Fish Product Standard and Method Manual

FISH PRODUCTS STANDARDS
AND METHODS MANUAL

7 15/07/98
TO: All Holders of the Fish Products Standards and Methods Manual
SUBJECT: UPDATE TO GENERAL FRESH AND FROZEN FINFISH PRODUCT STANDARD
The purpose of this bulletin is to advise manual holders of an update to

Chapter 3, Standard 3 - Fresh and Frozen Finfish Product Standard - of the
manual.
Please change Section 7. Examination Methods, number 7.5 to read (modified text
is indicated by a double underline):
"In the case of whole or dressed fish, the entire sample unit is to be
examined in its presented form, using the criteria outlined in Section 5,
for the determination of taint, decomposition and unwholesomeness. A
thorough examination is to be made of the belly walls for evidence of
perforated or broken bellies caused by enzymatic action of the stomach
content (autolysis). If the fish are not eviscerated, the inspector must
cut open the belly cavity and remove the entrails in order to examine the
belly walls. Should there be evidence of perforated or broken belly
walls or other signs of decomposition then the entire unit is further
examined for flesh odours by tearing or making a cut across the back of
the neck such that the exposed surface flesh can be evaluated for
decomposition or taint.
Where no broken or perforated bellies are encountered, a minimum of at

least 10% of the declared weight of each unit, or a minimum of 10 fish,
whichever is greater, will be further examined for flesh odours by
tearing or making a cut across the back of the neck."
The standard will be amended shortly to reflect the above modification.
Cameron Prince
Director
Fish, Seafood, and Production Division
6 15/07/98
SUBJECT: PARASITE TOLERANCE FOR FRESH AND FROZEN GROUNDFISH AND FINFISH
Note: This bulletin supersedes bulletin no. 2 of 18/03/94
The purpose of this bulletin is to advise manual holders of an interim change

to the parasite tolerance for fresh and frozen groundfish and finfish. This
change is based on the draft Codex General Standard For Quick Frozen Fish
Fillets. This will only apply to the detection of nematode and copepod
parasites. Effective immediately the following criteria are to be followed
when assessing these products for parasites.
Only nematodes or copepod parasites having a capsular diameter of greater

than 3 mm, or if not encapsulated, a length of greater than 10 mm will be
considered in determining whether the lot is acceptable with respect to
parasites.
a) For packs less than 1 Kg, an average greater than or equal to 2

parasites per Kg from the total sample will result in rejection of
the lot. This will be determined by dividing total number of
parasites found in all sample units by the total weight of all sample
units.
Example: a sample of 6 units of 400g each would be rejected if 5 or

more parasites were found.
Total weight = 6 X 400 g = 2.4 kg
Parasites per kilogram = 5 ÷ 2.4 = 2.08
b) For packs of 1 kg or greater, a sample unit will be considered

unacceptable when the number of parasites per kilogram detected is
greater than or equal to 2. The lot will be considered to be
unacceptable when the number of unacceptable sample units exceeds the
acceptance number found in the sampling plan.
Cameron Prince
Director
Fish, Seafood, and Production Division
4 21/06/96
SUBJECT: COMMENSAL/PARASITIC CRABS - NEW ZEALAND MUSSELS
The purpose of this bulletin is to inform manual holders of the tolerance for
instances of commensal/parasitic crabs which have occasionally been found in
shipments of frozen New Zealand mussels. These small crabs, which are known as
pea crabs, reside naturally inside New Zealand mussels. They do not pose a
health threat but they could be considered aesthetically offensive to the
consumer.
The following tolerance will be applied to all future shipments of New Zealand
Mussels:
A unit of New Zealand mussels will be considered defective for the

presence of foreign material if any crabs are found during the course of
an inspection.
The lot will be considered unacceptable if the total number of sample

units found defective for the presence of crabs exceeds the acceptance
number for the sample size designated in the sampling plans.
When the Fresh/Frozen Molluscan Shellfish Product Standard is finalized the

above tolerance will be integrated in the standard.
David Rideout
Director General
Inspection Directorate
3 30/05/94
SUBJECT: EXTRANEOUS MATERIAL IN SEMI-PROCESSED SHRIMP
The purpose of this bulletin is to inform all manual holders of the tolerance
for extraneous material in semi-processed shrimp destined for further
processing and labelled as such.
A unit will be considered defective if:
4 or more pieces of seaweed (singly or in combination) which exceed

25 mm in total length are found in a 1 kg sample unit. This
tolerance is to be prorated for sample-unit sizes other than 1 kg; or
a sample unit contains 5% or more, by weight, of juvenile fish or

shellfish.
B.J. Emberley
Director General
Inspection and Enforcement Directorate
Fish Products Standards
and Methods Manual
24/06/05
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2: CANNED PRODUCTS
Standard 1: Canned Tuna

Standard 2: Canned Sardines
Standard 3: Canned Shrimp or Prawn
Standard 4: Canned Crab
Standard 5: Canned Clams
Standard 6: General Canned Shellfish
Standard 7: General Canned Finfish
Standard 8: Canned Salmon
CHAPTER 3: FRESH AND FROZEN PRODUCTS
Standard 1: Fresh and Frozen Groundfish

Standard 2: Fresh and Frozen Shrimp or Prawn
Standard 3: General Fresh and Frozen Fish
Standard 4: Fresh and Frozen Scallop
CHAPTER 4: PICKLED, SPICED AND MARINATED PRODUCTS *
CHAPTER 5: SALTED AND/OR DRIED PRODUCTS *
CHAPTER 6: PREPARED/SECONDARY PRODUCTS *
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 - APPROVED THERAPEUTANTS FOR AQUACULTURE USE
APPENDIX 2 - BACTERIOLOGICAL GUIDELINES FOR FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS
APPENDIX 3 - CANADIAN GUIDELINES FOR CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS AND TOXINS IN FISH

AND FISH PRODUCTS
DEF 1
New 31/03/90
DEFINITIONS
Ammonia The odour/flavour stimulus usually associated with

ammonia production from such processes as protein
breakdown and illustrated by ammonia-based cleaning
compounds.
Bilge The odour/flavour stimulus associated anaerobic bacterial

growth and which is illustrated by the intense rank odour
of bilge water.
Blocks Cohering fish flesh consisting of fillets, pieces of

fillets or minced fish flesh which have been frozen in
uniform rectangular shapes for further processing.
Boned Fish fillets in which a major effort has been made to

remove bones including pin bones.
Boneless Fish fillets in which the processor has removed all bones
including pin bones from the product.
Broken With respect to fresh and frozen shrimp, a portion of

shrimp containing less than five segments for counts less
than 150/kg (70/lb) and less than 4 segments for counts
greater than 150/kg (70/lb). Also known as pieces.
Candling The process used in the detection of parasites by placing

fillets on a clear translucent lighted surface.
Cartilage With respect to crustaceans, this term is used to refer

to hard or pliable chitinous endoskeletal structures such
as tendons or connective tissues.
Chalky Texture Dry and powdery, leaving the sensation of a chalky

solution in the mouth.
Defrosted Fish A process by which fish is changed from the frozen state
to a thawed state under controlled time and temperature
conditions such that the internal product temperature
does not exceed 4bC after the thawing has been completed.
DEF 2
New 31/03/90
Dehydration A white or yellow abnormality on the surface of frozen

fish which masks the colour of the flesh and penetrates
below the surface. This defect caused by the sublimation
process can only be removed with a knife or other sharp
instrument.
Distinct* Capable of being readily perceived (by sight, smell,

touch or taste) through a sharp clear unmistaken
impression, not blurred, obscured or indefinite.
Faecal The odour/flavour stimulus such as that associated with

sewage.
Feedy The odour/flavour stimulus resulting from the food

consumed by the fish.
Fillets Slices of fish flesh of irregular size and shape have

been removed from the carcass of the fish by cuts made
parallel to the backbone, and from which all internal
organs, head, fins, bones, except intramuscular or
lateral bones and all discolored flesh have been removed;
or, slices of fish flesh described above that have been
cut into sections.
Fresh Natural raw fillets or minced fish which has not been
changed to any other state by freezing, cooking, curing,
etc.
Frozen Fish that has been changed from the natural (fresh) state
to that in which the thermal centre of the product has
been frozen to a temperature of -21bC or colder, and the
fish is maintained at a temperature of -26bC or colder.
Fruity The odour/flavour stimulus such as that associated with

citrus fruits.
Head With respect to shrimp, the cephalothorax, or any portion

thereof large enough to contain an eye.
Honeycombing A condition characterized by decomposition of the flesh

resulting in pitting of the meat, occurring sometimes on
the surface of the cut of the meat, but more often in
between the layers of fish flesh and corroborated by the
presence of histamine.
DEF 3
New 31/03/90
Hydrogen Sulphide The odour/flavour stimulus associated with rotten eggs.

A reference is hydrogen sulphide gas.
Iodoform The odour/flavour stimulus associated with some iodine

compounds, and having a chemical-like or medicinal
quality. A reference is triiodomethane.
IQF (FSI) An acronym for individually quick frozen fillets.
Jelly Fish flesh which has an abnormally high moisture content

of 86% or more by weight resulting in the flesh having a
gelatinous texture and a glossy translucent appearance.
Layer Pack A fillet pack where the fillets are individually

separated by cellowrap.
Liver Stain A discolouration ranging from yellow to dark brown caused

by intestinal contents contacting the flesh of shrimp.
Mealy Texture Soft, dry and friable (easily crumbled), like meal.
Minced Fish Particles of fish flesh that have been separated from
clean, sound fish material free from internal organs,
heads and discolored flesh.
Musty The odour/flavour stimulus associated with the presence

of mold or mildew decay of wood. A reference is geosmin.
Oxidized Oil The odour/flavour stimulus associated with the oxidation

of fats or oils.
Persistent* Existing without significant change; not fleeting.
Pungent A sharp or stinging sensation of an odour such as that of

aldehyde.
Putrid The odour/flavour stimulus associated with the advanced

decay of protein.
Rancid The odour/flavour stimulus associated with oxidized oil

or an oil such as linseed oil.
DEF 4
New 31/03/90
Readily Detectable Visible under normal inspection conditions and

procedures; not requiring artificial aids such as
magnification.
Saltfish-like The odour/flavour stimulus such as that associated with

saltfish.
Sickly-sweet An odour/flavour stimulus having an unpleasant or cloying

sweetish characteristic, such as that of chloroform.
Sour The odour/flavour stimulus associated with acidic

compounds such as vinegar and characterized by a pungent
sensation.
Sour Milk-like The odour/flavour stimulus associated with the bacterial

breakdown of milk.
Vegetable The odour/flavour stimulus associated with certain

vegetables such as turnips or cabbage.
Vein With respect to shrimp, the visible intestinal tract

which runs dorsally along the abdomen.
Yeasty The odour/flavour stimulus associated with the primary

fermentation process as illustrated by the production of
wine or the rising of bread.
* Persistent and distinct are not applicable to trace or slight odours such as
slight fruit, slight vegetable or slight salt fish-like, or slight musty.
Sampling 1
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SAMPLING POLICY AND PROCEDURES
1. SCOPE
This document outlines the regulations, policy and procedures

governing sampling of fish and fish products subject to inspection by
the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA).
2. AUTHORITIES
Fish Inspection Act (FIA), R.S.C. 1970, c. F.-12

Fish Inspection Regulations (FIR), C.R.C., c.802, Part I, General.
Consumer Packaging and Labeling Act (CPLA), 1970-71-72,c.41, s.1.

Consumer Packaging and Labeling Regulations (CPLR)
Food and Drug Act (FD and A), C.R.C. c. 869

Food and Drug Regulations (FD and R)
Weights and Measures Act (WMA), C.R.C. c. 1605

Weights and Measures Regulations (WMR)
Part 1, sect.3.i (FIA)
The governor in council may, for the purpose of regulating the export
or import of fish and containers make regulations [,] i) prescribing
the manner in which samples of any fish can be taken.
Part 1, sect.4.1.c (FIA)
Subject to subsection (1.1), an inspector may at any time [,] c) take

any samples for inspection.
Section 3 (FIR)
Subject to subsection (2), these regulations apply only in respect of

fish and containers intended for export or import.
Section 4 (FIR)
All fish are subject to inspection and an inspector may take samples
of fish free of charge for the purpose of inspection.
Sampling 2
New 28/05/99
Section 5 (FIR)
The owner of fish or a person acting on his behalf shall make readily
accessible to an inspector any fish or containers for which inspection
or reinspection is required under these regulations. All fish are
subject to inspection and an inspector may take samples of fish free
of charge for the purpose of inspection.
3. DEFINITIONS
Aseptic Sampling - sampling performed using sterile apparatus and

methodologies to prevent microbiological contamination of the sample.
Attribute Sampling Plan - the decision to accept or reject a lot is

dependent on the number of sample units which have or do not have a
particular attribute, property or characteristic.
Container - any type of receptacle, package, wrapper, or confining

band used in packing or marketing fish.
Consumer - the final user of a product.
Cull - removal of non-compliant units from a lot.
Destructive Inspection - an inspection in which the container or

product is destroyed, modified or rendered unusable.
Inspector - a person designated as an Inspector pursuant to Section 17

of the Fish Inspection Act.
Lot - with respect to fish, other than fresh fish, means a shipment or
part of a shipment of fish that is of the same species, is processed
in the same manner by the same producer, is packaged in the same size
of container and bears the same label. A lot of fresh fish refers to
a shipment or part of a shipment of fish which has been processed in
the same manner by the same producer in a 24-hour period. For fresh
fish, the lot may contain more than one species of fish.
Lot size - the number of units of product in a lot.
Non-destructive Inspection - an inspection in which the container is

not destroyed.
Sampling 3
New 28/05/99
Pre-packaged product - any product packaged in a container in such a

manner that it is ordinarily sold to, or used or purchased by a
consumer without being re-packaged.
Random Sample - one in which all elements in the lot have an equal and
independent chance of being included in the sample.
Representative Sample - one in which the sample units selected for the
sample exhibit all the attributes of the lot proportionately.
Sample - a collection of one or more sample units selected from a lot

for inspection. The sample comprises all of the sample units drawn
for examination or testing purposes from a particular lot.
Sampling Plan - specifies the number of sample units required to make

an accurate inspection decision (acceptance or rejection) on a lot.
The number of sample units required may depend upon the net weight of
the units, the number of units in the lot, and the type of hazard
associated with the inspection analysis being performed.
Sample Size (n) - the number of sample units comprising the total
sample drawn from a lot or production.
Sample Unit - one of a number of individual containers, or a portion

of a fish or primary container examined or evaluated as a single unit.
4. POLICY
4.1 General
Only samples drawn in accordance with current, approved procedures by

CFIA inspectors or other authorized personnel will be acceptable for
Agency evaluation.
Any intervention or interference during sampling must be noted and

reported because it may invalidate sampling.
A lot shall not consist of more than one species of fish with the
exception of lots comprised of fresh fish.
Sample continuity is essential. Samples should be assigned a unique

number, labeled with all pertinent information, and logged for
Sampling 4
New 28/05/99
continuity purposes.
The integrity and condition of samples must be protected to ensure

proper evaluation of the sample. Analyses will not be performed on
product which has been compromised (damaged or deteriorated) in a
manner which would result in an improper evaluation.
The selection of a sample for inspection should result in an official

Inspection Report being issued to the owner or representative of the
lot upon completion of the inspection.
4.2 Sampling Plans and Inspection Levels
Sampling plans are necessary to query one or more characteristics of a

lot because not every unit in a large lot can be inspected. Sampling
plans are designed to ensure defensible, statistically valid decision
making regarding the acceptance or rejection of a lot.
For sensory, chemical indicator, package integrity and net content

analyses, CFIA has adopted the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations)/WHO (World Health Organization) Codex
Alimentarius Sampling Plans for Prepackaged Foods (CAC/RM 42-1969).
See Appendix A for details.
Selection of the appropriate Inspection Level is dependent on the

current stage of inspection. Inspection Level I is chosen when the
quality of the lot is not in question as in initial inspections.
Inspection Level II is used when the quality of goods is in question
and a referee method is required for the examination or re-examination
of the lot (re-inspection). An increased number of sample units
affords greater protection against the inherent risk associated with
sampling.
The sampling plan for Container Integrity analysis was adopted from
the Visual Inspection Protocol (VIP) developed by the Department of
Fisheries and Oceans, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, and Health
Canada.
The sampling plan for microbiology and chemistry was adopted from the
International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods
(ICMFS).
Sampling 5
New 28/05/99
5. PROCEDURES
The purpose of this section is to assist the inspector in the tasks of

lot identification, equipment selection, sample selection, sample unit
determination, sample storage and transportation, and sample labeling.
The concepts of sample integrity and continuity are also addressed in
the following sections.
5.1 Required Equipment
Use equipment, materials and apparatus which are appropriate for

maintaining the condition of the sample in sample collection.
When drawing samples, ensure there is no potential for cross-

contamination from equipment, materials and apparatus (e.g., aseptic
for micro).
List of suggested equipment, materials and apparatus:
- forms as appropriate (master carton label report, Fish Inspection

Worksheet, Visual Can Inspection Worksheet, Permission to Move
Fish Under Detention form)
- Notice of Detention/Notice of Release/Held tags
- inspector notebook
- hand coverings (plastic gloves, rubber gloves)
- safety boots and rubber boots (for plant inspections), hard hat,
coveralls, hairnet
- adhesive CFIA tape and clear adhesive tape
- utility knife
- marker
- hand towels
- plastic bags (various sizes), tags and labels
- flashlight
- thermometer
- sanitizer and saw
- cooler and ice packs
5.2 Locating and Identifying the Lot
Ensure all containers of product are available and accessible for

sampling. Where applicable, obtain the following information prior to
inspection to ensure the correct lot is being sampled:
Sampling 6
New 28/05/99
- reason for inspection (e.g., initial inspection)

- location of the lot
- name and address of agent/owner
- lot size (number of cases, containers per case)
- lot codes and their interpretation
- brand name
- product type and style of pack
- container type and unit weight
- processing establishment
- country of origin or destination
- requirements for importing country when an export certificate is
being issued.
5.3 Defining the Lot
Define the lot in accordance with the definition given in Section 3.0.
When dealing with fish or fish products which possess the same label,
but are packaged in different styles (e.g., different sauces) consider
the different styles to be of one lot.
5.4 Defining a Sample Unit
Define the sample unit according to the following instructions:
a) When a lot consists of pre-packaged product, each package and the

package thereof constitutes a sample unit.
b) For fresh and frozen groundfish block and groundfish fillet or

fresh and frozen finfish, the sample unit shall consist of a
container of fish and the contents thereof.
c) Use one of the following three approaches when sampling from bulk
packages:
i) the sample shall consist of the bulk package and the

contents thereof;
ii) for fresh or individually frozen whole or dressed finfish

or fresh or individually frozen finfish fillets, the
individual fish or fillet may be considered as a
representative sub-sample;
Sampling 7
Amend.no 6 06/10/99
iii) for scenarios other than described in section ii), a 1 kg

sub-sample of product obtained from the bulk pack may be
considered a representative sample.
Note: Refer to the sampling section of the individual product

standard for further guidance.
d) In lots consisting of salt or pickled fish packed in boxes or

barrels, the container constitutes the sample unit. Inspect the
entire contents of the container.
e) When a lot of fresh fish consists of more than one species, all
of the sample units used to form a sample shall consist of one
species type.
f) When inspecting large fish, each fish constitutes a sample unit.

