Chapter 24
Chapter 24
Chapter 24
PREPOSITION
I.WHAT IS PREPOSITION?
fuT-{ <Tsjtr rc
I bought a book. (qffr .!sF <E frsrqft{Tr r)
ft-qfrru<<tsl6Esr s<
I bought a book for you. (qfr NW{ q-fi .!-sF <R ffiqlq r)
.!q $<tiF6o .{sE word "for" Tl{qio Rc{rR r <t< qd qE .q-dl" I q?]:T <]-LFj
eX ({-sD <? ftook) cr{f< +att <-qj qcr-6S r fr-q frqT <R-sl <tfr sR q{i C<'iI
qcTRq Et <ql qcve I <Frt qcrrq cs <tE ca-.Filn q-d.t (for you)
c+al qc<rq r qdlq
for'ffi <ie< ltccl cup1g (you)cY-68 11fi-ce r €l c-1u;F ef$TF,. qffiA-
book for you
q({E q<t I q sR-{frc'{<t$lsrE.t flV I
Put this box between ihese two tables. (€Q ETb dRrE< qRflfiRl
srgF n=t r)
1. Simple Preposition
1. Simple Preposition : q{ {sff{ freposition arfl {f,g '!TF'fq;
CqT{ s At, by, with, of, off, from, through, after ffi r
2. Double Preposition
2. Double Preposition : ql {{fl{ preposition ar{.| EtE q{T
preposition q< q{8, fr-q $lil 6-s qsfr preposition q< IE TIq oc<; sdls a
We lowered the boat Fntol tt,n sea. (q-q4 ffi {tl6< lFlqll l)
€1116{ onto= on+to.
Grammar : Preposition 443
3. Compound Preposition
3. Compound Preposition : 6€Ft noun, adjective, RI adverb €K
qI{ Csl4 simple preposition {s SC{ ({ prepositio., {Ss ql l5'rf$
compound preposition {fE I C{I;I 3
behind : (:be)+hind.
bv beside = by(=be) + side'
along = on(=i1*1onn. beyond = by (:be) + yond'
before = by (=be) + fore. between + by (=be) + tween' ffi,
about = on (=61l'60 (=b)+out.
q6Ef +-<t, compound preposition E6S qs<m {$tr by-preposition F be-
F q<( on-preposition F a-F R"iTqRs EcTrq I
4. Phrase Preposition
4. Phrase Preposition : Phrase Slrs TCE IC{ qICW? qR <l v(qfks
q-S \5{q ic-tCO
word €4-CGI R"tq q<5F qfQ part of speech q< I\5 <lf$l <Kqs
{6{ Phrase. qf< qsF Phrase <{{ €sfr preposition q< $5 s'fq S-C< s{4
E{fS <fE phrase preposition.
c{:FT 3 There is a pond trTt."t Jl our house. (slTlch3 <t&< rTFI{
qsfi "1g-{v.tdq r)
: qE
$lIC{ in front of before= >f|TC{ l sfqi{ m{l Ctl6l in + front + of
ffi word frrq qsBqq preposition before-€st sl-q F6{CQ I
'!slr{ 3
qRetq
I could not pass the exam Ftpit";Tl my harci work' (odrR
crq€qlfr qft$F fll-ls-scs ttRR r)
We worked at home lt"tt"ilTl going to school. (qlT{l TIE 4t fiTT <l
nt\3{t{ qR<16<t&ro omor<k4l r)
qfi ET-{
I could not go to school F;.*r*;l ryry illness. $qW-F v-d1
csrc qRfi r)
F;6t] myself, I know nothing about it. (as for = about: I"{C{)
5. Participle Preposition
5. Participle Preposition : $E$46{[ present participle (verb+ing)
€K( past participle (verb €K p. p.) preposition €3 qs <l{qs qC{ all6s I
6.Disguiseap*o3"ir"titlGtiGT":tfilposition-F{{tu
'a' €R( of-preposition tr{ flfu 'o'TJ-{qE q{ I q{Cq <jTqs
E6E qlq-n6S
disguised preposition <1 qqf<{Elfr preposition T6al I Disguise-€K qd q{
EqtrIrt I cqT{ s
The poor man went on begging ({R< ffi[+F Gl;l a'63 6{-+ 1;
4t<'frsfr<-El q{
The poor man went a-begging, eRrqs qd qSE {Irs ; q{f6{ on
begging=6-!egging.
