ANTI-THIEF ALARM

A project

Presented to

Mrs. Charito Claro

University of Southeastern Philippines

Obrero, Davao City

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirement in

Industrial Electronics

By:

Piamonte, Paul John

Parreño, Joshua Jay

Aspacio, Karlo Angelo O.

Cabug-os, Justine

Maiz, Vejaymer
 ABSTRACT

We obtain and design an electronic device called Anti-thief alarm system that will be installed in
home and in a private places. This design will help the security of the your place or home. In this
project we use Silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR),buzzer, resistors, LED, and Battery. Another component
is the Printed circuit board for electrical connects electronic components. All components are connected
in the PCB by a given circuit system. The device will alarm when the SCR is exposed with the light and in
opposite, it will not. We use 1000 ohms and 1500 ohms resistor in the circuit because if the LED have
too much current it will destroyed. The use of the resistor is to limit the current flows through the LED.
And the battery for the source.
 DEDICATION

We dedicate this project to our God Almighty, the creator who gave us knowledge, strength,
wisdom and understanding. To our beloved parents who support us financially, physically and spiritually.
To respected teachers who teach and guide us to our journey. And lastly, to ourselves who’s doing
everything to finish this course and to have a better future to support our family someday.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All glory to Almighty GOD, who is entire source of knowledge and wisdom endowed to mankind.

All thanks to GOD who gave us the faith, hope and ability to complete this project successfully.

We owe a debt of gratitude to our respected teacher Engr. Charito Claro, who guide us with her
worthy knowledge.

We thankful to our respected teacher for the encouragement.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Abstract i

Dedication ii

Acknowledgement iii

Table of contents iv

List of Figures v

List of Acronyms vi

Glossary vii

Introduction

Methodology

Result and Discussion

Conclusion and Recommendation

Reference
 LIST OF ACRONYMS

SCR- Silicon-controlled Rectifier

PCB- Printed Circuit Board

LED- Light-emitting Diode

 GLOSSARY

LDR - An LDR is a component that has a (variable) resistance that changes with the light intensity that
falls upon it. This allows them to be used in light sensing circuits.

LED - Stands for "Light-Emitting Diode." An LED is an electronic device that emits light when an electrical
current is passed through it. Early LEDs produced only red light, but modern LEDs can produce several
different colors, including red, green, and blue (RGB) light.

Piezo buzzer - produces sound based on reverse of the piezoelectric effect. The generation of pressure
variation or strain by the application of electric potential across a piezoelectric material is the underlying
principle.

Resistor - is a passive electrical component to create resistance in the flow of electric current. In almost
all electrical networks and electronic circuits they can be found. The resistance is measured in ohms. An
ohm is the resistance that occurs when a current of one ampere passes through a resistor with a one
volt drop across its terminals. The current is proportional to the voltage across the terminal ends.

Thyristor – A solid-state semiconductor device with four layers of alternating P and N type materials.
Mainly used as switch.
 INTRODUCTION

In our community, security is one of our major priorities. Technology always do its best to come up
with something that could help us when it comes to securing our properties and ourselves, just like CCTV
Camera and other device that could monitor our daily activities. But what if we come up with a device that
could help us warn when there’s an absence of light? A device that when someone or something passes
through that could cause an absence of light then stops the operation of the device for us to notice it. In this
project, we tend to use the absence of light for security purposes and by the help of LDR or Light Dependent
Resistor, our concept can be achieve. LDR is component that has a (variable) resistance that changes with the
light intensity that falls upon it. This allows them to be used in light sensing circuit. There are many
applications for Light Dependent Resistors such as camera shutter control in camera and lighting switch that
we will be using. In our project, Light Dependent Resistor serves a significant role because it will function as a
switch.
 METHODOLOGY

We used experimental method in conducting the study because it involves trial and error to gather
desired results..

Procedure of the study

In order to create the desired result, we followed these procedures:

1. Creating a diagram - We searched for the best yet economical diagram to base on. We also
checked the material if it is easily accessible.
2. Gathering the materials - We gather all the materials needed for our circuit to work.
3. Testing - First, we tested our diagram if it is working properly. Next, checking for possible
changes to apply that can be useful for our experiment.
4. Troubleshooting - Analyzing how the circuit works. What each component provides for the
circuit. We also checked the connections properly. Checking for the polarity of the components
is also important since were handling DC voltage.
5. Soldering – We soldered all the components based on our schematic diagram. Placing the
components in the right place since where handling led and LDR in our circuit. Light emitting
components may hinder the performance of the LDR.
6. Finishing – We place our PCB in an earbuds container. Placing the LDR at the top portion of the
container to provide adequate space for the LDR to sense light.
 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Material Quantity Price

9v battery 1 50
1k resistor 2 1
1.5k resistor 1 1
Buzzer 1 38
SCR 1 26
LDR 1 10
Connecting wires (2 meters) 1 10
Total 136

The resistance is very high in darkness, almost high as 1MΩ but when there is light that falls on
the LDR, the resistance is falling down to a few KΩ (10-20kΩ @ 10 lux, 2-4kOmega; @ 100 lux)
depending on the model.

A light dependent resistor works on the principle of photo conductivity. Photo conductivity is an
optical phenomenon in which the materials conductivity reduces when light is absorbed by the material.
When light falls i.e. when the photons fall on the device, the electrons in the valence band of the
semiconductor material are excited to the conduction band. These photons in the incident light should
have energy greater than the band gap of the semiconductor material to make the electrons jump from
the valence band to the conduction band. Hence when light having enough energy is incident on the
device more & more electrons are excited to the conduction band which results in many charge carriers.
The result of this process is more and more current starts flowing and hence it is said that the resistance
of the device has decreased.

As the LDR is present in light, the resistance decreases and the current can now flow in the
circuit causing to energize the led and the buzzer to illustrate a hint of the alarming alert.
 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

We there for concluded that the desired circuit was successful tested on breadboard and then
implemented on dotted pcb. The LDR is a variable resistor whose resistance decreases with increase in
light intensity. When the light falling on an LDR has normal intensity, its Resistance is large enough and
the voltage across resistor is insufficient to trigger the thyristor. However, when light falling on LDR is of
large intensity, the Resistance of LDR falls and voltage drop across resistor becomes large enough to
trigger the thyristor. Consequently, the buzzer sounds the alarm. It may be noted that if the strong light
comes the buzzer continues to sound the alarm. It is because once the SCR is triggered the gate loses its
control.

This concept not only ensures that our work will be usable in the future but also provides the
flexibility to adapt and extend, as needs change. This work may include the study of energy saving
system, instead of using battery to have source it can be replace into solar.
 REFERENCE

http://www.resistorguide.com/what-is-a-resistor/

https://www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-components/piezo-buzzer

https://techterms.com/definition/led

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-7/silicon-controlled-rectifier-
scr/

https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/power/thyristor.html