When an inspector has confidence a representative sub-sample may
be obtained from a large, whole fish, the sub-sample becomes the
sample unit. The sub-sample must be obtained in a manner which
does not compromise the integrity of the sample.
To obtain a representative sub-sample from large, whole fish for

chemical and microbiological analysis, take three 1" slices from
each of the following areas: 1) behind the pectoral fins,
2) halfway between the first slice and the vent, and 3) behind
the vent. These three slices form the sample unit, representing
the large fish.
When sampling for sensory analysis, the three slice method

described above is recommended. If in the inspector’s view,
fewer or more slices are required to make an accurate decision on
the quality of the lot, the inspector may exercise his/her
discretion to decide what constitutes a representative sample
unit for that fish. If the inspector decides only one slice is
required as a representative sub-sample from the fish, the one
slice should not be taken from behind the vent because this slice
does not usually exhibit signs of early decomposition.
5.5 Determining the Number of Sample Units Required
Determine the number of sample units required. The sample units

needed for other analyses may be drawn from the units selected for
sensory evaluation.
Sampling 8
New 28/05/99
When a sample unit is drawn for more than one analysis, ensure the
sample unit is of sufficient mass to perform all of the required
analyses.
When microbiological analysis is required, submit the samples to the

microbiological section for analysis first to ensure the integrity of
the sample is not jeopardized.
For export certificates, there may be instances where the number of

sample units required may be specified. Follow the directions
associated with the export certificate.
5.5.1 Sensory, Net Content and Package Integrity
The sampling plan for these analyses is the Codex Alimentarius

Sampling Plan for Pre-packaged Foods (CAC/RM 42-1969) found in
Annex A. Decide which inspection level is appropriate (Level I for
initial inspections and Level II for re-inspections).
Using the parameters of net weight per sample unit and the lot size
(see Annex A), determine the number of sample units required for
inspection. Note that the Sampling Plan in Annex A applies to
destructive and non-destructive sampling for net content.
5.5.2 Container Integrity
When sampling, if any wet, stained or damaged cases are detected, stop
sampling. Detain the entire lot until the source of the problem is
determined. Once corrective action is taken, resume sampling.
If at any time during sampling, a leaker, swollen can or flipper is

found, discontinue sampling until the lot has been evaluated to
determine if the defect(s) is(are) due to under-processing or post-
process contamination.
Initial Inspection
! Draw 200 sample units from a minimum of 40 cases with no more

than 5 sample units being selected from each case.
! For lots with less than 200 sample units, inspect all units.
Record the total number of containers on the report form.
Sampling 9
New 28/05/99
Re-inspection
! Select a minimum of 250 cases. Draw 1250 cans from the cases but
do not select more than 5 cans from one case.
! When there are fewer than 1250 units, examine each unit and
record the number on the report form.
5.5.3 Sampling for Microbiological Analysis
5.5.3.1 General Procedures
It is essential that all samples accurately reflect microbiological

conditions at the time that sampling is performed. To maintain sample
integrity, follow the procedures listed below.
! Procure the samples aseptically so as to not contaminate the

sample.
! Draw five sample units (minimum of 250 g per unit) per lot unless
otherwise specified.
5.5.3.2 Sampling Running Water
! Collect the five sample units of water in clean containers of

suitable size. Use a container with 100 to 200 mL capacity for
routine water analysis.
! To obtain a representative sample from a tap, open the tap fully
and allow the water to run for 2 or 3 minutes or a sufficient
time to permit clearing of the service line.
! Leave sufficient head space in the water sampling container so
the sample can be adequately mixed by shaking.
5.5.3.3 Procuring Ice Samples
! Take five sample units of ice from the ice storage area in
sterile plastic jars or bags. Maintain the frozen state of the
ice.
5.5.3.4 Sampling Raw Shellfish
! Examine samples of shellstock, shucked unfrozen shellfish, and

live shellfish within 24 hours after collection. When analysis is
unavoidably delayed beyond 24 hours, report the actual time
elapsed between collection and analysis.
Sampling 10
New 28/05/99
! Use heavy plastic bags (6 mil gauge) for shellstock collection to

ensure that shells to do not puncture the plastic and compromise
the sample integrity.
! Take 5 units of 12-18 shellfish per unit. This number should
ensure the selection of 10 sound animals suitable for shucking.
Ensure the shellfish yield approximately 200 g of meats and shell
liquor.
! Aseptically transfer the shellfish to the sample jar with sterile
forceps or alternatively, samples of the final product may be
taken in the packing cans or containers.
! Consumer packages are acceptable for examination.
5.5.4 Sampling for Chemical Analysis
5.5.4.1 General Sampling
! See Annex B for descriptions of chemical analyses.

! Chemical analyses require five sample units for initial
inspection. For re-inspections, a sample size of ten units is
required. For re-inspections of chemical indices analysis, use
Inspection Level II of the sampling plan given in Annex A.
! Perform chemical analyses on edible tissue.
! Sample units chosen for chemical analysis should not undergo any
adulteration (such as rinsing with water) which may change the
chemistry results.
! All chemical analyses are performed on the edible portion of the
product.
5.5.4.2 Additive and Proximate Analysis
! Draw five sample units each consisting of a minimum of 100 g.

For sample units which are less than 100 g, submit all of the
available sample for analysis.
5.5.4.3 Product Safety Parameters and Drug Residues
! Draw five sample units each consisting of a minimum of 200 g.

! When sampling for drug residue analysis, sample 5 entire fish or
full fillet.
! Ensure that samples submitted for drug residue analysis are not
exposed to areas or equipment where medicated feed has been
stored or used.
Sampling 11
New 28/05/99
5.5.4.4 Chemical Contaminants
! For lots which contain fish or fish products of similar size,

draw five sample units each consisting of a minimum of 100 g.
Mercury: For lots which contain fish or fish products of varying
sizes, draw five units which represent the size distribution in
the lot.
5.5.4.5 Chemical Indicators
! The sampling plan for chemical indicators is analogous with that

for sensory evaluation (Annex A). After performing the sensory
evaluation, forward what remains of the sample to the chemistry
laboratory immediately.
5.5.4.6 Other Chemical Testing
! For species identification testing, draw a minimum of five

individual fish or fillets. Store the fish or fillets in five
individual containers.
! For other types of chemistry sampling, draw five units of 100 g.
5.5.5 Sampling for Shellfish Toxin Analysis
5.5.5.1 Import and QMP samples
! Take 5 units of 12-18 shellfish per unit. This number should

ensure the selection of 10 sound animals suitable for shucking.
Ensure the shellfish yield approximately 200 g of meats and shell
liquor.
! When sampling geoducks (Panope generosa), take three animals.
Analysis is conducted on the viscera of the three animals.
! When sampling crabs, take three animals. Analysis is conducted
on the viscera of the three animals.
5.5.5.2 Molluscan Shellfish Monitoring Program
! Take 1 unit of 12-18 shellfish. This number should ensure

selection of 10 sound animals suitable for shucking. Ensure the
shellfish yield approximately 200 g of meats and shell liquor.
Sampling 12
New 28/05/99
5.6 Selecting Sample Units
Select a systematic random sample from the lot. Please refer to

Annex C for further instruction. When an inspector thinks it is not
possible to draw a true random sample, the inspector may draw a
representative sample from the lot.
5.7 Labeling Samples
a) Record details of sampling in a notebook (i.e., lot location, no.

of samples drawn, unique identification no., time of sampling,
codes drawn).
b) Ensure all samples are accompanied by a completed sample

information form. Include the following information where
appropriate:
- type of analysis required (sulphite, net weight, etc.)

- country of origin
- collection date and time
- packer and packer code
- shipment identification number
- held tag number (if product is detained)
- lot size and unit weight
- samplers's name
- lake code (body of water and landmarks), statistical area
and sub-area
- length and weight of fish (contaminant sampling)
- number of units sampled
- plant name and registration number
- harvest site (shellfish samples)
- harvest date (shellfish samples)
- processing date
- species and product type
- farm and pen information (farmed fish)
- inspection status and type (Alert, QMPR, random, etc.)
- name of importer
- analyses required for export certificate
- cost recoverable (yes/no)
c) Include any other relevant information when requesting chemistry

analyses which would assist in performing the analysis or
assessing the results, such as:
Sampling 13
New 28/05/99
i) for packaged fish, a copy of the label;

ii) observations of abnormal odours, taste, colours, or
texture; and
iii) for species identification, the common name as labeled on
the package of the product and the suspected substituted
species.
d) Mark or tag all samples using waterproof markers for

identification purposes. In the case of large whole fish, tag
each fish. Include the sample sheet in a separate plastic bag
with the sample. Mark pre-packaged products as soon as the unit
is drawn.
e) Analyze the samples as soon as is practical after collection.
5.8 Sample Storage and Transportation
5.8.1 Special considerations regarding sample shipping and storing:
a) Microbiology
i) Until the sample is analyzed, maintain the sample under

conditions which will preserve the original bacterial flora
as completely as possible. Maintain the sample at a maximum
of 5 degrees Celsius. In some instances, samples must be
frozen. Do not freeze samples unless the laboratory has
been consulted. Freezing is undesirable because bacterial
numbers may decrease in the sample.
ii) Fresh samples must be refrigerated (5 degrees Celsius)

until analyzed. When storing samples, remember that
analysis of unfrozen product should take place within 24h
of sampling. Note the time of sampling and the time of
analysis. Reports must state whether or not the samples
have been frozen.
iii) Refrigerate (do not freeze) samples of shucked or live

shellfish immediately after collection by packing in
crushed ice and keeping them in ice until examined. The
shellfish must not come into direct contact with ice. Care
must be taken with these samples to minimize cold shock by
insulating these samples from direct contact with
refrigerant while still ensuring samples are chilled. For
Sampling 14
New 28/05/99
example, frozen ice packs can be placed below and above the
samples with insulating layers of newsprint or other food-
quality insulating material placed between the refrigerant
and the sample.
iv) Water samples: The bacterial examination of impure water

and sea water samples must begin within six hours of
collection. The storage of water samples should not exceed
24 hours. Should this time limit be exceeded, record the
actual time between sampling and analysis.
b) Proximate analysis and chemical indicators
Curtailing bacterial growth and limiting autolytic spoilage is

facilitated through temperature control. Keep the product at a
temperature below -20 °C where possible. Do not leave thawed
samples on bench for any long period of time. The growth of
bacteria in the sample may influence the analysis of the product.
For proximate analysis, prevent the dehydration of the sample.
5.8.2 Sample Storage
Ensure that the integrity of the sample is maintained by proper

storage. Maintain the state of the sample.
a) Keep frozen samples in a freezer (at -18 oC) or in a carton/cooler

with ice packs and ship the sample as quickly as possible to
ensure that the sample remains in the frozen state.
b) Store unfrozen samples at refrigeration temperatures (below 5 oC).

When the time of storage is lengthy, it may be necessary to
freeze the samples.
c) Keep cans at ambient room temperature.
5.8.3 Sample Shipping or Delivery
Samplers may have to ship samples to another location for testing or

the samples may be delivered to other inspection personnel at the same
location. When providing samples to other inspection staff at the
same location, ensure the other staff are notified (with a hard copy
of the sample sheet) and information regarding the location of the
sample (freezer, cooler, etc.) when the sample is delivered.
Sampling 15
New 28/05/99
When shipping a sample:
a) make arrangements with receiving person at the laboratory prior

to shipping the sample;
b) address the shipment to the person and include the person's phone
number;
c) ensure perishable samples are properly marked for handling by the

carrier;
d) advise the laboratory of the estimated arrival time of the sample

and the carrier information. If the inspector is not able to
contact the laboratory or if the microbiology sample delivery
cannot be completed within 24 hours, he/she should consider the
merits of sampling at another time; and
e) take special precautions when transporting samples of canned

product that are obviously swollen or under pressure. Place
swollen cans in plastic bags and transport inside a box or
cooler.
5.9 Receipt by Laboratory
Log in the samples upon arrival at the laboratory, noting the time
received and the condition at the time of receipt (i.e., physical
damage, temperature). If the condition compromises the sample
integrity, the sample may be rejected.
Check the sample information form to ensure all pertinent information

has been included. If the form contains insufficient information,
contact the inspector for the missing information (additions to be
dated and initialed).
6. SAMPLING FOR EXTERNAL ORGANIZATIONS
Fish Inspection personnel may receive requests to perform sampling for

external groups or organizations (e.g., provincial governments, other
federal government departments). In these instances, the external
organizations may have sampling policy and procedures that differ from
those specified in this document. Please follow the procedures
Sampling 16
New 28/05/99
specified by the organization requesting the sample when it is for

their purposes.
7. ANNEXES
Annex A - Sampling Plans
Annex B - Categorization of Chemical Analyses
Annex C - Systematic Random Sampling

Sampling A-1
New 28/05/99
ANNEX A
SAMPLING PLAN
(Inspection Level I)
Net weight is equal to or less than 1 kg (2.2 lb)

Lot Size (N) Sample Size (n)
4,800 or less 6
4,801 - 24,000 13
24,001 - 48,000 21
48,001 - 84,000 29
84,001 - 144,000 48
144,001 - 240,000 84
more than 240,000 126
Net weight is greater than 1 kg (2.2 lb) but not more than 4.5 kg (10 lb )
2,400 or less 6
2,401 - 15,000 13
15,001 - 24,000 21
24,001 - 42,000 29
42,001 - 72,000 48
72,001 - 120,000 84
more than 120,000 126
Net weight is greater than 4.5 kg (10 lb)

600 or less 6
601 - 2,000 13
2,001 - 7,200 21
7,201 - 15,000 29
15,001 - 24,000 48
24,001 - 42,000 84
more than 42,000 126
Sampling A-2
New 28/05/99
SAMPLING PLAN
(Inspection Level II)

4,800 or less 13
4,801 - 24,000 21
24,001 - 48,000 29
48,001 - 84,000 48
84,001 - 144,000 84
144,001 - 240,000 126
more than 240,000 200
Net weight is greater than 1 kg (2.2 lb) but not more than 4.5 kg (10 lb )
2,400 or less 13
2,401 - 15,000 21
15,001 - 24,000 29
24,001 - 42,000 48
42,001 - 72,000 84
72,001 - 120,000 126

600 or less 13
601 - 2,000 21
2,001 - 7,200 29
7,201 - 15,000 48
15,001 - 24,000 84
24,001 - 42,000 126
Sampling B-1
New 28/05/99
ANNEX B
CATEGORIZATION OF CHEMICAL ANALYSES
Chemical analyses of samples can be divided into five categories: (A) additives
and proximate analysis, (B) product safety parameters and drug residue, (C)
chemical contaminants, (D) chemical indicators, and (E) other chemistry testing.
If categorizing the analysis proves difficult, consult the testing laboratory.
A) Additives are chemicals added to the product during processing in order to

preserve it in some manner, modify the colour, modify the taste, or alter
the characteristics of the product. The application methods for these
substances may vary which affects the distribution of the substance in the
product. Substances included in this category are sulphite (bleaching
agent), benzoate (preservative), and saccharin (sweetener).
Proximate Analyses are those analyses used to determine the components of

a product and the percentage of those components in a product including
fat, protein, moisture.
B) Product safety parameters are those parameters which are used to curtail
bacterial growth in a product and prolong the product shelf life. The
parameters may be used in combination in a product or only one parameter
may be controlled to prevent bacterial growth. Salt, water activity, and
pH are included in this category.
Drug Residue is residue that has resulted from the application of anti-
biotics or similar substances to the fish to prevent or treat disease.
Tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol are included in this
category.
C) Chemical contaminants are substances which are present in the fish

products as a result of the environmental conditions to which the fish was
exposed. Organic contaminants concentrate in the lipid portion of the
fish whereas inorganic contaminants are more uniformly distributed
throughout the muscle (protein) tissue. Mercury, PCBs, and Mirex are
included in this category.
D) Chemical Indicators (quality indices) are substances which are produced

from decomposition processes that are occurring in the fish. Chemical
testing is often used to corroborate results from sensory analysis.
Quality indices include histamine, indole, and total volatile base
Sampling B-2
New 28/05/99
nitrogen (TVBN).
E) Other chemistry testing refers to testing which does not correspond with
one of the afore-mentioned categories. The tests contained in this
category cannot be grouped with other tests. Species identification by
electrophoresis is included in this category.
Sampling C-1
New 28/05/99
ANNEX C
SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING
1. Identify the N units in the population to be sampled by serially numbering

them from 1 to N.
2. If a sample of size n is desired, find an integer k, called the sampling
interval, where k=N/n. (round up)
3. Randomly select a number j between 1 and k.
4. The required systematic sample is then produced by the population units
corresponding to the numbers: j, j + k, j + 2k, ..., j + (n-1)k.
Example:
Lot of 2.2 kg packages of frozen, block shrimp
Number of cases: 2000

Boxes per case: 6
Lot Size (N): 12,000 cases
Number of sample units required (n): 13
Procedure:
1. Serially number the packages from 1 to 12,000 according to their placement
on the skid.
2. Evaluate the sampling interval as k = N/n = 12,000/13 = 923.
3. Choose a random number (j) between 1 and 923, e.g., 11.
4. The packages of shrimp selected to make up a systematic sample of size 13
will then be those which position numbers are:
j, j + k, j + 2k, ...., j + 12k

