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Experiment No.2 Half-Wave and Full-Wave Rectification Objectives

The document describes an experiment on half-wave and full-wave rectification. It involves building half-wave and full-wave rectifier circuits using diodes and measuring the output voltages. Key aspects covered include calculating theoretical voltages, measuring voltages using an oscilloscope and DMM, and analyzing waveforms and DC levels.

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Jhun Michael Locus
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381 views

Experiment No.2 Half-Wave and Full-Wave Rectification Objectives

The document describes an experiment on half-wave and full-wave rectification. It involves building half-wave and full-wave rectifier circuits using diodes and measuring the output voltages. Key aspects covered include calculating theoretical voltages, measuring voltages using an oscilloscope and DMM, and analyzing waveforms and DC levels.

Uploaded by

Jhun Michael Locus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No.

Half-Wave and Full-wave Rectification

Objectives:

To calculate, draw and measure the DC output voltages of half0wave and full-wave rectifier
circuits.

Materials:

DMM; Oscilloscope; Resistors – (2) 2.2-k ohms. (1) 3.3-k ohms; Diodes – (4) Silicon; Function
generator.

Theory of Operation

The primary function of half-wave and full-wave rectification systems is to establish a DC level
from a sinusoidal input signal that has zero average (DC) level.

The half-wave voltage signal of Fig.2.1, normally established by a network with a single diode,
has an average or equivalent DC voltage level equal to 31.8% of the peak voltage Vm.

That is

Vdc = 0.318 Vpeak volts (Eq.2.1)

The full-wave rectifier signal of Fig.2.1 has twice the average or DC level of the half-wave signal,
or 63.6% of the peak value Vm.

That is

Vdc = 0.636 Vpeak volts (Eq.2.2)

For large sinusoidal inputs (Vm >> VT) the forward-biased transition voltage of a diode can be
ignored. However, for situations when the peak value of the sinusoidal signal is not that much greater
than VT, VT can have a noticeable effect on VDC.

Figure 2.1 half-wave voltage signal

Figure 2.2 full-wave voltage signal

In rectification systems the peak inverse voltage (PIV) or Zener breakdown voltage
parameter must be considered carefully. The PIV voltage is the maximum reverse-bias voltage
that a diode can handle before entering the Zener breakdown region. For typical single diode
half-wave rectification systems, the required PIV level is equal to the peak value of the applied
sinusoidal signal. For the four diodes full wave bridge rectification system, the required PIV level
is again the peak value, but for a two diode center tapped configuration, it is twice the peak
value of the applied signal.

PROCEDURE

PART 1. Threshold Voltage

Choose one of the four silicon diodes and determine the threshold voltage, VT, using the
diode-checking capability of the DMM or curve tracer.

VT = __________________

PART 2. Half-Wave Rectification

a. Construct the circuit of Fig.2.3 using the chosen diode of Part 1. Record the measured
value of the resistance . Set the function generator to 1000 Hz, 8-Vp-p sinusoidal voltage using
the oscilloscope.

Figure 2.3 Half –wave rectifier

b. The sinusoidal input (e) of Fig2.3 has been plotted on the screen of Fig.2.4. Determine
the chosen vertical and horizontal sensitivities. Note that the horizontal axis is the 0V line.

Vertical Sensitivity = __________________

Horizontal Sensitivity = __________________

c. Using the threshold voltage of Part 1, determine the theoretical output voltage vO for
the circuit of Fig 2.3 and sketch the waveform on Fig.4 for one full cycle using the same
sensitivities employed in Part 2(b). Indicate maximum and minimum values on the output
waveform.

d. Using the oscilloscope with the AC-GND-DC coupling switch in the DC position, obtain
the voltage vO and sketch the waveform on Fig.2.5. Before viewing vO be sure to set the vO = 0V
line using the GND position of the coupling switch. Use the same sensitivities as in Part 2(b).

Compare the results of Parts 2© and 2(d)?


e. Calculate the DC level of the half-wave rectifier signal of step 2(d). Assume the
positive pulse of the waveform is equal to one-half the period of the input waveform when
using Eq. 2.1

VDC (calculated) = __________________

f. Measure the DC level of vo using the DC scale of the DMM and find the percent
difference between the measured value and the calculated value of part 2(e) using the following
equation:

𝑉𝐷𝐶 (𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑) − 𝑉𝐷𝐶 (𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑)


%𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | × 100%
𝑉𝐷𝐶 (𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑)

VDC (measured) = __________________

(%Difference) = __________________

g. Switch the AC-GND-DC coupling switch to the AC position. What is the effect on the
output signal vo? Does it appear that the area under the curve above the zero axis equals the area under
the curve below the zero axis? Discuss the effect of the AC position on waveforms that have an average
value over one full cycle.

h. Reverse the diode of Figure 2.3 and sketch the output waveform obtained using the
oscilloscope on Fog 2.6. Be sure the coupling switch is in DC position and the vo= 0V line is preset using
the GND position. Include the maximum and minimum voltage levels on the plot as determined using
the chosen vertical sensitivity.

i. Calculate and measure the DC level of the resulting waveform of Fig. 2.6 Insert the
proper sign for the polarity of VDC AS DEFINED BE Fig. 2.3 Assume the positive pulse of the
waveform is equal to one-half the period of the input waveform when using Eq. 2.1

VDC (calculated) = __________________

VDC (measured) = __________________

Part 3. Half-Wave Rectification (continued)

a. Construct the network of Fig. 2.7. Record the measured value of the resistor R.

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