your model?
Refer to comment #6

8. The half-life of a radioactive element is 5 years. There are 12 grams of this element present now.
Let f (t ) represent the number of grams that will be present t years from now.
a. Find an equation for f.
Refer to comment #6
b. Use f to find the number of grams that will be present 27 years from now.

9. The production of ethanol in the US for various years is shown in the table below.

Year US ethanol production Refresher:

(in billions of gallons)
2000 1.6 Use regression on your calculator by
hitting
2002 2.1
2004 3.4 Stat -> Enter (enter data points)
2006 4.9 2nd -> Y= (turn on stat plots)
2008 9.0 Zoom -> 9 (determine model of graph)
Stat -> Calc -> Model type
2010 13.2

Let f (t ) represent the ethanol production (in billions of gallons) for the year that is t years since 2000.
a. Is it best to use a linear or exponential model for this data? Find an equation for a function that
models the data fairly well, using regression on your calculator.
b. If you chose a linear model, explain what m and b mean in terms of the situation. If you chose
an exponential model, explain what a and b mean in terms of the situation.
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 c. Predict the ethanol production in 2012.
d. According to your model, when will ethanol production reach 50 billion gallons?

10. The amount of money spent advertising a product affects the sales of that product. Suppose that
A thousand dollars are spent on advertising. The resulting sales, S (in thousands of dollars) are shown
in the table.

A S
20.2 335
22 339 Refer to comment #9
24.1 342
27.5 349
28.3 351

a. Is it best to use a linear or exponential model for this data? Find an equation for a function that
models the data fairly well, using regression on your calculator.
b. If you chose a linear model, explain what m and b mean in terms of the situation. If you chose
an exponential model, explain what a and b mean in terms of the situation.
c. Predict the sales if $32 thousand is spent on advertising.
d. According to your model, how much have to be spent on advertising in order for sales to reach
400 thousand?

x
3
11. a. Sketch a careful graph of the function f ( x)    .
4
Recall that in y = ab^x, b is the rate of change.
b. Using the same set of axes, sketch a careful graph of the inverse. This problem doesn't specifically forbid
c. Give the equation of the inverse function. calculator use, but we can get the best idea of the
graph with the table function (2nd -> graph).
12. Determine whether each function is one-to-one.
a. f ( x)   x 2  3 x  4 Use the horizontal line test to determine if a graph is one to one.
b. g ( x)  x 3  3 x 2  3 x  1

13. A graph of an exponential function f is sketched in the figure below.

a. Find f (2)
b. Find f (0)
c. Find f 1 (2)
d. Find f 1 (4)

Recall that inverse functions simply output the Y

value for your function. C and D are asking what X
is when Y is 2 and 4, respectively.

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14. Find an equation of an exponential curve that passes through the give points. Show all work by hand.
a.  0,5 and  4,83
Refer to comment #4
b. (3,10) and (8,2)

15. For the functions f ( x)  2 x  6 , g ( x)  x 2  x , h( x)  e3 x find:

a. ( f g )( x)
b. ( g f )( x) Recall that ( f o g)(x) doesn't equal (f*g)
c. ( f h)(0) (x). It is rather equal to f(g(x)).
d. (h g )(1)

16. Find an equation for the inverse of the following functions.

2x  8
a. f ( x) 
3
b. f ( x)  log 4  x  Inverse functions undo their counterparts.
c. f ( x)  3x

17. Here is a table of values of function f. Complete the table for values of f 1 .

x f ( x) x f 1 ( x)
1 21
2 17 Refer to comment #13
3 13
4 9

18. The average number of meals per person purchased at restaurants annually for various years are listed in
the table below.
Year Average Number of Meals
1990 121.0
1992 123.5
1994 126.0
1996 132.0 Refer to comment #13
1998 137.5
1999 139.0

Let M  f (t ) represent the average number of meals per person purchased at restaurants annually
during the year that is t years since 1900. An equation for f is f (t )  2.12t  71.01 .
a. Find an equation for f 1 .
b. Find f (125) . What does your result mean in terms of the situation?
c. Find f 1 (125) . What does your result mean in terms of the situation?