11, 11 + 923, 11 + (2 x 923), ...., 11 + (12 x 923)
11, 934, 1857 , ...,11087
that is, select the 11th package and every 923rd package after that until
thirteen packages have been identified.
Attribute
Sampling 1
New 31/03/90
SAMPLING PLAN 1
(Inspection Level I, AQL = 6.5)

44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
Acceptance Number
Lot Size (N) Sample Size (n) No. (c)*
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
4,800 or less 6 1 (0)
4,801 - 24,000 13 2 (1)
24,001 - 48,000 21 3 (2)
48,001 - 84,000 29 4 (3)
84,001 - 144,000 48 6 (4)
144,001 - 240,000 84 9 (6)
more than 240,000 126 13 (9)
Net weight is greater than 1 kg (2.2 lb) but not more than 4.5 kg (10 lb)
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
Acceptance number
44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
2,400 or less 6 1 (0)
2,401 - 15,000 13 2 (1)
15,001 - 24,000 21 3 (2)
24,001 - 42,000 29 4 (3)
42,001 - 72,000 48 6 (4)
72,001 - 120,000 84 9 (6)
more than 120,000 126 13 (9)

4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
Acceptance Number
4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
600 or less 6 1 (0)
601 - 2,000 13 2 (1)
2,001 - 7,200 21 3 (2)
7,201 - 15,000 29 4 (3)
15,001 - 24,000 48 6 (4)
24,001 - 42,000 84 9 (6)
more than 42,000 126 13 (9)
* The figure in brackets under the Acceptance Number (c) indicates the
Acceptance Number for decomposition.
Attribute
Sampling 2
New 31/03/90
SAMPLING PLAN 2
(Inspection Level II, AQL = 6.5)

444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
Acceptance Number
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
4,800 or less 13 2 (1)
4,801 - 24,000 21 3 (2)
24,001 - 48,000 29 4 (3)
48,001 - 84,000 48 6 (4)
84,001 - 144,000 84 9 (6)
144,001 - 240,000 126 13 (9)
more than 240,000 200 19 (13)
Net weight is greater than 1 kg (2.2 lb) but not more than 4.5 kg (10 lb)
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
Acceptance Number
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
2,400 or less 13 2 (1)
2,401 - 15,000 21 3 (2)
15,001 - 24,000 29 4 (3)
24,001 - 42,000 48 6 (4)
42,001 - 72,000 84 9 (6)
72,001 - 120,000 126 13 (9)
more than 120,000 200 19 (13)

444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
Acceptance Number
444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
600 or less 13 2 (1)
601 - 2,000 21 3 (2)
2,001 - 7,200 29 4 (3)
7,201 - 15,000 48 6 (4)
15,001 - 24,000 84 9 (6)
24,001 - 42,000 126 13 (9)
more than 42,000 200 19 (13)
* The figure in brackets under the Acceptance Number (c) indicates the
Acceptance Number for decomposition.
1 1
Amend.no.2 15/07/94
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1. PURPOSE
The purpose of the Fish Products Standards and Methods Manual is to

provide inspectors with recognized standards and methods to be used when
determining the acceptability of fish and fish products under the
authority of the Fish Inspection Regulations.
It must be recognized that the Fish Products Standards and Methods Manual
is a guide only and is not intended to supersede the requirements of the
Fish Inspection Regulations. Inspectors should always have the
legislation in mind, and should use this manual as an aid in the
interpretation of the Regulations.
2. AUTHORITIES/REFERENCES
2.1 The Fish Inspection Act (FIA) and the Fish Inspection Regulations (FIR)
are the relevant authorities on which this manual is based. While this
manual provides more detail than the FIA or the FIR, it does not have any
legal authority.
2.2 The manual does not deal with the policies and procedures for fish
products inspection and facilities inspection. The Fish Products
Inspection Manual - Policies and Procedures and the Facilities Inspection
Manual, respectively, address these subjects.
2.3 The standards do not cover package/container integrity defects, chemical

and microbiological contamination, the application of additives, weight
requirements or labelling requirements. Applicable legislation and
administrative guidelines made under the Fish Inspection Regulations, the
Food and Drug Regulations, the Consumer Packaging and Labelling
Regulations and the Weights and Measures Regulations regulate these
aspects of the products.
3. ORGANIZATION OF THE MANUAL
The Fish Products Standards and Methods Manual is divided into chapters of
related inspection elements which are sub-divided into individual
standards.
Each standard is divided into common headings, except for instances where
a different format might be required due to the nature of the standard.
1 2
Amend.no.2 15/07/94
Introduction:
Includes the name by which the fish covered by the standard is known, or
if more than one type of fish is covered by the standard, by a general
name which covers all species for the particular process. It describes
the authority under which the standard is elaborated, exclusions and the
general requirements for acceptability.
Scope:
The scope provides a clear statement on product and species requirements

covered by the standard. It describes general statements on raw material
and the processing of the product using good manufacturing practices.
Documents for good manufacturing practices are listed.
Nomenclature:
This section contains special nomenclature requirements for the product as

appropriate.
Forms of Product Presentation:
This section provides a definition of the product, types, styles or forms

of product presentation. Other styles of presentation are permitted under
the circumstances specified.
Sampling:
Sampling for the purpose of determining acceptability is an integral part

of the standard. Sampling tables are prescribed which specify the minimum
level of sampling required.
Description of Defects:
This section describes the essential quality factors and tolerances used
as criteria for determining acceptance or rejection of a sample unit for
taint, decomposition, unwholesomeness or other requirements. The
provision of "tolerances" is intended to allow Inspectors some flexibility
when applying the regulatory requirements.
Exceptions to the tolerances can occur for justifiable reasons.

Inspectors can be more rigid when defects are due to careless or
intentional behaviour, or when the problems are detrimental to health as
opposed to aesthetics.
1 3
Amend.no.2 15/07/94
Examination Methods:
The examination method is an important part of the standard, laying out

for the inspector the steps to be used in examining the sample unit to
determine compliance.
Classification of "Defective" Units:
Defines the criteria for determining a "defective" sample unit.
Lot Acceptance:
This section outlines the factors to be used in determining the

acceptability of the lot based on lot acceptance procedures.
2 1 1
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
CHAPTER 2, STANDARD 1
CANNED TUNA STANDARD
1. INTRODUCTION
This standard for canned tuna derives its authority from the Fish
Inspection Regulations. It defines minimum acceptability of canned tuna
for taint, decomposition, unwholesomeness and other requirements other
than weight, as defined in the Fish Inspection Regulations, and describes
methods for determining that acceptability.
2. SCOPE
This standard applies to canned and/or heat processed tuna in

hermetically sealed containers, prepared from sound, wholesome fish flesh
of a quality fit for human consumption, using current good manufacturing
practices and prepared from any of the following species:
1. Euthynnus alletteratus (little tunny)

2. Euthynnus lineatus (little tunny or black skipjack)
3. Euthynnus yaito or Euthynnus affinis (kawakawa or little tuna)
4. Katsuwonus pelamis (skipjack)
5. Neothunnus macropterus or Thunnus albacares (yellow-fin tuna)
6. Thunnus tonggol or Neothunnus rarus (longtailed tuna or
northern bluefin tuna)
7. Para thunnus mebachi or Thunnus obesus (big-eyed tuna)
8. Thunnus atlanticus (black-fin tuna)
9. Thunnus germo or Thunnus alalunga (albacore)
10. Thunnus maccoyii (southern bluefin tuna)
11. Thunnus orientalis (oriental tuna)
12. Thunnus thynnus (bluefin tuna)
The species of fish Sarda chiliensis, Sarda lineolata or Sarda sarda

after it has been canned, shall be designated as "Bonito" or "Bonito
Tuna".
The following documents are to be used in conjunction with the standard

to determine good manufacturing practices:
1) the Recommended International Code of Hygienic Practice for Low Acid

and Acidified Low Acid Canned Food, CAC/RCP 23-1979.
2) Metal Can Defects Identification and Classification Manual,

Canadian Food Inspection Agency.
2 1 2
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
3) Recommended International Code of Practice for Canned Fish, CAC/RCP

10-1976.
3. FORMS OF PRODUCT PRESENTATION
3.1 Styles of Pack
a) Solid
Fish cut into transverse segments to which no free fragments are
added. In containers of 450 g (one pound) or less of net contents,
such segments are cut into lengths suitable for packing into one
layer. In containers of more than 450 g net contents, such segments
may be cut into lengths suitable for packing in one or more layers
of equal thickness and no layer shall have a thickness less than
2.5 cm. Segments are placed in the can with the planes of their
transverse cut ends parallel to the ends of the can. A piece of
segment may be added if necessary to fill a container.
b) Chunk or chunks
A mixture of pieces of fish most of which have dimensions of not
less than 1.2 cm in each direction and in which the original muscle
structure is retained.
c) Flake, flaked or flakes

A mixture of particles of fish in which the muscle structure of the
flesh is retained.
d) Grated or shredded
A mixture of particles of fish that have been reduced to a uniform
size, and in which particles are discrete and do not comprise a
paste.
3.2 Fish Flesh Colour
The labels on all cans of tuna shall indicate the colour of the fish
flesh in accordance with the following colour classifications:
a) "White Meat Tuna" or "White Tuna"

Canned tuna of the species Thunnus alalunga or Thunnus germo
(albacore) that has a diffuse luminous reflectance of not less than
33.7% of that of magnesium oxide when that reflectance is measured
by a prescribed method. This is approximately equivalent to 6.3
Munsell units.
b) "Light Meat Tuna" or "Light Tuna"

Canned tuna that has a diffuse luminous reflectance of not less than
22.6% of that of magnesium oxide when that reflectance is measured
by a prescribed method. This is approximately equivalent to 5.3
2 1 3
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
Munsell units.
c) "Dark Meat Tuna" or "Dark Tuna"

Canned tuna that does not meet the colour requirements of "Light
Meat Tuna".
3.3 Packing Media
a) Olive oils
In conformity with the Recommended International Standard for Olive
Oil, Virgin and Refined, and for Refined Olive-Residue Oil (Ref.
CAC/RS 33-1970).
b) Other vegetable oils

Clear, refined, deodorized, edible vegetable oil in conformity with
the relevant recommended international standards adopted by the
Codex Alimentarius Commission.
c) Potable water
In conformity with the latest WHO International Standards for
Drinking Water.
d) Spring water or mineral water

Potable water from an underground source but not obtained from a
public community water supply and which meets the requirements of
Section B12.001 of the Food and Drug Regulations.
e) Vegetable broth
The liquid arising from the cooking of vegetables in water and which
may be prepared from one or more types of vegetables.
f) Vegetable broth / Vegetable oil

Any combination of vegetable broth and vegetable oil meeting the
above specifications.
3.4 Other Presentations
Any other presentation may be permitted provided that it:
a) is sufficiently distinctive from the forms of presentations set out

in 3.1 and 3.3; and
b) meets all other requirements of the Fish Inspection Regulations; and
c) is adequately described on the label.

2 1 4
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
4. SAMPLING
The sampling and tolerance plans at the front of this manual shall be
used to determine the acceptability of the lot. The sampling plans
dictate the minimum sample size to be taken. If necessary, in the
opinion of the inspector, more than the minimum sample size specified may
be taken.
4.1 Sampling of lots for examination of the product shall be in accordance

with the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Sampling Plans for Prepackaged
Foods(AQL 6.5) (CAC/RM42-1969) except that acceptance numbers for
decomposition shall be reduced in accordance with the sampling plans.
4.2 Size of Sample Unit
The sample unit shall consist of a can or pouch of tuna and the contents
thereof.
5. DESCRIPTION OF DEFECTS
5.1 Taint
A unit will be considered tainted when any of the following conditions

exist:
a) Rancid
Odour characterized by the distinct or readily detectable persistent
odour of oxidized oil, (this may be characterized by a pungent
sensation in the nasal passage); or
Flavour characterized by distinct flavours present individually or

in combination as follows:
bitter, sour, metallic flavours detected at the sides and back

of the tongue leaving a lingering aftertaste.
b) Abnormal
Distinct and persistent odours and/or flavours that are burnt or
acrid, (e.g. as associated with excess scorch).
c) Contaminated
Odours and/or flavours resulting from contamination by solvents,
soaps, fuel, oil, grease, etc. that are organoleptically detectable.
5.2 Decomposition
A unit will be considered decomposed when any of the following conditions

exist:
2 1 5
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
a) Persistent, distinct and uncharacteristic odour characterized by:
1) fruity (aldehyde odours similar to pineapple or other fruits);
2) vegetable odours - (e.g. turnip and cabbage-like but not

associated with packing medium);
3) sour, yeasty fermented odours;
4) ammonia odours, hydrogen sulphide odours; or
5) other pungent odours such as putrid or faecal.
b) Persistent distinct and uncharacteristic flavours characterized by:
1) sweet fruity flavours (e.g. pineapple-like); or
2) vegetable flavours (e.g. turnip and cabbage-like but not

associated with packing medium); or
3) putrid or sour or faecal flavours.
c) Texture
Breakdown of muscle structure characterized by muscle fibers no

longer being detectable resulting in the presence of small particles
and/or granular, gritty or pasty texture exceeding 20% of the
drained content.
d) Appearance
1) Discoloration characterized by persistent flushed pink, orange

or green colours in the flesh exceeding 5% of drained contents.
2) True Honeycombing exceeding 5% of drained contents.
5.3 Unwholesome
a) Critical Foreign Material

A lot will be considered defective when any of the following
conditions exist:
the presence of any material which has not been derived from
tuna (and packing media) and which poses a threat to human
health (such as glass, etc.); or
distinct and persistent odour or flavour of any material which

has not been derived from tuna (and packing media) and which
2 1 6
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
poses a threat to human health (such as solvents, fuel oil,

etc.).
b) Foreign Material
A unit will be considered defective when the following condition is

found:
tuna (and packing media) but does not pose a threat to human
health (such as insect pieces, sand, etc.).
c) Other Defects
A unit will be considered defective when any of the following

conditions exist:
a) Struvite Crystals (magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals)

Any struvite crystal greater than 5 mm in length.
b) Sulphide Blackening
Staining of the meat exceeding 5% of the drained contents.
5.4 Labelling
A unit will be considered defective when any of the following conditions

exist:
a) Style of Pack
1) Solid - Greater than 18% chunk and/or flaked.

Chunk - Greater than 50% flaked.
Flaked - Greater than 20% grated or shredded.
2) Shredded, grated or paste in solid or chunk pack.
b) Fish Flesh Colour
1) White Meat Tuna or White Tuna of the species Thunnus alalunga

of Thunnus germo (albacore) that has a diffuse luminous
reflectance less than 33.7% of that of magnesium oxide. This
is approximately equivalent to 6.3 Munsell units.
2) Light Meat Tuna or Light Tuna that has a diffuse luminous

reflectance less than 22.6% of that of magnesium oxide. This
is approximately equivalent to 5.3 Munsell units.
NOTE: Dark Meat Tuna or Dark Tuna is canned tuna that does not meet
the colour requirements of Light Meat Tuna.
2 1 7
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
6. EXAMINATION METHODS
6.1 Procedure for Determining Compliance for Style of Pack Declaration
6.1.1 Scope and Application
This procedure is applicable to the determination of the percentage of

different styles of pack in canned tuna.
6.1.2 Apparatus
- Can opener
- One-half inch (1.2 cm) mesh screen equipped with a collecting pan
- Suitable balance for weighing the samples to the nearest 0.1 g
- Spatula
6.1.3 Procedure
1) Open the can, drain the contents, weigh the tuna and record the
weight.
2) Pour the drained can contents onto a tared 1.2 cm mesh screen
equipped with a collecting pan.
3) Separate the tuna with a spatula being careful not to break the
configuration of the pieces. Ensure that the smaller pieces of tuna
are moved to the top of a mesh opening to allow them to fall through
or be retained on the screen.
4) Segregate the material on the pan according to flaked, grated

(shredded) and paste and weigh individually in order to establish
the weight of each component.
5) Weigh the screen with the fish retained and record the weight. This
weight will be used, by difference, to establish the weight of solid
plus chunk tuna.
6) In the case of a "solid" declaration, remove any small pieces

(chunks) from the screen and reweigh. This weight can be used to
establish the weight of solid tuna by difference.
6.1.4 Calculations
1) Express the weight of flaked, grated (shredded) and paste as a

percentage of the total drained weight of tuna.
Weight of Flakes
% Flakes = )))))))))))))))))))))))))))) x 100
Total Weight of Drained Tuna
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Amend.no.1 20/07/93
2) Calculate the weight of solid and chunk tuna retained on the screen
by difference and express as a % of the total drained weight of
tuna.
Weight of Solid & Chunk Tuna
% Solid & Chunk Tuna = )))))))))))))))))))))))))))) x 100
3) Calculate the weight of solid tuna retained on the screen by

difference and express as a % of the total drained weight of tuna.
Weight of Solid Tuna
% Solid Tuna = )))))))))))))))))))))))))))) x 100
6.1.5 Determination of compliance
Refer to section 5.4 to determine the defect classification of the sample

unit.
6.2 Procedure for Determining Percentage of Honeycombing in Canned Tuna
6.2.1 Scope
This method shall be used to assess the extent of honeycombing in canned

tuna.
The canned tuna standard stipulates that a sample unit shall

be considered defective because of decomposition if the weight of
honeycombed flesh exceeds 5% of the drained weight of the contents of the
can.
6.2.2 Laboratory Apparatus
- Can opener
- Electronic Scale
- Beakers or Draining Trays
- Vacuum Gauge
- Clock or other suitable timing device
- Warming Cabinet
- Tared Collecting Dishes
- Tweezers or Forceps
- Spatula
- Appropriate forms
6.2.3 Procedure
1) Determine the drained weight of each sample unit, using the approved
method.
2) After draining, transfer the contents of the can to an inspection