((S(al a-€ disguised preposition. €3[Cef
The hunter decided to go a-hunting. (Ffalft Ffsl< fifir* <.R< Fmfs
frq,)
Now it is 10 o' clock (:of clock) in the morning. (q"F qofq h-{Bt
<lrw r)
q{lfis O' (:o0 €
disguised preposition.
qF{[< Csf{ <l-rSl' preposition q<f<-qs <l Eq alf{rg {lr<
CSI-{ I C{ q?r
Cs-G€ ES preposition CS {ql qn disguised preposition. C{rFt 3
He comes here once (in) a day. (c{ q{IF frr{ ca-a1-a qkq. t)
1 -FIqT
T<clT-{ s
(a) Preposition T53ll5-{ noun, pronoun, il noun phrase (-<F-dE q{ I
(q|c'y1rr)
(b) Preposition otb--cfot< I (5'R/"ilF/E.<fis)
(c) Disguisd preposition-€ on qSI {h-FI-€R( of St <qfq-<I{.Qs
E{ I
at, with, beyond, before, out of, in front of, a-begging, o' clock,
regarding.
- Ans. 1. (g) for, disguised. (f) participle (e) simple (d) compound (c) a-
'o' b)RT (a)qlcol I
Prepositional Object
6{ noun, pronoun, { noun phrase-€R gftti preposiiion Tltld\5 qT qf$
TFT prepositional object. Sqfe' & noun, pronoun, Kl noun phrase frfo vqq
<F[qg preposition €i object {6{ I qR ,4q"F{i preposition q< "ffi pronoun
ffi objective case ?[J=[QE E{ I CTsFI 3-
Inc. I looked at he.
Cor. I looked at him.
at-preposition €K 'lC{ he {l TC{ him Trlf,{l sl{'t; him qq q{C{
pepositional object.
Inc. You looked for I. Inc. We sat by they.
Cor. You looked for me. Cor. We sat by them.
Inc. He took the pen from she. Inc. He lives with he.
Cor. He took the pen from her. Cor. He lives with him.
q"tr "F-
I have no brother.
I can live with him.
aTI qtTs Relative Pronoun "whom" <Fl{-{ S'C{ {w F-tr6E rtI€TI <I{-l
have no brother whom I can live with. (ql{K CfF qQ OQ qf< q'lCq 9ffr
efls(E "lIR r)
€rllC{ Relative Pronoun "whom"-€Itr ql[sl il K'C{ with preposition fr
<l-{dEEfT'Cqq< ffi-ftfu-qCE t e-sl6{ There is no chair here which I can
sit on.
<t-siBlg which s'{ "l{fl<t on 4l Ttri s[ qL< fr@C< <ITCR r
€rl]-rry yRE s-sfr frr{{ TE, q|*, <t &R{ r vR uF*Fir+ frrn wi esF s-,q
sfcQ, 6TT{ I
wrapped a piece of cloth about my finger. (qfi ql.IT<
B
qT{-{< DRfllrt qs ?ls stlv q-g{1l
r) 1. (cr[c+ about = around)
(iit qfs-About €K eltr<-sB qdqq EF <t $tql+.tR 1 6.q..{ qT,ttr{ fi.ru-{ AB
?q-i, u|-s, g qfu r CD qteiD AB q< 6D-R ff{lqj
<-<t
eit, qaf* ${ (aUout) ne q<
Esr
AB
. _
ERCE <ail {'t_rl This stick is about six inches long.