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19. Evaluate the following logarithms without using a calculator.
a. log 2 8 d. log(100) g. logb 4 b
1
b. log3  9  e. logb b h. log 6
36
1
c. ln  3  f. ln1 i. log9 (0)
e 
Recall that logarithms are, by definition, the inverse of exponents. Common
logarithms have a base of 10, and natural logarithms have a base of e. Refer
20. Solve the following equations. to page 168 for the power, product and quotient properties of logarithms.
a. logb (32.7)  5
b. 5log32 ( x  3)  1
c. 2e x  5  41
Refer to comment #19
d. 43x1  90
e. ln(12 x4 )  ln(4 x2 )  2
f. log4 (3x)  2log4 ( x)  3

21. How long will it take money invested at 4.2% compounded continuously to double? It wouldn't hurt to copy
financial formulas from 2.11.
22. How much money would you need to invest in a CD paying 3% annual interest in order to have $20,000
to buy a car five year from now? Refer to comment #21
23. A thermometer reading 72° is placed in a refrigerator with constant temperature 38°. After 2 minutes the
thermometer reads 60°.
a. What will the thermometer read after 7 minutes? Refer to page #181. At the time of making this
b. How long will it take until the thermometer reads 39°? we haven't covered it in class.

24. The number of farm workers in the US t years after 1910 can be modeled by the logistic equation
14.7
W (t )  where W is given in millions. Refer to comment #23
1  0.059e0.057t

a. Find W (0) and explain what it means in this situation.

b. How many farm workers were there in the US in the year 2010?

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Answer Key

20c 2
1. a. - 9
b
7c 5
b.
5b5
2b 4 c
c.
3
5
d. x 12
8c 6
e.
9b 23

1  3
2. a. f    12 b. f    24
 2  4

1 2
3. a. 5
x4 y3 b. x 3y 3

1
4. a. 4 b. c. 2 d. 3
2

x
1
5. f ( x)  80  
 2
g ( x)  40 x  80
h( x)  10 x  5
k ( x )  5  3
x

6. Complete a table for f (t ) .

t f (t )
weeks (leaves)
0 40
1 80
2 160
3 320
4 640

a. For every increase of t by 1, the value of f (t ) is multiplied by 2. f (t ) is exponential with base 2

and y-intercept 40. f (t )  40(2)t
b. f (6)  2560 . There will be 2560 leaves on the tree 6 weeks after March 1.
c. f (52)  1.80 1017 . The model predicts there will be 1.80 1017 leaves on the tree 1 year after
March 1. This is unrealistic, model breakdown has occurred.

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7. a. g (t )  4(.87)t
b. .75 million

t
1 5
8. a. f (t )  12   or f (t )  12(0.870551)t
 2
b. 0.28 grams

9. a. Exponential : f (t )  1.456(1.244)t
b. a = 1.456 means that in 2000, 1.456 billion gallons ethanol were produced
b = 1.244 means that ethanol production increases by 24.4% each year
c. 20 billion gallons
d. During 20016

10. a. Linear: S ( A)  1.931A  296.046

b. m = 1.931 means that sales increase by $1.931 thousand for every additional $1 thousand spent
on advertising
b = 296.046 means that with no money spent on advertising, sales are $296.046 thousand.
c. $357.838 thousand
d. $53.8 thousand

11. a. solid line below b. dotted line below c. f 1  x   log 3 x

4

y
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1 x
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10

12. a. No b. Yes

13. a. 1 b. 2 c. 0 d. -2

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14. a. y  5(2.02) x b. y  26.265(0.725) x

15. a. 2 x2  2 x  6 b. 4 x2  22 x  30
c. -4 d. e6

3
16. a. f 1 ( x)  x4 b. f 1 ( x)  4 x c. f 1 ( x)  log3  x 
2

17.
x f ( x) x f 1 ( x)
1 21 21 1
2 17 17 2
3 13 13 3
4 9 9 4

18. a. f 1 (M )  0.47M  33.50

b. 193.99; The average number of meals per person purchased at restaurants annually will be
194.0 in 2025.
c. 92.25; The average number of meals per person purchased at restaurants annually was
125 in 1992.

19. a. 3 b. undefined c. -3 d. -2
e. 1 f. 0 g. ¼ h. -2
i. undefined

20. a. 2.01 b. -1 c. ln(23)  3.135

d. 1.42 e. 1.57 f. 2.77

21. 16.5 years

22. $17,252.18
23. a. 45.4° b. 16.2 minutes
24. a. W (0)  13.88 which means that in 1910 there were 13.88 million farm workers in the US
b. 0.79 million

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