2 1 9
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
tray or, if style of pack is to be determined, a 1.2 cm mesh screen

equipped with a collecting pan.
3) Separate the tuna with a spatula being careful not to break the
configuration of the pieces. If the contents are to be evaluated
for style of pack, that procedure must be performed first, using the
method outlined in section 6.1 of this standard.
4) Using tweezers or forceps remove all pieces of honeycombed fish

flesh and place these in a tared collecting dish.
"Any piece of tuna flesh showing evidence of pitting, whether on the

surface of the cut or between the layers of fish flesh, shall be
considered to be affected by honeycombing."
5) Weigh the collecting dish with the honeycombed flesh and record the
total weight. Subtract the weight of the collecting dish from the
total weight of the dish and honeycombed flesh to obtain the weight
of honeycombed flesh.
6.2.4 Calculations
Express the weight of the honeycombed flesh as a percentage of the

drained weight of the can contents.
Weight of the Honeycombed Fish Flesh
% of True Honeycombing = )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) x 100
Drained Weight
6.2.5 Determination of Compliance
1) If the result exceeds 5% of the drained weight of the can contents,

the sample unit is considered defective.
2) Repeat the above procedure and determine the status of the remaining
sample units in the sample. A sample shall consist of at least the
minimum number of sample units outlined in the sampling plans.
3) Determine the status of the lot by comparing the total number of

defective sample units with the acceptance number for decomposition.
7. CLASSIFICATION OF "DEFECTIVES"
A sample unit which contains defects as described in section 5 is

classified as a "defective".
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8. LOT ACCEPTANCE
A lot will be considered unacceptable if it fails to meet the following

final product requirements:
1) any single instance of critical foreign matter occurs; or
2) the total number of sample units found defective for taint,

decomposition or unwholesomeness, individually or in combination,
exceeds the acceptance number for the sample size designated in the
sampling plans; or
3) the total number of sample units found defective for decomposition

exceeds the acceptance number shown in parentheses for the sample
size designated in the sampling plans; or
4) the total number of sample units found defective for standards of

identity (colour, style of presentation) exceeds the acceptance
number for the sample size designated in the sampling plans.
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CANNED SARDINE STANDARD
1. INTRODUCTION
This standard for canned sardines derives its authority from the Fish
Inspection Regulations. It defines minimum acceptability of canned
sardines for taint, decomposition, unwholesomeness and other
requirements, other than weight, as defined in the Fish Inspection Act
and Regulations and describes methods for determining that acceptability.
2. SCOPE
This standard applies to canned sardines in hermetically sealed

containers that are prepared from any of the following species:
Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum)

Sardinops melanosticta, neopilchardus, ocellata, sagax, or caerulea
Sardinella aurita, anchovia, brasiliensis, or maderensis
Clupea harengus
Clupea antipodum, bassensis, or fuegensis
Sprattus sprattus (Clupea sprattus)
Hyperlophus vittatus
Nematolosa vlaminghi
Etrumeus microps
Ethmidium maculatus
Engraulis anchoita
Engraulis ringens
Canned sardines shall be prepared from sound, wholesome raw material

processed using good manufacturing practices.
Documents used to determine good manufacturing practice and compliance

include:
1) International Code of Practice for Low Acid Canned Food CAC/RCP

23-1979.

3) Codex Alimentarius Sampling Plans for Prepackaged Foods (AQL 6.5)

CAC/RM 42-1969.
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Amend.no.1 20/07/93
3. NOMENCLATURE
The name of the product shall be:
"Sardines"; or
"X sardines" where the "X" is the name of a country, a geographic area,
the species, or the common name of the species in accordance with the
applicable sections of the Recommended International Standard for Canned
Sardines (CAC/RS 94-1978) and the Fish Inspection Regulations.
Canned sardines shall be prepared from fresh, frozen, cooked or smoked

sardines and neatly arranged with at least 3 fish per can.
4.1 Packing Media
The product shall be presented in one of the following packing media with
or without permitted optional ingredients:
a) Own juice
Fish packaged without added liquid.
b) Potable water
In conformity with the requirements of the Fish Inspection
Regulations for water used in registered establishments.
c) Spring water or mineral water

Section B12.001 of the Food and Drug Regulations.
d) Vegetable broth
The liquid arising from the cooking of sound wholesome vegetables in
water and which may be prepared from one or more types of
vegetables. Vegetable broth may also be prepared from hydrolysed
vegetable protein, but a broth so prepared requires that it's
components be declared in a list of ingredients.
e) Olive oils
In conformity with:
the relevant sections of Division 9 of the Canadian Food and Drug
Regulations; or
the Recommended International Standard for Olive Oil, Virgin and

Refined, and for Refined Olive-Residue Oil (Ref. CAC/RS 33-1970).
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Amend.no.1 20/07/93
f) Other vegetable oils

Clear, refined, deodorized, edible vegetable oil in conformity with:

Regulations; or
the relevant recommended International standards adopted by the

g) Sauces
A thickened liquid made from acceptable food ingredients giving a
characterizing flavour and odour to the product.
h) Marinades
A thin liquid made from acceptable food ingredients, usually
containing a sweetener, an acid solution or an alcoholic solution,
with or without spices, herbs, seasonings, vegetables and other
condiments.
4.2 Optional Ingredients
a) Salt.
b) Natural starches.
c) Other optional ingredients provided that all ingredients are

suitable for human consumption, are free from abnormal taste,
flavour or odour and are permitted in Division 21 of the Food and
Drug Regulations. Examples of such ingredients are spices, herbs,
vegetable seasonings, vinegar and wine and vegetables and fruits for
decorative and flavouring purposes only.
Any other presentation of the product may be permitted provided that it:
a) is sufficiently distinctive from the forms of presentation set out

above; and
b) meets all other Canadian Regulatory requirements; and
c) is adequately described on the label in accordance with all

regulatory labelling requirements.
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5. SAMPLING
be taken.
5.1 Sampling of lots for the sensory examination of the product shall be in
accordance with the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Sampling Plan for
Prepackaged Foods (AQL 6.5) (CAC/RM 42-1969) except that a lower
acceptance number for decomposition shall be used as indicated in the
sampling tables.
The tables specify the minimum number of sample units to be used for the
following types of inspections:
a) Level I - Sensory examinations of all products subject to

inspection other than lots which are subject to
reinspection.
b) Level II - Sensory examinations of all products which are under

reinspection.
The sample unit shall consist of a can of sardines and the entire
contents thereof.
6.1 Taint

are found:
a) Rancid
The contents in the container show the following defects:
1) Odour characterized by the distinct or persistent odour of

oxidized oil; or
2) Flavour characterized by that of oxidized oil which leaves a

distinct bitter aftertaste.
b) Abnormal
Distinct and persistent uncharacteristic odours or flavours such as
burnt or acrid, metallic, or associated with feed, and not defined
2 2 5
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
as rancid or decomposed; or
Flavour or odour resulting from the improper addition or mixing of

ingredients.
6.2 Decomposition

are found:
a) Odour or flavour
Persistent, distinct and uncharacteristic odour or flavour including
but not limited to the following:
fruity, vegetable, musty, yeasty, sour, faecal, ammonia,

hydrogen sulphide, bilge-like, putrid.
b) Discolouration
Discolouration uncharacteristic of the species and type of pack,
such as flushed pink (with a somewhat raw appearance), dark brown,
yellowish to orange colours or definite red along the backbone.
c) Texture
Breakdown of muscle structure characterized by:
1) muscle structure which is very tough, dry, mealy or chalky; or
2) muscle structure which is very soft, mushy or pasty.
6.3 Unwholesome

conditions are found:
fish (and packing media) and which poses a threat to human

has not been derived from fish (and packing media) and which
etc.).
b) Foreign Material
found:
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Amend.no.1 20/07/93
fish (and packing media) but does not pose a threat to human
c) Other Defects
1) Struvite Crystals (magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals)

2) Sulphide Blackening (smut)

Staining affecting greater than 5% of the fish in the sample
unit.
3) Undesirable Parts
Any combination of sardines from which the heads and gills have
not been removed which exceeds 5% of the number of fish in the
sample unit.
7.1 Complete external can examination. Open can and complete net weight
determination according to the defined procedures.
7.2 Remove fish from can to examination tray, if this has not already been
done. Examine can interior for presence of foreign material, smut,
struvite, and corrosion or other can interior defects.
7.3 Examine liquid and surface of fish for presence of struvite crystals,
smut, foreign material.
7.4 Gently split fish along backbone. Examine backbone for hardness - it
should be easily crushed between thumb and forefinger. Observe colour of
flesh, especially the presence or absence of "definite" red along the
backbone. Examine texture. Examine fish for the presence of large
amounts of feed.
7.5 Assess odour. Assess flavour, and texture upon chewing, as required.
7.6 Record any defect for that unit on the appropriate worksheet.

classified as "defective".
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9. LOT ACCEPTANCE
A lot will be considered unacceptable when:
a) any single instance of critical foreign matter occurs; or
b) the total number of sample units found defective for taint,

sampling plans; or
c) the total number of sample units found defective for decomposition

size designated in the sampling plans.
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CANNED SHRIMP OR PRAWN STANDARD
1. INTRODUCTION
This standard for canned shrimp* derives its authority from the Fish
shrimp for taint, decomposition, unwholesomeness and other requirements,
other than weight, as defined in the Fish Inspection Act and Regulations
and describes methods for determining that acceptability.
* NOTE: Throughout this document, the term "shrimp" will be used to

denote both shrimps and prawns.
2. SCOPE
This standard applies to canned shrimp in hermetically sealed containers

and prepared from species of any of the following families:
PENAEIDAE, PANDALIDAE, CRANGONIDAE, PALAEMONIDAE.
Canned shrimp shall be prepared from sound, wholesome raw material,


include:

23-1979.


CAC/RM 42-1969.
4) Code of Practice - General Principles of Food Hygiene for Use by the

Food Industry in Canada, Health Canada.
5) Recommended International Code of Practice for Shrimps or Prawns,

CAC/RCP 17-1978.
2 3 2
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
3. NOMENCLATURE
a) The name of the product shall be "Shrimp", "Shrimps" or "Prawns".
b) If desired, "X Shrimp", "X Shrimps" or "X Prawns" may be used where
the "X" is the name of a country or a geographic area from which the
shrimps originate.
c) Size designations are not required on the label, but if used, must
be in accordance with the table in section 4.2. A count range may
be specified on the label; no tolerances are applicable to count
ranges when these are used in the place of size designations.
d) Any descriptive terms used, including those denoting style of

presentation, must accurately reflect the contents of the can.
Canned shrimp shall be prepared from fresh, frozen or cooked whole and/or
broken shrimp, and are usually packed in water. Salt, lemon juice,
citric acid, seasonings, sugars and other ingredients, such as permitted
additives, may be present.
4.1 Style of Presentation
Canned shrimp may be presented in the following ways:
a) Peeled (Conventional)
Shrimp which have been peeled and subsequently canned without the
intentional removal of the dorsal tract.
b) Peeled and Deveined (Cleaned)

Shrimp which have been peeled and in addition have had the back cut
open and the dorsal tract removed at least up to the last segment of
the tail.
c) Cocktail (Picnic)
Any mixture of shrimp sizes which does not contain more than 15% of
the drained weight of the contents (m/m) broken shrimp.
d) Salad
Any size or mixture of sizes, which does not contain more than
50% m/m broken shrimp in a can.
e) Broken
Pieces of shrimp consisting of less than four segments. Also, this
may denote product containing more than the permitted percentage of
broken shrimp.
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Amend.no.1 20/07/93
4.2 Size Designation
Canned shrimp may be presented in the following size designations:
Maximum Count per 100 g

Size Designations Declared Weight
Extra large or jumbo 16.6

Large 24.9
Medium 45.7
Small 74.8
Tiny or Minuscule no limit
4.3 Other Presentation

above; and
b) meets all other Canadian regulatory requirements; and

5. SAMPLING
be taken.
sampling tables.

reinspection.

reinspection.
2 3 4
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
The sample unit shall consist of a can of shrimp and the entire contents
thereof.
6.1 Taint

are found:
a) Rancid
Odour characterized by the distinct or persistent odour of oxidized
oil; or
Flavour characterized by that of oxidized oil which leaves a

b) Abnormal
as rancid or decomposed; or

ingredients.
6.2 Decomposition

are found:
a) Odour or flavour

hydrogen sulphide, putrid.
b) Discolouration
More than 10% m/m shrimp with faded pigment, liver stain, or black
discolouration not caused by the metal container.
c) Texture
1) muscle structure which feels dry as though no packing medium

had been used; or
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Amend.no.1 20/07/93
2) muscle structure which is very soft, mushy or pasty; or
3) muscle structure which is rubbery or tough, to the feel, or

when chewing.
6.3 Unwholesome

shrimp (and packing media) and which poses a threat to human

has not been derived from shrimp (and packing media) and which
etc.).
b) Foreign Material
found:
shrimp (and packing media) but does not pose a threat to human
c) Other Defects


Sulphide blackening affecting greater than 5% of the drained
contents.
Any combination of loose or attached shell, head pieces or
antennae in excess of 2% of the drained weight.
6.4 Failure to Meet a Standard of Identity
a) Broken Shrimp
A unit will be considered defective for broken shrimp if it fails
the following criteria when examined by the method outlined in
section 7.
2 3 6
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
Maximum Number of Broken

Size Designation Shrimp Permitted (% m/m)
Extra Large, Jumbo 5

Large 5
Medium 5
Small 10
Tiny 15
No size designation 10
Style Designation
Picnic or Cocktail 15
Salad 50
Broken no maximum
b) Deveining (Cleaning)
In the case of deveined shrimp, a unit will be considered defective
for deveining if it is found to contain more than 5% m/m of
improperly cleaned or deveined shrimp, when examined using the
method outlined in section 7.
c) Size Designation
When a size designation is declared, a unit will be considered
defective for size designation if it exceeds the maximum count per
100 g declared weight specified in section 4.2, when examined by the
d) Count Range
When a count range is declared, a unit will be considered defective
for count range if the count is greater than or less than the range
specified on the label, when examined by the method outlined in
section 7.
7.1 Complete external can examination.
7.2 Open can and complete drained weight determination, according to defined
procedures. A drained weight determination should only be conducted on
samples which have equilibrated at room temperature for several hours.
This will ensure that any gelled brine has liquified.
7.3 Remove product from can. Examine can interior for presence of foreign
material, sulphide blackening, struvite, and corrosion or other can
interior defects.
7.4 Examine liquid and surface of shrimp for presence of struvite crystals,
2 3 7
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
sulphide blackening, foreign material, or undesirable parts. Assess

colour.
7.5 Examine each unit for style of presentation as required:
When a size designation is declared, count the number of whole shrimp

present. Calculate the whole shrimp present per 100 g using the
following formula:
number of whole shrimp in unit
)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) x 100 = # shrimp/100 g
actual drained weight of unit
During this procedure, separate broken pieces and determine the

percentage of broken shrimp present. The percentage of broken shrimp may
be calculated using the following formula:
weight of broken shrimp
))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) x 100 = % broken shrimp
actual drained weight of unit
Where shrimp is further described on the label (eg. "deveined"), product

is examined for compliance. All percentages are calculated based on the
actual drained weight of the unit.
7.6 Assess odour. Assess flavour and texture as required.

9. LOT ACCEPTANCE

sampling plans; or

2 3 8
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
d) the total number of sample units found defective for standards of

identity (style of presentation) and size designation or count range
(if a size designation or count range is declared), exceeds the
acceptance number for the sample size designated in the sampling
plans.
2 4 1
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
CANNED CRAB STANDARD
1. INTRODUCTION
This standard for canned crab derives its authority from the Fish
Inspection Regulations. It defines minimum acceptability of canned crab
for taint, decomposition, unwholesomeness and other requirements, other
than weight, as defined in the Fish Inspection Act and Regulations and
describes methods for determining that acceptability.
2. SCOPE
This standard applies to canned and/or heat processed crab in

hermetically sealed containers and prepared from species of the sub-order
Brachyura of the order Decapoda and all species of the family Lithodidae.
This standard does not apply to specialty products where the crab meat
constitutes only a part of the edible contents.
Crab must be alive before processing and be prepared from sound,

wholesome raw material processed using current good manufacturing
practices.

include:

23-1979.


CAC/RM 42-1969.

