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Motivation and Values: Psych 215 February 1, 2017

The document discusses motivation and values. It covers topics like goals, both short and long term goals. It discusses idiographic goals and nomothetic frameworks for understanding goals. Schwartz's model of values is presented, which categorizes values based on the motivational domains they serve. Cooper's motivational model of substance use is also summarized, which categorizes motives for using substances as either approach or avoidance focused, and internally or externally focused. The importance of understanding motives is discussed. Research methods are briefly presented, outlining a longitudinal study of adolescents that assessed alcohol use, motives for using, and drinking problems over multiple time points.

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Jack Bistritz
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32 views16 pages

Motivation and Values: Psych 215 February 1, 2017

The document discusses motivation and values. It covers topics like goals, both short and long term goals. It discusses idiographic goals and nomothetic frameworks for understanding goals. Schwartz's model of values is presented, which categorizes values based on the motivational domains they serve. Cooper's motivational model of substance use is also summarized, which categorizes motives for using substances as either approach or avoidance focused, and internally or externally focused. The importance of understanding motives is discussed. Research methods are briefly presented, outlining a longitudinal study of adolescents that assessed alcohol use, motives for using, and drinking problems over multiple time points.

Uploaded by

Jack Bistritz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Motivation and Values

Psych 215
February 1, 2017

S
Mo#va#on

S  What do you want? How will you try to get it?

S  Goals and strategies


S  Goals drive behavior by influencing what you a;end to, think
about, and do

S  People do not always behave consistently with their stated


goals

15
Mo#va#on: Goals

S  Short-term and long-term goals

S  Idiographic goals
S  Current concerns
S  Personal projects
S  Personal strivings

16
Mo#va#on: Goals

S  Proper#es of idiographic goals


S  Conscious at least some of the #me
S  Describe thoughts and behaviors that are aimed at fairly specific
outcomes
S  Can change over #me
S  Assumed to func#on independently

S  Limita#on of idiographic goals


S  Goals are not theore#cally organized

17
Mo#va#on: Goals

S  Nomothe#c goals
S  May bring order to idiographic goals
S  Number of goals
S  McClelland’s three primary mo#va#ons: needs for achievement,
affilia#on, and power
S  Emmon’s five: enjoyment, self-asser#on, esteem, interpersonal
success, avoidance of nega#ve affect
S  Two: work and social interac#on

18
Motivations

S  How does personality manifest?


S  Motivated preferences and biases in the ways that people see
the world and cope in the world (Higgins & Scholer)
S  Values (Schwartz & Bilsky)
S  Concepts or beliefs
S  Pertain to desirable end states or behaviors
S  Transcend specific situations
S  Guide selection or evaluation of behavior and events
S  Ordered by relative importance
S  Motivation = “to move”
S  Toward a desired end state/goal
S  Away from an undesired one (Cooper)
Motivations and Personality
Schwartz’s model

S  Goal type
S  Terminal (e.g., equality, wisdom)
S  Instrumental (capable, obedient)

S  Interests served
S  Individualistic
S  Collective

S  Motivational domain
S  Prosocial
S  Restrictive conformity
S  Enjoyment
S  Achievement
S  Maturity
S  Self-direction
S  Security
Schwartz’s circumplex
Spotlight on Research

S
Cooper’s motivational model of
substance use

Approach Avoidance

Internally focused Enhance physical/ Cope with threats to


emotional pleasure or self-esteem or negative
excitement emotions

Externally focused Bond with others or Avoid social censure or


improve social gain other’s approval
gatherings
Why do the motives matter?
Research Methods

S  Longitudinal study
S  Adolescents
S  Up to 5 assessments across 15 years

S  Random-digit dial
S  Oversampled to achieve more racially/ethnically diverse sample

S  Alcohol use and motives


S  Structured interview

S  Drinking problems
S  Privacy envelope

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