(iv) b"mce B She came to our house about that matter. (m cqt tIF+
Gfics vtltcn-< <rQ-cs <raFo r.1
At
(i) qq 3 c$tq qRT{ frffi r+tq qr{-Er-+rs 1-<rrs at <r{qE R-a I
-
448 A Passage to the English Language
at
.!$:3 -+ OY
:,1r;
qq-sFq cclIa<iflKB c{r<fi{'l(E. I
By
(i)
"flr.t s fr(5-{ frre v SE qsF aq, W "l]rq qlr<oF {q Z TCTcq I '91q-<
qcF ${ q-r6{<mo {6f, by <K{K sitp qr< I
ZY
sF{[q ffi?tl {1.31, Rahim sat by me. (<fu qffi{ "tl6,t TCcRE r)
(ii)sTqffiJlrG-rr,qlrf[q s c{{Fbt4ffiqfr-<K-He will return by
5P.M.
E[rR$?[, by 5 P.M. <6fts 5 Bf< qm R 6sl;{ c{-s'rs {<ffcs ell6<, qr< sl
E6< 5Ef{ 31sfuslR IAB G{l<-<fc<qlqrsffif
q<tsrd 5 BK ffi{ m' n' o
yo-r----*ry Z
yfr(gi4l Rrn Z c+ fun q<'F &R'{ cs{l1q t q<iel (F6I by
GrE cq"fi q.tcq
<I<'qsq{ I
/4. Y-V,
n---t
t_l
Put the book on the tabte. (6ReqK $"ta sE:fr mq)
I
APTEL_29
t
l>,
To
(i)fr-s, Ed cqc.F 6qq fiffi ft'co c frru-{ GrE 6qrt qFE re,rq $to qtrc
q{j q-sFfrr+qq-ffiqrq qql cq"[{E6{'R I
to i
q
>oY
to Dhaka.
cq:F{ s I am going (qfi 6lol <tfu r) i
Tsl <fi oqltF <q-cq s"F cq EIsl calrs wr-{fl srs A R-{cs I c{ EFFRI
I
I
!
(v)ffi.tm c He was sentenced to the jail' (vlr+ cqrq fl5l{ .,
C{ r) I
Burn the letter to ashes. (GSFco c'fl-gFcs canglrc I
:
I
qtt<Ift.-T cqq r) I
Grammar : Preposition 457
Within
(il C<FFTqtr{{{c{t s ficE-dfraF cql s{( "t-a<ffEqR{qsrEl "rs e
{fi m o x<cr6s ,g 9lr< slcc (D .{< slT4( cs]q fr'{ sm c<r<flIs w< l) \51{cE
q6iNq{
He will not come within three hours but he will come within {our
hours.
qsf(E<6{l{l{-
We will finish the work within a month.
(iii) trl{ ff:$ sl'rcg 3 Live within your means. It is not within the
area of my authority ('sfi qFl-{ qqsR <ttca t)
T6m$tr Preposition '{Ad TI{{CT{ qT{{{-s ql-C€rt6-{l t
lN or INTO
qdts <ftt< c{rs cstl' {M xBrg qtF a$.t{ qftffi {'l{i iPP6 q6a €s"|
$ltr\c IN<l lNTo <rrdsq{ I c$FI3
He went in (into) the classroom' (o ctftom cm r)
IN OT INSIDE L-/
vdte, rq4 g*q qrq (<,Rm celcs <trqqI) <t lBre €n+i E!firs i
Tsrs
, Grammar : Preposition 453
OUT OF
qdts, asl{ fiffi qT carr$ cfi qcr qc{ roFr sfq qci er"f Trfl[-{ out of
<FrdEq{ IRI;I3
The ball went out of the playground. (<tF l1rt{ {lEr< Ert ctlaf t)
He came out of the kitchen. (cc <lXTs-{ calm cfi {cT €a r)
OUTSIDE
c I
qdR, cslq fiffi qlrl-{ NEKcqfrs E?r€ lbrs c€Fr etq <]tm.{pcqq T$;
c€F sM mtq frffi qlcq< <lEr< rbcq e6q T{IFT outside {t{q-s q{ I c{',iFr 3
Outside the room, we saw a snake. (1lr-flF< <ttr< ql-<t qFF qiq
cq-alqlq t)
ON (or ONTO)
u
C{'.{{ S She put the pdn on lor onto) the table.