3. NOMENCLATURE
a) The name of the product shall be "Crab Meat" and may be preceded or
followed by the common or usual name applied to the species and
meeting Canadian Regulations.
2 4 2
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
b) Where a can of crab meat is labelled according to the percentage of

leg meat in twin or single face packs, the composition of the leg
meat shall be expressed as a percentage of the drained weight.
c) Any presentation other than twin-face leg pack or single-face leg

pack must have the style of pack accurately described on the label
(eg. Chunk Crab Meat, Salad Crab Meat).
d) Any additional descriptive terms used must accurately reflect the

contents of the can.
4.1 Canned crab meat may be presented as:
a) Twin Face Leg Pack

In which the top and bottom of the contents consist of well-filled
and neatly arranged leg meat and the inner portion consists of salad
or flaked crab meat.
b) Single Face Leg Pack

In which one end of the contents consists of well-filled and neatly
arranged leg meat and the remaining portion of salad or flaked
crabmeat.
c) Chunk Pack
In which at least 50% of the contents consists of solid pieces or
chunks of crab meat, the remainder being flakes, and is accurately
described on the label.
d) Salad Pack
In which the contents consists of flakes, shoulder meat and claw or
broken leg meat portions, and is accurately described on the label.
4.2 Other presentations

above; and
c) is adequately described on the label and in accordance with all

2 4 3
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
5. SAMPLING
be taken.
sampling tables.

reinspection.

reinspection.
The sample unit shall consist of a can of crab and the entire contents
thereof.
6.1 Taint

are found:
a) Rancid
oil; or

b) Abnormal
iodine, burnt, acrid or metallic, and not defined as rancid or
decomposed; or
2 4 4
Amend.no.1 20/07/93

ingredients (eg. salt or citric acid).
6.2 Decomposition

are found:
a) Odour or flavour
sickly-sweet, fruity, vegetable, musty, sour, faecal, ammonia,

b) Discolouration
Distinct discolouration characterized by a blue, black, orange or
yellow colour to the meat.
c) Texture
1) muscle structure which is very soft or mushy; and/or

2) muscle fibres, particularly in the legs, which are short and
very shredded; and/or
3) muscle structure which is very tough or dry.
6.3 Unwholesome

crab (and packing media) and which poses a threat to human

has not been derived from crab (and packing media) and which
etc.).
b) Foreign Material

found:
2 4 5
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
crab (and packing media) but does not pose a threat to human
c) Other Defects



Staining of the meat in excess of 5% of the drained contents.
Shell, gills, viscera or cartilage in excess of 2% of the
drained contents.
A unit will be considered defective for style of presentation if any of

the following conditions occur:
a) it fails to meet the declared percentage of leg meat when examined

according to the method outlined in section 7; or
b) in the case of chunk pack, greater than 50% of the contents is

flaked, when examined by the method outlined in section 7.
procedures. A drained weight determination should only be conducted on
samples which have equilibrated at room temperature for several hours.
This will ensure that any gelled brine has liquified. Where parchment
paper has been wrapped around the product, care should be taken to ensure
product is free to drain properly.
7.3 Carefully remove product, and parchment paper where necessary, from can.
Examine can interior for presence of foreign material, sulphide
blackening, struvite, and corrosion or other can interior defects.
7.4 Examine liquid and surface of crab for presence of struvite crystals,
sulphide blackening, foreign material or undesirable parts.
7.5 Examine each unit for style of presentation as required:

2 4 6
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
Where percentage of leg meat is declared, collect leg meat separately and
determine compliance using the following formula:
Weight of leg meat in unit
))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) x 100 = % leg meat
Declared drained weight of unit
For packs labelled as "chunk", collect chunks (pieces not less than 10 mm
in each direction) separately and determine compliance as follows:
Weight of chunks in unit
))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) x 100 = % chunk
Declared drained weight of unit

9. LOT ACCEPTANCE
a) any single instance of critical foreign material occurs; or

sampling plans; or


identity (style of presentation), exceeds the acceptance number for
the sample size designated in the sampling plans.
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CANNED CLAM STANDARD
1. INTRODUCTION
This standard for canned clams derives its authority from the Fish
Inspection Regulations. It defines minimum acceptability of canned clams
for taint, decomposition, unwholesomeness and other requirements, other
than weight, as defined in the Fish Inspection Act and Regulations and
2. SCOPE
This standard applies to canned and/or heat processed clams, clam meats,
minced clam meats or chopped clam meats in hermetically sealed
containers, prepared from any of the following species:
Mya arenaria
Spisula solidissima
Ensis directus
Mercenaria mercenaria or Venus mercenaria
Arctica islandica
Saxidomus giganteus
Other species commonly associated with the clam family.
Canned clams, clam meats, minced clam meats or chopped clam meats should
be prepared from sound, wholesome raw material processed using current
good manufacturing practices.

include:

23-1979.


CAC/RM 42-1969.

2 5 2
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
3. NOMENCLATURE
a) The name of the product shall be "Clams" or "Clam Meats".
b) The following forms of presentation must be accurately described on

the label: minced or chopped, as appropriate.
c) Any additional descriptive terms used must accurately reflect the

contents of the can.
The product may be prepared from clams, steamed or not, smoked or

unsmoked, whole (unshelled) clams or shucked meats, which have been
culled, washed, trimmed if necessary and packed in a container with
brine, own juice and/or other suitable food grade packing media.
4.1 Other presentations

above; and

5. SAMPLING
The sampling and tolerance plans at the beginning of this manual shall be
be taken.
Prepackaged Foods (AQL 6.5) (CAC/RM42-1969) except that a lower
sampling tables.
The sampling tables specify the minimum number of sample units to be used
for the following types of inspections:
2 5 3
Amend.no.1 20/07/93

reinspection.
b) Level II - Sensory examination of all products which are under

reinspection.
The sample unit shall consist of a can of clams and the entire contents
thereof.
6.1 Taint

are found:
a) Rancid
oil; or

b) Abnormal
Distinct and persistent odour or flavour uncharacteristic of the
species or method of preparation, such as ash-like or charcoal-like,
feedy, burnt or acrid, metallic, and not defined as rancid or
decomposed; or

ingredients.
6.2 Decomposition

are found:
a) Odour or flavour
sour, musty, vegetable, fruity, ammonia, yeasty, hydrogen

sulphide, faecal, putrid.
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Amend.no.1 20/07/93
b) Texture
Breakdown of tissue characterized by structure which is very soft or
mushy.
c) Discolouration
Distinct discolouration of the clam meats, characterized by green,
gray or black colours. (Note: Excluded from this defect is a
normal greenish tinge to the belly wall, due to the presence of
algae in the stomach).
6.3 Unwholesome

clams (and packing media) and which poses a threat to human

has not been derived from clams (and packing media) and which
etc.).
b) Foreign Material

found:
clams (and packing media) but does not pose a threat to human
c) Other Defects



3) Discolouration of Packing Medium

The packing medium is blue or black.
2 5 5
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
procedures.
7.3 Carefully remove product from can. Examine can interior for presence of
foreign material, sulphide blackening, struvite crystals, and corrosion
or other can interior defects.
7.4 Examine liquid and clams for presence of struvite crystals, sulphide
blackening or foreign material. Assess colour of clams and liquid.

9. LOT ACCEPTANCE

sampling plans; or

2 6 1
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
GENERAL CANNED SHELLFISH STANDARD
1. INTRODUCTION
This standard for canned shellfish derives its authority from the Fish
shellfish for taint, decomposition, unwholesomeness and other
2. SCOPE
This standard applies to canned shellfish in hermetically sealed

containers. It is intended to be used for the inspection of canned
shellfish products for which specific Canadian product standards have not
been elaborated.
Canned shellfish shall be prepared from sound, wholesome raw material


include:

23-1979.


CAC/RM 42-1969.

3. NOMENCLATURE
The name of the product shall be that recognized in common usage in

Canada, and in accordance with the Fish Inspection Regulations and any
requirements of the applicable Codex Alimentarius Recommended
International Standard.
Descriptive terms should be used where necessary to accurately describe

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Amend.no.1 20/07/93
the contents of the can.
This product may be prepared from shellfish, cooked or not, smoked or

unsmoked, whole (unshelled or with the half-shell removed) or shucked
meats, which have been culled, washed, trimmed if necessary and packed in
a container with brine, own juice and/or other suitable food grade
packing media.

above;

5. SAMPLING
The sampling and tolerance plans in the front of this manual shall be
dictate the minimum sample size to be taken. If necessary, in the opinion
of the inspector, more than the minimum sample size specified may be
taken.
sampling tables.
a) Level I - Sensory examination of all products subject to

reinspection.

reinspection.
2 6 3
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
The sample unit shall consist of a can of shellfish and the entire
contents thereof.
6.1 Taint

are found:
a) Rancid

oil; or

b) Abnormal
iodine, burnt or acrid, ash-like, metallic, or associated with feed
and not defined as rancid or decomposed; or
Flavour or odour resulting from the improper addition and/or mixing

of ingredients.
6.2 Decomposition

are found:
a) Odours and flavours


hydrogen sulphide, and putrid.
b) Discolouration
Discolouration associated with decomposition which is
uncharacteristic of the species and type of pack. Depending on the
species, abnormal colours may include blue, black, green, grey, or
yellowish to orange colours.
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Amend.no.1 20/07/93
c) Texture
Breakdown of muscle structure due to decomposition as characterized
by:
very tough, rubbery, or dry conditions; or
very soft, mushy, or pasty conditions.
6.3 Unwholesome

shellfish (and packing media) and which poses a threat to human

has not been derived from shellfish (and packing media) and
which poses a threat to human health (such as solvents, fuel
oil, etc.).
b) Foreign Material

found:
shellfish (and packing media) but does not pose a threat to
human health (such as insect pieces, sand, etc.).
c) Other Defects



7.1 Complete external can examination. Open can and perform net and/or
drained weight determination, according to defined policies and
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Amend.no.1 20/07/93
procedures for these examinations.
7.2 Carefully remove product from can to examination tray. Examine can
interior for presence of foreign material, smut, struvite, and corrosion
or other can interior defects.
7.3 Inspect liquid and shellfish for presence of foreign material, smut, or
struvite.
7.4 Observe colour of flesh and presence of discolouration in shellfish.

9. LOT ACCEPTANCE

sampling plans; or

2 7 1
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
GENERAL CANNED FINFISH STANDARD
1. INTRODUCTION
This general standard for canned finfish derives its authority from the
Fish Inspection Regulations. It defines minimum acceptability for taint,
decomposition, unwholesomeness and other requirements, other than weight,
as defined in the Fish Inspection Act and Regulations and describes
methods for determining that acceptability.
2. SCOPE
This standard applies to canned finfish in hermetically sealed

containers. It is intended to be used for the inspection of canned
finfish species for which specific Canadian product standards have not
been elaborated.
Canned finfish shall be prepared from sound, wholesome raw material


include:

23-1979.

Canadian Food inspedtion Agency.

CAC/RM 42-1969.

3. NOMENCLATURE

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Amend.no.1 20/07/93
Descriptive terms shall be used where necessary to accurately describe

Canned finfish may be prepared from fish which is fresh, frozen, cooked
or smoked.
4.1 Packing Media
The product may be presented in one of the following packing media as

appropriate to the species and style of pack, with or without permitted
optional ingredients:
a) Own juice
Fish packaged without added liquid;
b) Potable water
Regulations for water used in registered establishments;

Section B12.001 of the Food and Drug Regulations;
d) Vegetable broth
vegetables. Vegetable broth may also be prepared from hydrolysed
vegetable protein but a broth so prepared requires its components to
be declared in a list of ingredients;
e) Olive oils
In conformity with:

Regulations; or
the Recommended International Standard for Olive Oil, Virgin and

Refined, and for Refined Olive-Residue Oil (Ref. CAC/RS 33-1970);


Regulations; or
2 7 3
Amend.no.1 20/07/93

Codex Alimentarius Commission;
g) Sauces
A thickened liquid made from acceptable food ingredients giving a
characterizing flavour and odour to the product;
h) Marinades
A thin liquid made from acceptable food ingredients, usually
with or without spices, herbs, seasonings, vegetables, and other
condiments;
i) Fish oils
Clear, refined, edible fish (marine) oil. The species from which
the oil is derived should be noted on the product label.
a) salt;
b) natural starches; and
c) other optional ingredients provided that all ingredients are

suitable for human consumption, are free from abnormal taste,
flavour, or odour, and are permitted in Division 21 of the Food and
Drug Regulations. Examples of such ingredients are spices, herbs,
vegetable seasonings, vinegar and wine, and vegetables and fruits
for decorative and flavouring purposes only.

above;

5. SAMPLING
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Amend.no.1 20/07/93
be taken.
sampling tables.

reinspection.

reinspection.
The sample unit shall consist of a can of fish and the entire contents
thereof.
6.1 Taint

are found:
a) Rancid

oil; or

b) Abnormal
burnt or acrid, metallic, or associated with feed and not defined as
rancid or decomposed; or

of ingredients.
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Amend.no.1 20/07/93
6.2 Decomposition

are found:

fruity, vegetable, stale, musty, yeasty, sour, faecal, ammonia,

hydrogen sulphide, bilge-like and putrid.
b) Discolouration
Discolouration associated with decomposition which is
uncharacteristic of the species and type of pack, such as flushed
pink, dark brown, green or yellowish to orange colours.
c) Texture
Breakdown of muscle structure due to decomposition characterized by:
muscle structure which is very tough, dry, mealy or chalky; or
muscle structure which is very soft, mushy, or pasty.
6.3 Unwholesome

fish (and packing media) and which poses a threat to human

has not been derived from fish (and packing media) and which
etc.).
b) Foreign Material

found:
fish (and packing media) but does not pose a threat to human
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Amend.no.1 20/07/93
c) Other Defects



Staining affecting greater than 5% of the drained contents.
Any combination of head parts, heads, tails, scales and viscera
exceeding 2% of the drained weight.
7.1 Complete external can examination. Open can and complete net weight
determination, according to defined policies and procedures for these
examinations.
7.2 Examine appearance of product in can. Carefully remove fish from can to
examination tray. Inspect can contents for presence of foreign material
or other undesirable parts, carefully separating fish as necessary.
7.3 Examine can interior for presence of foreign material, smut, struvite,
and corrosion or other can interior defects.
7.4 Observe colour of flesh as an indicator of decomposition.
7.5 Assess odour, flavour and texture as required.

9. LOT ACCEPTANCE

2 7 7
Amend.no.1 20/07/93

sampling plans; or

2 8 1
New 19/07/96
CANNED SALMON STANDARD
1. INTRODUCTION
This standard for canned salmon derives its authority from the Fish
Inspection Regulations and the Food and Drug Regulations. It defines
minimum acceptability for taint, decomposition, unwholesomeness and other
2. SCOPE
This standard applies to canned salmon in hermetically sealed containers.

It is intended to be used for the inspection of canned salmon prepared
from any of the following species:
1. Oncorhynchus nerka (sockeye salmon, red sockeye salmon, red salmon)

2. Oncorhynchus tschawytscha (spring salmon, king salmon, chinook
salmon)
3. Oncorhynchus kisutch (coho salmon, medium red coho salmon)
4. Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (pink salmon)
5. Oncorhynchus keta (chum salmon, keta salmon)
6. Oncorhynchus mykiss (steelhead salmon, deep sea trout)
7. Salmo salar (salmon, Atlantic salmon)
Canned salmon shall be prepared from sound, wholesome raw material


include:
1) Recommended International Code of Hygienic Practice for Low Acid and

Acidified Low Acid Canned Food, CAC/RCP 23-1979.


CAC/RM 42-1969.
4) Code of Practice - General Principles of Food Hygiene for use by the

5) Recommended International Code of Practice for Canned Fish, CAC/RCP

2 8 2
New 19/07/96
10-1976.
6) Codex Alimentarius Draft Revised Standard For Canned Salmon, Codex

Standard 3-1981.
3. NOMENCLATURE

Descriptive terms shall be used where necessary to accurately describe

Canned salmon may be prepared from fish which is fresh, frozen, cooked or
smoked.
4.1 Styles of Pack
a) Regular-pack
Consists of sections of flesh that are cut transversely from the
fish and are equal in length to the height of the can and packed so
that the cut surfaces are parallel with the ends of the can.
b) Chunk
A mixture of pieces of fish most of which have dimensions of not
less than 1.2 cm in each direction and in which the original muscle
structure is retained.
c) Flake, flaked or flakes

A mixture of particles of fish in which the muscle structure of the
flesh is retained.
d) Minced, grated or shredded

A mixture of particles of fish that have been reduced to a uniform
size and in which particles are discrete and do not comprise a
paste.
4.2 Spring Salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) Colour Designations
In addition to the appropriate common name, canned salmon of the species

Oncorhynchus tschawytscha may be designated as "red", "pink" or "white"
to indicate the colour of the flesh in accordance with standards approved
by the Minister.
2 8 3
New 19/07/96
4.3 Packing Media
The product may be presented in one of the following packing media as

appropriate to the species and style of pack, with or without permitted
optional ingredients:
a) Own juice
Fish packaged without added liquid.
b) Potable water
Regulations for water used in registered establishments.

Section B.12.001 of the Food and Drug Regulations.
d) Vegetable broth
vegetables.
e) Olive oils
In conformity with:
the relevant sections of Division 9 of the Canadian Food and

Drug Regulations; or
the Recommended International Standard for Olive Oil, Virgin

and Refined, and for Refined Olive-Residue Oil (Ref. CAC/RS 33-
1970).

the relevant sections of Division 9 of the Canadian Food and

Drug Regulations; or

g) Sauces
A thickened liquid made from acceptable food grade ingredients
giving a characterizing flavour and odour to the product.
h) Marinades
A thin liquid made from acceptable food grade ingredients, usually
2 8 4
New 19/07/96

with or without spices, herbs, seasonings, vegetables and other
condiments.
i) Fish oils
Clear, refined, edible fish (marine) oil. The species from which
the oil is derived should be noted on the product label.
a) Salt.
b) Other optional ingredients provided that all ingredients are food

grade and meet the requirements of the Food and Drug Regulations.

above; and

5. SAMPLING
dictate the minimum sample size to be taken.
sampling tables.

reinspection.

reinspection.
2 8 5
New 19/07/96
The sample unit shall consist of a can or pouch of fish and the entire
contents thereof.
6.1. Taint

are found:
a) Rancid
Odour characterized by the distinct and persistent and objectionable
odour of oxidized oil; or

distinct bitter and objectionable aftertaste.
Discolouration indicative of rancidity.
b) Abnormal
Distinct and persistent and objectionable uncharacteristic odours or
flavours such as metallic and not defined as rancid or decomposed;
or

of ingredients.
c) Excessive levels of sexual maturity.

Distinct and persistent and objectionable odours or flavours
indicative of advanced sexual maturity (late-run fish).
6.2 Decomposition

are found:

Persistent, distinct, uncharacteristic and objectionable odour or
flavour such as:
fruity, vegetable, stale, musty, yeasty, sour, faecal, ammonia,

hydrogen sulphide, bilge-like, putrid.
b) Discolouration
Discolouration indicative of decomposition.
2 8 6
New 19/07/96
c) Texture
Breakdown of muscle structure due to decomposition characterized by:
1) excessively mushy flesh uncharacteristic of the species in the

presentation; or
2) excessively tough flesh uncharacteristic of the species in the

presentation.
6.3 Unwholesome
A lot will be considered defective when the following conditions are

found:
fish (or packing media) and which poses a threat to human

has not been derived from fish (or packing media) and which
etc.).
b) Foreign Material

found:
fish (or packing media) but does not pose a threat to human
c) Other Defects



Staining affecting greater than 5% of the net contents.
Any combination of head parts, heads, tails and viscera
exceeding 2% of the net weight of the intended pack.
2 8 7
New 19/07/96
7.1 Complete external can examination. Open container and complete net
weight determination, according to the defined policies and procedures
for these examinations.
7.2 Examine appearance of product in container. Carefully remove fish from

container to examination tray. Compare product form with standard
product form. Inspect container contents for presence of foreign
material or other undesirable parts, carefully separating fish as
necessary.
7.3 Examine container interior for presence of foreign material, smut,

struvite, and corrosion or other can interior defects.
7.4 Evaluate the colour to determine if there is discoloration indicative of

rancidity and decomposition. Assess the odour, flavour and texture as
required.
8.0 CLASSIFICATION OF "DEFECTIVES"

9.0 LOT ACCEPTANCE

sampling plans; or

3 1 1
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
FRESH & FROZEN GROUNDFISH BLOCK AND FILLET STANDARD
1. INTRODUCTION
This standard for fresh and frozen groundfish fillets and blocks
including minced fish derives its authority from the Fish Inspection Act
and Regulations. It defines minimum acceptability for taint,
decomposition, and unwholesomeness and other requirements, other than
weight, as defined in the Fish Inspection Act and Regulations and
2. SCOPE
This standard applies to fresh, frozen or defrosted fillets or fillet

blocks or minced blocks of groundfish, prepared from any one of the
following families or orders of groundfish:
a) The family Gadidae - including cod, haddock, pollock, hake and cusk;
b) The family Anarchichadidae - wolffish or catfish;
c) The family Scorpaenidae - including ocean perch (redfish) and black
belly rosefish;
d) The family Hexagrammidae - ling cod;
e) The order Pleuronectiformes - including flounder, sole, greysole,
turbot and other related flatfish species;
f) The family Lophiidae - monkfish.
Fresh, frozen or defrosted groundfish fillets or fillet blocks or minced

blocks should be prepared from sound, wholesome raw material and
Documents which are used for interpreting good manufacturing practices

include:
1) Recommended International Code of Practice - General Principles of

Food Hygiene, CAC/RCP 1-1969 REV. 1.
2) Codex Alimentarius Sampling Plans for Prepackaged Foods, (AQL 6.5)

CAC/RM 42-1969.
3) Recommended International Code of Practice for Fresh Fish, CAC/RCP

9-1976.
4) Recommended International Code of Practice for Frozen Fish, CAC/RCP

16-1978.
3 1 2
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
3. NOMENCLATURE
The name of the product shall be that required in common usage in Canada
and in accordance with the Fish Inspection Regulations and any
4.1 Groundfish may be presented as fillets or blocks.
4.2 Groundfish may also be presented as minced fish blocks.
4.3 Any other presentation may be permitted provided that it:
a) is sufficiently distinctive from the forms of presentations set out

in 4.1 and 4.2; and
b) meets the requirements of the Fish Inspection Regulations; and
5. SAMPLING
be taken.
sampling tables.

reinspection.

reinspection.
3 1 3
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
The sample unit shall consist of a container of fish and the entire
contents thereof.
6.1 Decomposition
A sample unit will be classified decomposed when more than 10% of the
declared weight is affected by:
a) Odours
Persistent and distinct odours in a fillet, part of a fillet or in
minced fish characterized by: fruity, vegetable, musty,
saltfish-like, sour, sour milk-like, faecal, ammonia,
hydrogen sulphide, bilge, putrid; or
b) Colour
Distinct green colour in a fillet or part fillet of flatfish
species.
6.2 Taint
A sample unit will be classified tainted when more than 10% of the
declared weight is found to be:
a) Rancid
Odour in a fillet or part of a fillet or minced fish which is
characterized by the persistent and distinct odour of oxidized oil
(this may be characterized by a pungent sensation in the nasal
passage); or
b) Abnormal
Distinct and persistent odour in a fillet or part of a fillet or
minced fish which is organic sulphide-like, such as dimethyl sulfide
(blackberry), or iodine-like, as associated with feed.
6.3 A sample unit shall be classified as defective when more than 10% of the
declared weight of the sample unit is affected by any combination of
tainted or decomposed conditions.
6.4 Unwholesome
a) Critical Foreign Matter

3 1 4
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
1) the presence of any material which has not been derived from
fish and which poses a threat to human health (such as glass,
etc.); or
2) distinct and persistent odour of any material which has not

been derived from fish and which poses a threat to human health
(such as solvents, fuel oil, etc.).
b) Foreign Matter
found:
fish but does not pose a threat to human health (such as insect
pieces, sand, etc.).
c) Other Defects
1) Dehydration (freezer burn)

Fillet Packs or Blocks - More than 10% of the surface area of a
sample unit is affected.
Fillets (IQF or Layer Pack) - More than 10% of the declared
weight of the fillets in the sample unit is affected with
dehydration conditions affecting more than 10% of the fillet
surface area.
2) Nematodes or Copepods
Only nematodes or copepod parasites having a capsular diameter
of greater than 3 mm or, if not encapsulated, a length of
greater than 10 mm will be considered in determining whether
the lot is acceptable with respect to parasites. For packs of
1 kg and greater, the presence of 2 or more parasites per kg of
sample unit will result in rejection of the sample. For packs
of less than 1 kg an average of 1 parasite per kg of total
sample will result in rejection of the sample. For example, a
sample consisting of 13 units of 500g each would be rejected if
7 or more parasites were found.
The following parasite occurrences will result in the sample

unit being classified as defective:
3 1 5
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
Pack Size Reject Parasite Level

1 kg Use average as described above
5 lb 3
10 lb 5
15 lb 7
16.5 lb 8
18.5 lb 9
20 lb 10
50 lb 23
3) Gelatinous Conditions
More than 10% of the sample unit by declared weight is affected
by excessive jellied conditions of the flesh.
4) Bones (Boneless Packs Only)

One bone A 1 mm in diameter or A 10 mm in length per kg fish.
7.1 Scope
The methodology described in this section outlines a procedure for the

examination of groundfish fillet and block products. The examination
shall be made of end-of-line final products in the fresh, frozen and
defrosted state for tainted, decomposed or unwholesome conditions.
7.2 Equipment Required
- candling table
- calculator
- measuring tape or ruler
- examination tray, measuring approximately 30 x 50 cm
- knife
7.3 Examination for Frozen State Defects
The frozen package of fillet or block is examined for presence of freezer

burn, i.e. dehydration which can only be removed with a knife or other
sharp instrument.
7.3.1 The area affected by dehydration is measured and the total surface of the
fillets or blocks is determined. Inspectors shall then determine the
percent of area affected by the following calculation:
Area Affected
% of dehydration = )))))))))))))))))) x 100
Total Surface Area
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Amend.no.1 20/07/93
7.4 Examination of Fresh or Defrosted Fillet or Block Packs Excluding Minced

Fish
The fresh or defrosted sample unit is examined in its entirety. Each

fillet is examined individually. Care should be exercised in separating
the fillets to prevent tearing or mutilation.
7.4.1 Candling Procedures

Each fillet is individually examined on the illuminated candling table
for presence of parasites, i.e. nematodes or copepods. Each parasite
whether whole or in part or encapsulated is considered a parasite
incidence. The examination is to be non-destructive in nature, that is,
no slicing is permitted nor is the skin to be removed from skin-on
fillets. The parasites are removed and the total number of incidents
counted to determine the sample unit or entire sample compliance as per
requirements in section 6.4 c) 2).
7.4.2 Determining the Cause for Rejection of a Fillet

Fillets within the sample units shall be classified according to whether
they are acceptable or not acceptable. If not acceptable, the inspector
will classify the fillet as decomposed, tainted or unwholesome. Should a
fillet be both tainted and decomposed, for the purpose of the application
of this standard and the interpretation of the sampling plan, the fillet
is deemed to be decomposed. In the case of tainted or decomposed
fillets, the inspector shall weigh the affected fillets, as necessary, to
determine the percent of the sample unit which is affected by each
category. The calculation is performed as follows:
Weight of fillets affected

% Decomposed fillets = )))))))))))))))))))))))))) x 100
Declared weight of pack
Weight of fillets affected

% Tainted fillets = )))))))))))))))))))))))))) x 100
Declared weight of pack
A similar calculation is made when jellied flesh (unwholesome) is

encountered.
7.5 Examination of Minced Fish
Similar to the examination of fillet packs the entire sample unit of

minced fish is examined. The following procedure should be used in the
assessment of this product.
7.5.1 A sub-sample of 1 kg is extracted from the container and evenly spread on

3 1 7
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
an examination tray to a depth of 1 cm. An assessment is then made under

normal overhead lighting conditions for the presence of whole parasites
which may be visible on the surface of the minced fish. The parasites
are removed and the number of incidents counted and recorded. Following
this, the minced fish is examined for tainted or decomposed conditions or
other evidence of unwholesome conditions other than parasites.
The process of spreading a 1 kg sub-sample on the tray is repeated and

examination made as described above until the entire sample unit is
inspected. The decision on classifying minced fish is the same as
outlined in section 7.4.2.
A sample unit of fillets or blocks including minced fish is classified

defective when one or more of the following conditions are encountered:
a) Decomposed, when more than 10% of the declared weight of the fish is
found to be decomposed as described in section 6, the sample unit is
considered decomposed and the lower acceptance number in parentheses
is used to determine lot acceptance; or
b) Tainted, when more than 10% of the declared weight of the fish is
found to be tainted as described in section 6, the sample unit is
considered tainted and the regular acceptance number is used to
determine lot acceptance; or
c) Tainted/Decomposed, when assessed individually the amounts of

tainted or decomposed fish are each less than 10%, but when
combined, the amount of tainted and decomposed fish exceeds more
than 10% of the declared weight, the sample unit is rejected as
tainted/decomposed and the regular acceptance number is used to
determine lot acceptance.
d) Unwholesome, when:
1) the number of incidents of parasites exceed the tolerance as
described in section 6.4 c) 2); or
2) the sample unit is affected by foreign matter; or
3) the sample unit is affected by dehydration on more than 10% of
the total surface area; or
4) the presence of excessive jellied flesh exceeds 10% of the
declared weight of the pack; or
5) the incidence of bones exceeds the tolerance prescribed in
section 6.4 c) 4) in packs designated as boneless.
3 1 8
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
9. LOT ACCEPTANCE
A lot will fail the requirements of this standard when:
a) any single instance of critical foreign matter is encountered; or
b) the total number of sample units found defective for tainted,

decomposed or unwholesome conditions, individually or in
combination, exceeds the acceptance number for the sample size
described in the sampling plans; or

size described in the sampling plans.
3 2 1
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
FRESH & FROZEN SHRIMP OR PRAWN STANDARD
1. INTRODUCTION
This standard for fresh and frozen shrimp* derives its authority from the
Fish Inspection Regulations. It defines minimum acceptability of fresh
and frozen shrimp for taint, decomposition, unwholesomeness and other
*NOTE: Throughout this document, the term "shrimp" will be used to

denote both shrimps and prawns.
2. SCOPE
This standard applies to fresh, frozen and previously frozen shrimp

prepared from species of any of the following families:
PENAEIDAE, PANDALIDAE, CRANGONIDAE, PALAEMONIDAE.
Fresh and frozen shrimp shall be prepared from sound, wholesome raw
material processed using good manufacturing practices.

include:

Food Hygiene, CAC/RCP 1-1969.

CAC/RM 42-1969.

9-1976.

16-1978.
5) Recommended International Code of Practice for Quick Frozen Shrimps

or Prawns, CAC/RS 92-1976.

Food Industry in Canada, Health Protection Branch, Health and
Welfare Canada, 1983.
3 2 2
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
7) Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) - Shrimp Processing, Inspection

Services, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, 1989.
3. NOMENCLATURE
a) The name of the product shall be "Shrimp", "Shrimps" or "Prawns".
b) If desired, "X Shrimp", "X Shrimps" or "X Prawns" may be used where
the "X" is the name of a country or a geographic area from which the
shrimps originate, or where "X" is the common name of the species in
accordance with the applicable sections of the Codex Alimentarius
Recommended International Code of Practice for Quick-Frozen Shrimps.
c) Any descriptive terms used, including those denoting style of

presentation and size designation, must accurately reflect the
contents of the unit. Note: If a size designation is declared, it
must be expressed in terms of a count range. Terms such as
"medium", "jumbo", etc. are unacceptable unless accompanied by a
count range.
Fresh and frozen shrimp may contain salt, lemon juice, citric acid,
seasonings, sugars and other ingredients, such as permitted additives.
Shrimp may be presented in the following ways:
a) Whole
Shrimp which have the head, shell and tail fan on.
b) Headless
Shrimp on which the head has been completely removed, but with shell
and tail fan on.
c) Peeled, tail fan on

Shrimp on which the head and shell have been removed down to the
last segment, but with the shell on the last segment and the tail
fan present.
d) Peeled, tail fan removed

Shrimp with the head, shell and tail fan removed.
e) Peeled and Deveined (Peeled and Cleaned)

In addition to having the head and shell removed, the vein has been
removed.
3 2 3
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
f) Butterfly Style (Fantail)

In addition to having the head, shell and vein removed, the peeled
segments of the shrimp have been split longitudinally through the
dorsal axis into two sections which remain attached on the ventral
side.
g) Broken (Pieces)
Pieces of shrimp containing less than 5 segments, for counts less
than 150/kg (70/lb); or
pieces of shrimp containing less than 4 segments, for counts greater

than 150/kg (70/lb).

above; and

5. SAMPLING
be taken.
sampling tables.

reinspection.

reinspection.
3 2 4
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
The sample unit shall consist of a package of shrimp and the contents
thereof. For package sizes of 2.27 kg (5 lb.) or greater, it is
permissible to examine a sub-unit consisting of at least 1 kg of product,
if, in the Inspector's opinion, a representative sub-unit can be
obtained.
6.1 Taint
A unit will be considered tainted when more than 10% of the number of
shrimps in the unit are affected by any of the following conditions:
a) Rancid
oil; or

b) Abnormal
as rancid or decomposed.
6.2 Decomposition
A unit will be considered decomposed when more than 10% of the number of
shrimps in the unit are affected by any of the following conditions:
a) Odour or flavour
ammonia, musty, yeasty, vegetable, sour, faecal,

b) Discolouration
Shrimp with distinct yellow, green or black, singly or in
combination, discolouration of the flesh; or
Shrimp with faded pigment or liver stain in association with odour

or flavour of decomposition.
c) Texture
Textural breakdown characterized by muscle structure which is mushy.
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Amend.no.1 20/07/93
6.3 Unwholesome

shrimp and which poses a threat to human health (such as glass,
etc.); or

has not been derived from shrimp and which poses a threat to
human health (such as solvents, fuel oil, etc.).
b) Foreign Material
found:
the presence of readily detectable (without magnification)

material which has not been derived from shrimp but does not
pose a threat to human health (such as insect pieces, sand,
etc.).
c) Other Defects
1) Blackspot
In the case of shell-on shrimp, 25% or more of the shrimps in
the unit contain distinct areas of black discolouration
(melanosis) which cover greater than 10% of the area of the
shell.
2) Dehydration (Freezer burn)

10% or more of the shrimp in the unit are affected by
dehydration or freezer burn.
6.4 Failure to Meet a Standard of Identity
a) Broken Shrimp
A unit will be considered defective for broken shrimp if it contains
greater than 5% m/m of broken shrimp when examined by the method
outlined in section 7.
b) Deveining (Cleaning)
In the case of deveined shrimp, a unit will be considered defective
for deveining if it is found to contain more than 5% by count of
improperly cleaned or deveined shrimp, when examined using the
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Amend.no.1 20/07/93
c) Size Designation
When a count range is declared, a unit will be considered defective
for size designation if the count is greater than the range
specified on the label, when examined by the method outlined in
section 7.
7.1 Complete net weight determination, according to defined procedures

(deglaze as required). If shrimp are breaded, examine for coating
defects as defined in the standard for breaded products; remove breading
as required according to defined procedures.
NOTE: For all product examinations conducted using sub-units, base

all calculations on the actual weight or number of shrimps in
the sub-unit, as appropriate.
7.2 Examine each unit for compliance to standards of identity as required.
When a size designation (count per lb or kg) is declared, count the

number of whole shrimp present. Calculate the whole shrimp per lb or kg
using the following formula:
number of whole shrimp in unit
))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) = # shrimp/lb or kg.
actual thawed wt. of unit (lb or kg)
During this procedure, separate broken pieces and determine the

percentage of broken shrimp present. The percentage of broken shrimp may
be calculated using the following formula:
weight of broken shrimp
)))))))))))))))))))))))))))) x 100 = % broken shrimp
actual thawed weight of unit
Where shrimp is further described on the label, the product is examined

for compliance. For example, compliance with the requirements for
deveining is determined as follows:
number of improperly deveined shrimp
)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) x 100 = % improperly deveined
number of shrimp in unit
7.3 Examine shrimp for presence of dehydration by counting the number of

shrimps in the unit containing any dehydration which can only be removed
with a knife or other sharp instrument. Determine the percentage
affected using the following formula:
number of shrimp affected
))))))))))))))))))))))))) x 100 = % affected by dehydration
number of shrimp in unit
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Amend.no.1 20/07/93
7.4 Examine package and thawed shrimp for presence of foreign material.
Assess shell-on shrimp for presence of blackspot; calculate the
percentage of shrimp affected in the unit.
7.5 Assess colour. Calculate the percentage of shrimp with distinct yellow
appearance and black discolouration of the flesh and shrimp affected by
faded pigment or liver stain when in association with an odour or flavour
of decomposition.
Cooking procedures may be used for reinspection purposes only when, in

the opinion of the inspector, cooking is required to define the flavour
in order to render a decision on the acceptance or rejection of the
sample unit. The unit is cooked according to the following procedure.
For all unit sizes, cook the entire unit. This may be done using a
boil-in-bag procedure, or by steaming or microwaving in a closed
container, until the protein at the centre of the shrimp has coagulated.
(Depending on the method chosen and the equipment available, cooking
times may vary. For example, a 500 g thawed sample unit should require a
cooking time of 3-4 minutes at a microwave power of 700 watts; the unit
should be stirred once during this procedure to ensure even heating).
Let cool slightly, then assess odour, flavour and texture of cooked unit.
Calculate percentage of unacceptable shrimps in the unit.
Note: When the amounts of tainted or decomposed shrimps are each less
than 10%, but exceed 10% when combined, the unit is rejected, and is
subject to the higher acceptance number (AQL 6.5) in the sampling and
acceptance plan.
A sample unit shall be classified as defective when it fails the defects

for decomposition, tainted or unwholesome conditions or the criteria for
the standards of identity as described in section 6, or when more than
10% of the declared weight of the sample unit is affected by any
combination of tainted or decomposed conditions.
9. LOT ACCEPTANCE

3 2 8
Amend.no.1 20/07/93

sampling plans; or


identity (style of presentation) and size designation or count range
(if a size designation or count range is declared), exceeds the
acceptance number for the sample size designated in the sampling
plans.
3 3 1
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
GENERAL FRESH & FROZEN FINFISH PRODUCT STANDARD
1. INTRODUCTION
This general standard for packaged fresh and frozen finfish derives its
authority from the Fish Inspection Regulations. It defines minimum
acceptability of fresh and frozen fish for taint, decomposition,
unwholesomeness and other requirements, other than weight, as defined in
the Fish Inspection Act and Regulations and describes methods for
determining that acceptability.
2. SCOPE
This standard applies to packaged fresh and frozen whole or dressed fish
and fillets excluding those species covered by the Fresh and Frozen
Groundfish Block and Fillet Standard or any other specific fresh or
frozen product standard.
Fresh and frozen fish shall be prepared from sound, wholesome raw

include:

Food Hygiene, CAC/RCP 1-1969 Rev. 1.