6trE T3r, 6Rr,E< atr* cam o-q{E qI{ 6Rc-+*E"fE <l?fi q[q. I
ON
454 A Passage to the English Language
c€R srq{ trfi c$f{ s.M q}rq q{1{<tlcg on iKdE qs I qrsGr ft-E
<lR< cers stsTB .scc \rffi{ b"tr< sbcq 4]' I c{5Ft 3
The boy was standing on the table.
o
rsFr 86ffi (cr-sr{-<) b"f* cqn-o cst-{ Tfq & vqF< {ft( FIT q?rq qa"i
{<llFI off <KavE{ | R'{{ 3
Keep you feet off the table. (6frra-{ celcs ctl-Wfi ?K <1"1 t)
Help me get my luggage off the table. (dkt cafs c<-{tF qRc* Gfl<
q-{ qrItrFqlqlqir-{ t)
c{cq ffiig
vsq< $r< I csr{' qtr{-< E-{rq-{ ctceJ qq frft'cr {T{RIksqr< qsF $Iq lbr{
q$q{4TrqE$t along<J-{qsE{ I c{5FI3
Go along this road. (eq TM *tlfi:Its r)
I walked along the river side. (qftqftqi<-<Ta<,{Faq;;
qd q(q, qRk
"ffutdq{<flr in <r<-q\5 qr I crl* qlr.K Tc{i cft{ olq
calrsTIqB $i€ $i\o cssrfii ft6q qlTq{1, €s"t {<fl-co in <lTds ql rErqr
El{rc{ 3
456 A Passage to the English Language
IN
ftre .cs6 qK6 W{< Rv ca6 fr1<rxrq r qsft q<,ff !tr{r$ ffi.l
43t-CQ I C{:F{ 3
/i.t.t :z
INTO
tjW(i ,,li.
lr/
(e) In, by, before-Period of time <l cq[T< <i"tR (t tfuci T<flTs in €{(
point of iime fiffi N{<rno
Ri by {l before <Kq\5 q{' c{'tq-{ 3
ALMNOPQB
--F-tffif-,r-?+
frrq ml! qft-qr+ ffi T-fl {c-s,q r c+le rrq AB wcr< qcql <1 qfrrfi
\-C$s?r{ g'rSTE inKj:tdsq{ | ffi5FI B
i shali come back in a week.
ft-q n, L, M, N, o, P, Q, <l B Er frc-qr ffrffi wd; sMtr !tr< wi
<l{qs S{ I C$Ft 3
q-{"1E<fl-C4 by RI before
i shall come back bv/before the seventh of this month'
lwtR cQ $cq< cFo srRe"R w{ ftq qr?q. qq,
qw{^r)
(0 Since, for-csl-n frffi {Rd c{rs (sat, {-H t-sirfq) 16-r^
6tG EF pa- q54 te-fljq Tit(e since <j:Iqs ES I CT{-{-
lO--
Ir
| 10th January
I
l
|
H
tOctober
He has rvlng nere slnce 993.
Fffi qE {4{1ss "fut.s
<t{dE q-q I
He@roa+.
crF fiffi ft-df<l< I<flres since KI{QE R{ I
ftq csr{ fiffi 1p * $m {fr q'qcTr< c]b {fu]'f $fir iol{ci for Tl{ds
qTt
HO
6P.m
T<Il{ ECTIS 1 ffi! rfl'{ 5
(4-6) = 2 Sa r q6S-Cq for <K5\5 qr< 3
458 A Passage to the English Language
I have been reading for two hours.
ftq ffi 4 p. m €rgq n-<-co urR ur<q RcKv q5q g
I have been reading since 4 p. m.
v't<re c$fr6qq{q4sls-{ s
O>g
1990. ..4yrs .. Igg4
qrll6{.ER <q< (1994_1990) qR_',
nq<lT s_{e_He has been living
here for four years.
- ft-q Ue has been living here since 1990.
g{lr
ir'
(g) By, with-sta Tk stTt q(? Et< {ft:l.?l qr{ by €{( R rrl <t S"rqq
kl$+rqBs-{tqTg:r4rcq-<qk'l with Trq I RsFr s
The snake was killed by the boy with a stick.
(h) Between, among-EQrs{ {c{t c+lq Tfq qtrq
T{ll-cs between
<Kqeqr rc{{'{ 3
Gro cqolt <fcue c{ frq F{ Eqqrd< Tc{t v}'i s'c{ cq-{t Rcq r qsfi a14ri.t{
s-fi<ls B
Distribute the fruits between Rahim and Karim (or the two men).
(di stribute : .e-lts' K ril\l)
qel{ Eft-s.{qfE-svfu<tcq11llFr among <Fresq_s
'frrF, I
ftrq 6q=tl <tcq c{ Ee q< qfqo ai$T 6Ercs-{ {c$ (DR qfi{ {c$')
o-\gserEl +q qd s-GI 6q'fl qcDq I q(s?cE among <jirqg qr< I
Grammar : PrePosition 459
Distribute the fruits among the four brothers (or Rahim' Karim'
Shabu, and Titu).
In, after-Future iI Present (indicating future) tense € in €{( past
(i)
tense-€ after (FI-QE E{ I C{5l;I 3
He will come in a week' (Future)
He came after a week. (Past)
(j) In, on, to-schlt cTrfi ql q{firT cFE
qr{lF{tTdl qr{cq I
Inc. He left 05n{ T<E) the village with bag and baggage (gfusgf
c.s).
Cor. n6 teft the village bag and baggage'
Inc. We listened to his statement (fr1fu) with attentively'
Cor. We listened to his statement attentively'
Inc. She tried with heart and soul.
Cor. She tried heart and soul (Tfl 4lc"l)'
I Preposition { prepositional phrase €3t tf{ noun, noun phrase tK{ I
---------J on foot
--------9 by water
----------+ by air
We went there -----------e by land
----------J by launch
-+ ______> by bus
---------) by train
----_-_--+ by plane
----------r by airbus (RaF)
--------t by aeroplane
f fir'{ <]-sl'efqtlg preposition-q< <r{-{< qTj aK s
You sat with your back to the wall' (E^fi 6nTRE ftb <rcRE t)
frc-T
qburegl r)
^ She ieturns home betfieen 5 p'm and 6 p' m'
Now it is 15 minutes past 10' (ctrt n$f 6{ffi 'ffi
frFtB r)
Now it is 15 minutes to 10. (€rl{ qlfi <Iwro "f+< frGb <Ift r)
go to Khulna'
We have come from Dhaka and we want to
It is a long way from Dhaka to Khulna' (trlsl ccl(s fi{t sc+S "tcl t)
Our village stands on the Pashur' (fls< {fu ftc< Wrtcq{
EIT t)
(vl{ ffi cfFsl {'qs c{ q{s l)
For all his money, he is dishonest'
We broke through the crowd' (qln-{[fr9 Fffiqdq-{€l{ l)
He fell down the hill.
The boat sailed down the river'
Do not run in the sun.
She died of cholera.
He died from hard work.
The bird {lew over mY head'
q{f54 fffif g{, .;
ffi'-*lo frR< Eq< frc-T r foT-{ Srql qrqrq <l{ffi
qrc<
T3[{ CSCa 3
\
OVER