CAC/RM 42-1969.

9-1976.

16-1978.

3 3 2
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
3. NOMENCLATURE

Canada and in accordance with the Fish Inspection Regulations and any
4.1 Fresh and frozen finfish may be presented as uneviscerated, eviscerated,

fillets or blocks with or without skin, scales or bones, as appropriate
to the style of pack.
4.2 Fresh and frozen finfish may also be presented as minced fish blocks.
4.3 Any other presentation of the product may be permitted provided that it:

in 4.1 and 4.2; and

5. SAMPLING
be taken.
sampling tables.

reinspection.
3 3 3
Amend.no.1 20/07/93

reinspection.
The sample unit shall consist of a container of fish and the contents
thereof.
In the case of large containers (sample unit sizes of 10 kg or greater)

of bulk packaged fresh or individually frozen whole or dressed fish or
fresh or individually frozen fillets, the individual fish or fillet can
be considered the sample unit for the purpose of collecting samples for
examination.
6.1 Taint
A unit will be considered tainted when more than 10% of the declared
weight is affected by any of the following conditions:
a) Rancid
oil; or

b) Abnormal
burnt or acrid, metallic, associated with feed or strong iodoform
and not defined as rancid or decomposed.
6.2 Decomposition
A unit will be considered decomposed when more than 10% of the declared
weight is affected by any of the following conditions:
a) Odour or flavour
ammonia, bilge, faecal, fruity, hydrogen sulphide, musty,

putrid, saltfish-like, sour, sour milk-like, vegetable, and
yeasty.
b) Discolouration
Fish showing abnormal discolouration of the flesh, such as green or
3 3 4
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
black as associated with decomposition.
c) Texture
Textural breakdown of the flesh associated with decomposition which
is characterized by muscle structure which is very tough or dry, or
muscle structure which is mushy, or in the case of whole or dressed
fish, perforated bellies or broken bellies or belly walls, caused by
enzymatic action.
6.3 A sample unit shall be classified as defective when more than 10% of the
declared weight of the sample unit is affected by any combination of
6.4 Unwholesome

fish and which poses a threat to human health (such as glass,
etc.); or

has not been derived from fish and which poses a threat to
human health (such as solvents, fuel oil, etc.).
b) Foreign Material
found:
the presence of readily detectable material which has not been

derived from fish but does not pose a threat to human health
(such as insect pieces, sand, etc.).
c) Other Defects
1) Dehydration (Freezer burn)

More than 10% of the declared weight of the fish or fillets in
the unit are affected by dehydration affecting more than 10% of
their surface area.
2) Parasites
Only nematodes or copepod parasites having capsular diameter of
greater than 3 mm or, if not encapsulated, a length of greater
than 10 mm will be considered in determining whether the lot is
acceptable with respect to parasites. For packs of 1 kg and
3 3 5
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
greater, the presence of 2 or more parasites per kg of sample

unit will result in rejection of the sample. For packs of less
than 1 kg, the presence of parasites at a rate of infestation
greater than an average of 1 parasite per kg of total sample
will result in rejection of the sample. For example, a sample
consisting of 13 units of 500g each would be rejected if 7 or
more parasites were found.
The following parasite occurrences will result in the sample

unit being classified as defective:
Pack Size Reject Parasite Level
1 kg Use average as described above

5 lb 3
10 lb 5
15 lb 7
16.5 lb 8
18.5 lb 9
20 lb 10
50 lb 23
3) Bones (Boneless packs only)

One bone A 1 mm in diameter or A 10 mm in length per kg fish.
4) Undesireable Parts
Each incidence of viscera.
7.1 Complete net weight determination, according to defined procedures

(deglaze as required).
7.2 Examine the frozen fish for the presence of dehydration by measuring
those areas which can only be removed with a knife or other sharp
instrument. Measure the total surface area of the fish or fillet, and
determine the percentage affected using the following formula:
area affected
)))))))))))))))))) x 100 = % affected by dehydration
total surface area
7.3 Thaw as necessary. The fresh or defrosted fish or fillets in the entire
unit are examined individually for the presence of foreign matter,
undesirable parts, nematodes and copepods, and other parasites with
defined tolerances. Parasite examination for nematodes and copepods will
be non-destructive, that is the fish are not filleted or the skin removed
from fillets to assist in parasite detection. The parasites are removed
and the total number of incidents counted to determine sample unit
3 3 6
Amend.no.1 20/07/93
compliance.
7.4 Each entire sample unit of fresh or defrosted fillets is examined in its
entirety for odour, colour and texture. In the case of a reinspection,
where an inspector is unable to make a decision on acceptance or
rejection of a unit without evaluating flavour, the portion of the unit
requiring confirmation of odour/flavour may be cooked using a boil-in-bag
or similar procedure, or by oven heating or microwaving in a closed
container, until the protein at the centre of the fish has coagulated.
(Depending on the method chosen and the equipment available, cooking
times may vary. For example, a 500 g thawed sample unit should require a
cooking time of 3-4 minutes at a microwave power of 700 watts; the unit
should be turned once during this procedure to ensure even heating.).
Let cool slightly, then assess odour, flavour and texture of cooked unit.
Calculate percentage of unacceptable fish in the unit.
7.5 In the case of whole or dressed fish, the entire sample unit is to be
examined in its presented form, using the criteria outlined in Section 5,
for the determination of taint, decomposition and unwholesomeness. A
thorough examination is to be made of the belly walls for evidence of
perforated or broken bellies caused by enzymatic action of the stomach
content (autolysis). Should there be evidence of perforated or broken
belly walls or other signs of decomposition then the entire unit is
further examined for flesh odours by tearing or making a cut across the
back of the neck such that the exposed surface flesh can be evaluated for
decomposition or taint.
Where no broken or perforated bellies are encountered, a minimum of at

least 10% of the declared weight of each unit, or a minimum of 10 fish,
whichever is greater, will be further examined for flesh odours by
tearing or making a cut across the back of the neck.
7.6 Record defects on the appropriate worksheet.
A sample unit shall be classified as "defective" when it fails the

defects for decomposition, tainted, or unwholesome conditions as
described in section 6, or when more than 10% by declared weight of the
sample unit is affected by any combination of tainted or decomposed
conditions.
9. LOT ACCEPTANCE

3 3 7
Amend.no.1 20/07/93

sampling plans; or

3 4 1
Amend.no.7 21/06/00
FRESH AND FROZEN SCALLOP STANDARD
1. INTRODUCTION
This standard for fresh or frozen scallop meats, scallops with roe
attached, and whole scallops derives its authority from the Fish
Inspection Act and Regulations. It defines minimum acceptability for
taint, decomposition, unwholesomeness and other requirements, other than
weight, as defined in the Fish Inspection Act and Regulations and
2. SCOPE
This standard applies to all fresh or frozen or previously frozen

shucked-scallop meats (adductor muscle) with or without roe attached and
whole scallops from any species of the family Pectinidae.
Fresh or frozen scallops shall be prepared from sound, wholesome raw


include:
a) Recommended International Code of Practice - General Principles of

Food Hygiene, CAC/RCP 1-1969 Rev. 1.
b) Codex Alimentarius Sampling Plans for Prepackaged Foods (AQL 6.5)

CAC/RM 42-1969.
c) Recommended International Code of Practice for Fresh Fish, CAC/RCP

9-1976.
d) Recommended International Code of Practice for Frozen Fish, CAC/RCP

16-1978.
e) Code of Practice - General Principles of Food Hygiene for Use by the

3 4 2
Amend.no.7 21/06/00
3. NOMENCLATURE
The name of the product shall be "Scallops" or "Scallop Meats" except as

noted below:
a) Scallops of the species Argopecten gibbus and Argopecten irradians

shall be designated as "Calico Scallops" and "Bay Scallops"
respectively.
b) If desired, "X Scallops" may be used where "X" is the name of a

country or geographic area from which the scallops originate, or
where "X" is the common name of the species.
c) Whole scallops and scallops with roe attached shall be designated as

such.
d) Pieces of scallop meats shall be identified with an appropriate name

such as "Scallop Pieces".
e) Any descriptive terms used must accurately represent the contents of

the container.
f) Green Tube is defined as the rear portion of the intestinal tract

which is normally green in colour but may be white or gray.
g) Viscera is defined as all internal organs including roe, but does

not include the rear portion of the intestinal tract, referred to as
the "green tube".
h) Adductor Muscle With Roe Attached: It is recognised that viscera

for Adductor Muscle With Roe Attached means all viscera except the
roe.
4.1 Adductor Muscle Only
a) Fresh - Whole adductor muscles.
b) IQF - Individually quick-frozen whole adductor muscles.
c) Block - Whole adductor muscles frozen together in a uniform block.

3 4 3
Amend.no.7 21/06/00
4.2 Adductor Muscle with Roe Attached
a) Fresh - Whole adductor muscles with roe attached.
b) IQF - Individually quick-frozen whole adductor muscles with roe

attached.
c) Block - Whole adductor muscles with roe attached frozen together in

a uniform block.
4.3 Whole Scallops
a) Fresh - Live scallops marketed in the shell.
b) IQF - Individually quick-frozen whole scallops marketed in the

shell.

above;
b) meets all Canadian regulatory requirements; and

5. SAMPLING
The sampling and tolerance plans, found in the Sampling Section of the
Fish Products Standards and Methods manual, shall be used to determine
the acceptability of the lot. The sampling plans dictate the minimum
sample size to be taken. If in the opinion of the inspector it is
necessary to obtain more than the minimum sample size specified, the
number of sample units taken must correspond to a sample size in the plan
with a corresponding acceptance number.
3 4 4
Amend.no.7 21/06/00

sampling tables. The tables specify the minimum number of sample units
to be used for the following types of inspections:
a) Level I - Sensory examination of all products subject to inspection

other than lots which are subject to re-inspection.

re-inspection.
The sample unit shall consist of a container of scallops and the entire
contents thereof.
For IQF and fresh bulk packages 2.00 kilograms or greater, a 1 kilogram
sub-sample of product may be obtained if the sub-sample is
representative. When sub-samples are taken, each sub-sample shall be
obtained from a different unit.
If a representative sub-sample cannot be obtained the entire unit must be

examined.
6.1 Taint
A unit will be considered tainted when more than 10% of the actual weight
is affected by any of the following conditions:
a) Rancid
Odour characterised by the distinct or persistent odour of oxidized

oil; or
Flavour characterised by that of oxidized oil which leaves a

b) Abnormal

metallic, burnt or acrid and not defined as rancid or decomposed.
3 4 5
Amend.no.7 21/06/00
6.2 Decomposition
A unit will be considered decomposed when more than 10% of the actual
weight is affected by the following condition:
Odour or Flavour
Persistent, distinct and uncharacteristic odour or flavour associated

with spoilage, including but not limited to the following:
ammonia, bilge, faecal, fruity, hydrogen sulphide, musty, putrid,

saltfish-like, vegetable, turnip or yeasty.
6.3 Taint/Decomposed
A sample unit shall be classified as defective when more than 10% of the
actual weight of the sample unit is affected by any combination of
6.4 Unwholesome
6.4.1 Foreign Material
A lot will be considered defective for all forms of product

presentation when any of the following conditions are found:
i) the presence of any material which poses a threat to human

ii) distinct and persistent odour or flavour of any material which

etc.).
b) Foreign Material
A unit will be considered defective for all forms of product

presentation when the following condition is found:
the presence of readily detectable material which has not been

derived from scallops but does not pose a threat to human
health (such as insect pieces, wood, etc., except sand and
3 4 6
Amend.no.7 21/06/00
seaweed as described below).
c) Habitat-Related Foreign Material
A unit will be considered defective for all forms of product

presentation when any of the following conditions are found:
i) piece(s) of seaweed which measures 25 mm in any dimension

singularly or in combination, based on a unit size of 1 kg and
pro-rated to smaller or larger sample units; or
ii) the presence of sand affecting more than 10% of the sample unit
by weight.
6.4.2 Undesirable Parts
A unit will be considered defective for all forms of product presentation

when the following condition is found:
piece(s) of shell fragments which measure greater than 10 mm in any

dimension singularly or in combination, based on a unit size of 1 kg
and pro-rated to smaller or larger sample units.
6.4.3 Other Defects
A lot will be considered defective for all forms of product presentation

when any of the following conditions are found:
a) Moisture Content
Scallop meats exceeding the action level of 81.0% for moisture

content.
b) Viscera Excluding Green Tube
Scallop meats, scallops with roe attached, and whole scallops must
satisfy the requirement of the policy relating to biotoxins as
determined by Health Canada and documented in the Canadian
Guidelines for Chemical Contaminants and Toxins in Fish and Fish
Products, Fish Seafood and Production Division, Canadian Food
Inspection Agency (see Appendix A).
3 4 7
Amend.no.7 21/06/00
The requirements of the Canadian Shellfish Sanitation Program (CSSP)

to control marine biotoxins in Adductor Muscle With Roe Attached and
Whole Scallops (live in shell) must also be satisfied.
Note: The presence of a trace amount of membrane or a stain, due to

viscera, roe, etc. is not a defect for the purpose of this
standard.
A unit will be considered defective for all forms of product presentation

when any of the following conditions are found:
c) Workmanship Defect - Viscera Excluding Green Tube
The presence of viscera affecting more than 10% of the sample by

weight, where it has been demonstrated that the toxicity associated
with the viscera satisfies the requirements of the policy relating
to biotoxins according to section 6.4.3 b).
d) Dehydration (Freezer Burn)
i) Block: More than 10% of the surface area of the sample unit is
affected by dehydration.
ii) IQF: More than 10% of the scallops by weight, in the sample,
are affected by dehydration.
e) Parasites
For packs of 1 kg and greater, when the number of parasites per kg

of sample unit is equal to or greater than 2.
For packs of less than 1 kg, when an average parasite per kg of the
total sample is equal to or greater than 1.
Example:
A sample consisting of 13 sample units each weighing 500 grams would

be considered defective if 7 or more parasites were found.
Total weight of sample: 500 g x 13 = 6.5 kg

Parasites per kilogram: 7 parasites/6.5 kg = 1.07
Calico Scallops: For the species Agropectin gibbus, the presence of

3 4 8
Amend.no.7 21/06/00
parasites affecting equal to or greater than 10% of the sample by

weight.
f) Green Tube
When the rear portion of the intestinal tract, the "green tube", is
longer than the catch muscle and more than 10% by weight of the
scallops in the pack are affected by the presence of the "green
tube" (see Appendix B).
6.5 Standard of Identity
a) Size Designation
When a count range is declared, a sample unit will be considered

defective if the count is greater than the range specified on the
label.
b) Scallop Meats
A 5% tolerance by sample weight will be applied to the presence of

pieces of scallop meats found in scallop packs. Product exceeding
this tolerance shall be identified with an appropriate name such as
"Scallop Pieces".
"Scallop Pieces"
When the product is graded according to count, a scallop is

considered to be a scallop piece when the weight of the scallop
piece is less than fifty percent (50%) of the average weight of ten
(10) whole scallops representing the highest count in the pack.
Example: 30-40 count pack
- Average weight of ten (10) whole scallops representing the

highest count in the pack: In this example, add together the
weight of ten whole scallops representing the 40 count and
divide the total weight by ten. (11.4 + 11.6 + 11.4 + 11.6 +
11.8 + 11.6 + 11.8 + 11.6 + 11.6 + 11.4)/10 = 11.58 grams
- Fifty percent (50%) of the average weight: 11.58 x .5 = 5.79

grams
3 4 9
Amend.no.7 21/06/00
- Scallop Piece: any piece of scallop less than 5.79 grams.
When the product is not graded according to count, a scallop will be

considered to be a scallop piece when the weight of the scallop
piece is less than fifty percent (50%) of the average weight of ten
(10) whole scallops contained in the pack.
Example:
- average weight of ten (10) whole scallops contained in the

pack: Add together the weight of ten whole scallops in the
pack and divide the total weight by ten. (9.1 + 9.3 + 9.5 + 9.5
+ 9.4 + 9.6 + 9.4 + 9.3 + 9.2 + 9.2)/10 = 9.35 grams
- fifty percent (50%) of the average weight: 9.35 x .5 = 4.67

grams
- Scallop Piece: any scallop piece less than 4.67 grams.
The methodology described in this section outlines the procedure for the
examination of scallop products. The examination shall be made on final
products in the fresh, frozen and/or defrosted state for tainted,
decomposed or unwholesome conditions and for failure to meet standards of
identity.
7.1 Examination for Frozen State Defects
The frozen scallops in the container are examined for the presence of
freezer burn, i.e., dehydration which can only be removed with a knife or
other sharp instrument.
7.1.1 Dehydration - Block
The area affected by dehydration is measured and the total surface area
of the block is determined. Inspectors shall then determine the percent
area affected by using the following calculation:
% of dehydration = Area affected x 100

Total surface area
3 4 10
Amend.no.7 21/06/00
7.1.2 Dehydration - IQF
In the case of IQF scallops, the weight of individual scallops affected

by dehydration is determined. The total weight of scallops in the sample
unit is also determined. Inspectors shall then calculate the percentage
of scallops affected by using the following calculation:
% of scallops affected = Weight of affected scallops x 100

Weight of scallops in sample unit
7.2 Examination of Fresh or Defrosted Scallop Packs
The fresh or defrosted sample unit is examined in its entirety for

defects.
7.3 Determining the Cause for Rejection of a Sample Unit
Scallops within the sample units shall be classified according to whether

they are acceptable or not acceptable. If not acceptable, the scallops
will be classified as decomposed, tainted or unwholesome. Should the
scallops be both tainted and decomposed, for the purpose of the
application of this standard and the interpretation of the sampling plan,
the scallops are deemed to be decomposed. In the case of tainted and/or
decomposed scallops, the affected scallops are weighed to determine the
percent of the sample unit which is affected in each category. The
calculation is performed as follows:
% Decomposed scallops = Weight of scallops affected x 100

Actual weight of sample
% Tainted scallops = Weight of scallops affected x 100

Actual weight of sample
A sample unit of scallops shall be classified as defective when one or

more of the following conditions are encountered:
a) Decomposed: When more than 10% of the actual weight of the

scallops, as calculated in section 7.3 are found to be decomposed,
the sample unit is considered decomposed as described in section
6.2.
3 4 11
Amend.no.7 21/06/00
b) Tainted: When more than 10% of the actual weight of the scallops,
as calculated in section 7.3 are found to be tainted, the sample
unit is considered tainted as described in section 6.1.
c) Tainted/Decomposed: The sample unit is considered

tainted/decomposed when assessed individually and the quantity of
tainted or decomposed scallops is each less than 10%, as calculated
in section 7.3, but when in combination the quantity of tainted and
decomposed scallops exceeds 10% of the actual weight, the sample
unit is tainted/decomposed as described in section 6.3.
d) Unwholesome when:
i) the sample unit is affected by the presence of foreign material

which exceeds the tolerance described in section 6.4.1 b) or
c); or
ii) the sample unit is affected by the presence of undesirable

parts which exceeds the tolerance described in 6.4.2; or
iii) the sample unit is affected by the presence of other defects

which exceeds the tolerances as described in section 6.4.3.
e) Standard Of Identity when:
i) the count of scallop meats in the sample unit is greater than

the declared count; or
ii) a unit labelled as scallop meats contains more than 5% by

weight of Scallop Pieces.
9. LOT ACCEPTANCE
A lot will fail the requirements of this standard when:
a) any single instance of critical foreign matter is encountered; or
b) an occurrence of viscera presents a health and safety hazard due to

the presence of marine biotoxin; or
c) scallop meats exceed the action level for moisture content pursuant
to the policy in the Fish Products Inspection Manual; or
3 4 12
Amend.no.7 21/06/00
d) the total number of sample units found defective for tainted,

decomposed or unwholesome conditions, individually or in
combination, exceeds the acceptance number for the sample size
designated in the sampling plans; or
e) the total number of sample units found defective for decomposition

f) the total number of sample units found defective for standard of

identity exceeds the acceptance number for the sample size
designated in the sampling plans.
3 4 A-1
Amend.no.7 21/06/00
APPENDIX A
MARINE BIOTOXINS IN SCALLOPS
Marine biotoxins constitute a health and safety hazard associated with scallops.
Marine biotoxins accumulate predominantly in the viscera of the scallop,
although low levels of amnesic shellfish poison and paralytic shellfish poison
may occur in the adductor muscle. Processors and importers of scallops in
Canada are required to control the chemical hazard of marine biotoxins in
scallops.
Control is accomplished by:
a) producing scallops which are free of viscera, as determined by a

sampling plan described by the International Commission on
Microbiological Specifications for Foods1 (ICMSF). That is, for any
lot size, sample size (n) = 5; acceptance number (c) = 0; or
b) if lots contain viscera in excess of the incidence described above

in (a), test the lot for toxicity in accordance with the Canadian
Guidelines for Chemical Contaminants and Toxins in Fish and Fish
Products.
1
See ICMSF "Microorganisms in Foods 2, Sampling for Microbiological Analysis:
Principles and Specific Applications", Ch. 3, Table 2, pg. 22.
3 4 B-1
Amend.no.7 21/06/00
APPENDIX B
ADDUCTOR MUSCLE IN SCALLOPS

Chapter Standard Page
App. 1 - 1
Fish Products Standards Status Date

and Methods Manual New 24/06/05
APPENDIX 1
APPROVED THERAPEUTANTS FOR AQUACULTURE USE
This appendix provides information on the authorized use of drugs and pesticides
in the aquaculture of fish and crustaceans.
A drug used in aquaculture must be either:
1. approved by Health Canada specifically for use in fish or crustaceans;
2. authorized as an Emergency Drug Release (EDR) by Health Canada when the

drug has not been approved in Canada (i.e., the drug has not been assigned
a Drug Identification Number (DIN) by Health Canada);
3. authorized for testing purposes under an Experimental Studies Certificate,

issued by Health Canada;
4. approved as an Investigational New Drug Submission by Health Canada for

clinical trials; or
5. prescribed by a licensed veterinarian for "off-label" use (only applies to

products with an assigned Drug Identification Number).
Health Canada's Veterinary Drugs Program is responsible for establishing the

maximum residue limits (MRLs), administrative maximum residue limits (AMRLs) or
residue limits for these drugs. MRLs are published in Table III of Division 15
of the Food and Drugs Regulations. Administrative MRLs or residue limits are
established as policy by the Veterinary Drugs Program of Health Canada. If
levels of drug residues in excess of these limits are found in fish intended for
human consumption, the fish will be considered "unwholesome", according to
Section 6.(1)(a) of the Fish Inspection Regulations.
Dosages and withdrawal times for veterinary drugs must be followed as indicated
in the veterinary prescription or, in those cases where a prescription is not
required, in the Compendium of Medicating Ingredient Brochures (CMIB) published
and maintained by the CFIA.
When an antiparasitic product is orally administered to fish (via feed or

another mechanism) it is deemed to be a drug and it is regulated by the Food and
Drugs Act and Regulations.
When the same antiparasitic is applied externally to fish (not ingested) it is

deemed a pesticide and it is regulated by the Pest Control Products Act. The
App. 1 - 2

and Methods Manual mend.no 14 17/11/09
Pest Management Regulatory Agency within Health Canada approves or grants

emergency release permits for pesticides under the Pest Control Products Act.
List of Veterinary Drugs Products1 Approved by the Veterinary Drugs Program of

Health Canada for Use in Aquaculture
Product Approved Substance Residue Limit Tissue Species
Brand Name
(:g/g)* (ng/g)*
Oxysol Oxytetracycline 0.2A 200A Muscle Salmonids

Lobster
Romet 30 Sulfadimethoxine 0.1B 100B Edible Salmonids

TissuesX
Ormetoprim 0.1B 100B Edible Salmonids

TissuesX
Tribrissen Sulfadiazine 0.1A 100A Edible Salmonids

40% TissuesX
Trimethoprim 0.1A 100A Muscle Salmonids
Aqua Life Tricaine 0.01B 10B Edible Salmonids

TMS methanesulfonate TissuesX
Aquaflor Florfenicol 0.8A,C 800A,C Muscle Salmonids
SLICE® Emamectin Benzoate 0.1D 100D Muscle Salmonids
* (:g/g) = parts per million (ppm) and (ng/g) = parts per billion (ppb)
X “Edible tissues” includes muscle and skin
A. Maximum Residue Limit (MRL): As stipulated in Food and Drug Regulations,

Division 15, Table III. A lot of fish will be considered reject when the
sample residue value exceeds its established MRL.
B. Administrative Maximum Residue Limit (AMRL) - Awaiting completion of the
Canadian legal process for publishing in Food and Drug Regulations. A lot of
fish will be considered reject when the sample residue value exceeds its
AMRL.
C. A lot of fish will be considered reject when the sum of florfenicol (parent
drug) and florfenciol amine (metabolite) detected in the sample exceeds the
florfenciol MRL.
D. Proposed Administrative Maximum Residue Limit - Health Canada has approved
1
Information presented is derived from Health Canada with references as follows:
Veterinary Drugs Directorate: Table 1. Administrative Maximum Residue Limits (AMRLs) and Maximum
Residue Limits (MRLs) set by Canada: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/vet/mrl-lmr/mrl-lmr_
versus_new-nouveau-eng.php
App. 1 - 3

and Methods Manual mend.no 14 17/11/09
the sale of this drug in Canada. Publication on Health Canada’s website and
completion of the Canadian legal process for publishing in Food and Drug
Regulations is in progress. A lot of fish will be considered reject when the
sample residue value exceeds the proposed AMRL. Note: Emamectin benzoate
(SLICE®) will remain in Health Canada’s EDR program until the drug’s
packaging/labelling meets Canadian requirements. Under the EDR program, the
conditions for release with respect to the withdrawal period is zero (0)
days for the dosage specified on the drug label2 and 60 days for the
subsequent administration.
List of Veterinary Drug Products Temporarily Authorized as

an EDR by the Veterinary Drugs Program of Health Canada
for use in Aquaculture
Teflubenzuron (Calicide ®) is currently authorised by Health Canada on a case by

case basis under its Emergency Drug Release (EDR) program. The interim action
levels for Teflubenzuron (Calicide ®) in salmonids are > 0.30 µg/g (300 ng/g) in
the muscle of fish and > 3.2 µg/g (3200 ng/g) in the skin of fish.
Erythromycin is only authorised by Health Canada on a case-by-case basis under

the Emergency Drug Release (EDR) program. The interim action level for
erythromycin is > 0.030 :g/g (30 ng/g) in the muscle of fish and crustaceans.
Other Related Information
Information on veterinary chemicals, Parasite-S ® or Formalin-R Solution

(Formaldehyde); Perox-AidTM (hydrogen peroxide); Pyceze® (Bronopol) and Ovadine®
(Povidone - Iodine), for use in fish egg disinfection in Canadian fish hatchery
and aquaculture facilities can be found at:
http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/enviro/aah-saa/vchemicals-chimiquesv-eng.htm
2
Labelled dosage: 50 :g emamectin benzoate/kg biomass/day
App. 2 - 1

and Methods Manual Amend.no.15 08/01/2010
APPENDIX 2
BACTERIOLOGICAL GUIDELINES FOR FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS
2 2
Test Product Number Acceptance m/g M/g Criteria for
Organism 1
Type of number (c)2 action
sample
units
Escherichia Cooked or 5 1 4 40 Reject if 2 or
coli ready-to- more units
eat exceed m, or
products if any unit
exceeds M
Raw 5 1 230/100 g 330/100 Reject if 2 or
molluscan g more units
shellfish exceed m, or
if any unit
exceeds M
All other 5 2 4 40 Reject if 3 or
types more units
exceed m, or
if any unit
exceeds M
Coagulase- All types 5 1 1000 10000 Reject if 2 or
Positive more units
Staphylo- exceed m, or
cocci if any unit
exceeds M
Salmonella All types 5 Absent in Reject if
each 25 g Salmonella spp
sample or is detected
in pooled
samples of
125 g.
Vibrio Cooked or 5 Absent in Reject if
cholerae ready-to- each 25 g Vibrio
eat sample or cholerae is
products in pooled detected.
samples of
125 g
1
The analysis of all fish or fishery products shall be conducted in accordance
with approved methods
2
m - number of bacteria per gram separating acceptable from marginally
acceptable samples, c - number of samples that may exceed this number of
bacteria per gram, M - no sample can exceed this number of bacteria per gram
App. 2 - 2

and Methods Manual Amend.no.15 08/01/2010
Listeria monocytogenes (From Health Canada’s Policy on listeria monocytogenes

in Ready-to-Eat Foods, available at:
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/legislation/pol/policy_listeria_monocytogenes_poli
tique_toc-eng.php)
Product Type Laboratory method to be Unsatisfactory if:

applied
Lower risk RTE fish product
A fish product that was
processed in an establishment
that meets the FIR (i.e. all
federally registered plants that
are not undergoing
investigation, suspension or Enumeration > 100 cfu/g*
revocation) AND that: (MFLP-74* or equivalent)
- is refrigerated with a shelf- on 5 sample units
life # 10 days, OR *as per method
- is frozen, OR reporting limit
- has a pH < 5.0, OR
- has an aw #.92, OR
- has a pH < 5.5 AND an aw < .95
(Equivalent to Category 3
products with adequate GMPs in
HC policy)
Cold smoked rainbow trout with a
refrigerated shelf-life > 10
days
Synonymous names for rainbow Presence/absence in 50 g Detected in 50 g
trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (MFHPB-30 or equivalent)
include: deep sea trout, on 5 sample units
steelhead trout and steelhead
salmon.
(Equivalent to Category 1
products)
All other RTE fish products
(Equivalent to Category 2 Presence/absence in 25 g Detected in 25 g
products and Category 3 products (MFHPB-30 or equivalent)
with inadequate, absent or no on 5 sample units
information on GMPs)
Draft Chapter Standard Page
App. 3 - 1

and Methods Manual Amend. no.14 25/09/09
APPENDIX 3
CANADIAN GUIDELINES FOR CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS AND
TOXINS IN FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS
1
CONTAMINANTS PRODUCT TYPE ACTION LEVEL
Mercury All fish products (except swordfish, 0.5 ppm
shark, fresh and frozen tuna, escolar,
orange roughy and marlin)
Swordfish, shark, fresh and frozen tuna, 1.0 ppm
escolar, orange roughy and marlin
Arsenic Fish protein concentrate 3.5 ppm
Lead Fish protein concentrate 0.5 ppm
Fluoride Fish protein concentrate 150 ppm
2,3,7,8 TCDD All fish products 20 ppt
(Dioxin) *UNDER REVIEW*
DDT and All fish products 5.0 ppm
Metabolites
(DDD and DDE)
PCB All fish products 2.0 ppm

*UNDER REVIEW*
Piperonyl Dried Cod 1.0 ppm
butoxide
Other All fish products 0.1 ppm
agricultural
chemicals or
their
derivatives
1
Based on contaminants level of edible weight
NOTES:
SAMPLING: Samples to consist of a minimum of 5 units representative of the lot.
Analysis may be carried out on a composite of all sample units.
CRITERIA FOR ACTION: A lot of fish will be considered reject if the sample
value exceeds the action level. Fish or fish products exceeding these
guidelines may be permitted for export if they do not violate regulations of
the importing country.
App. 3 - 2

Toxin Product Type Action Level

2
Histamine Enzyme Ripened Products (e.g. 20 mg / 100 g
anchovies, anchovy paste, fish sauce)
(Scombroid Poisoning) All other scombroid fish products 10 mg / 100 g
(e.g. canned or fresh or frozen tuna,
mackerel, mahi-mahi)
Saxitoxins Molluscan shellfish (edible portion) 80 µg/100 g
(PSP) 3
Domoic Acid Molluscan shellfish (edible portion) 20 µg/g
(ASP)3
DTX-1 and Okadaic Acid Molluscan shellfish (edible portion) 20 µg/100 g
(DSP)3 Molluscan shellfish (digestive 1 µg/g

tissue)
Pectenotoxins: Molluscan shellfish (edible portion) 20 µg/100 g
PTX-2,
PTX-2 seco acid,
PTX-2 seco acid 7 epi Molluscan shellfish (digestive 1 µg/g
tissue)
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS:
2
Histamine
! Samples are collected according to Sampling Plan 1 (AQL 6.5) for Initial
Inspection and Sampling Plan 2 (AQL 6.5) for Reinspection. See the
Sampling Policy and Procedures at:
http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/fssa/fispoi/man/samnem/sameche.shtml
! Any sample exceeding 50 mg/100 g will result in the lot being rejected
with no right to reinspection.
! The acceptance number is that corresponding to the number for

decomposition.
PSP , ASP and DSP 3 (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning, Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning
- Domoic Acid, Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning - Okadaic Acid and/or DTX-1)
! Procedures for closures of shellfish areas, and possible recall of
product due to samples of shellfish containing toxin levels equal to or
greater than the above action levels can be found in Chapter 11 of the
CSSP Manual.
(http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/fssa/fispoi/man/cssppccsm/chap11e.shtml)
! The minimum acceptable sample is that which when shucked will produce 100
g of drained meats from 5 pooled sub-samples. Depending on the size of
animals, the total number of shellfish required varies from 3 (geoducks)
to 25 (pink scallops).
App. 3 - 3

BACKGROUND LEVELS FOR NON-PERMITTED ADDITIVES

4
ADDITIVE PRODUCT TYPE BACKGROUND LEVEL5
Nitrites All fish and fish products (except 15 ppm (see note 2)
marine mammal meat 6)
Nitrates All fish and fish products 15 ppm (see note 2)
7
Sulphites Clams (raw and canned) 10 ppm
8
Phosphates Shrimp (raw, cooked and canned) 1.60 %
Scallops (raw) 1.47 %

Fish fillets 1.37 %
Crab (raw and cooked) 1.70 %

Lobster (raw and cooked) 1.47 %
Surf clams (raw and cooked) 1.00 %
4
The compounds listed in this table are food additives; however some background
levels may occur naturally in some foods.
5
When the additive is not permitted, then the action level is the background
level or detection limit; when the additive is permitted, then the action level
is the background level or detection limit plus the permitted amount.
6
Marine mammals, including seals are included in the definition of "fish" as
per the Canadian Food and Drug Regulations. Sodium nitrite is permitted in
marine mammal meats at the maximum level of 200 ppm.
7
Calculated as sulphur dioxide.
8
Calculated as sodium phosphate, dibasic.
Note:
1. If a processor can provide reliable data for naturally occurring
background levels that are higher than those shown above, this may be
considered before product action is taken.
2. Some herbs, including parsley, contain high levels of naturally occurring

nitrates. This has to be considered when nitrates are detected in fish
products containing herbs as an ingredient.

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FISH PRODUCTS STANDARDS

AND METHODS MANUAL

SUBJECT: UPDATE TO GENERAL FRESH AND FROZEN FINFISH PRODUCT STANDARD

The purpose of this bulletin is to advise manual holders of an update to

Where no broken or perforated bellies are encountered, a minimum of at

The standard will be amended shortly to reflect the above modification.

Note: This bulletin supersedes bulletin no. 2 of 18/03/94

The purpose of this bulletin is to advise manual holders of an interim change

Only nematodes or copepod parasites having a capsular diameter of greater

a) For packs less than 1 Kg, an average greater than or equal to 2

Example: a sample of 6 units of 400g each would be rejected if 5 or

b) For packs of 1 kg or greater, a sample unit will be considered

SUBJECT: COMMENSAL/PARASITIC CRABS - NEW ZEALAND MUSSELS

A unit of New Zealand mussels will be considered defective for the

The lot will be considered unacceptable if the total number of sample

When the Fresh/Frozen Molluscan Shellfish Product Standard is finalized the

SUBJECT: EXTRANEOUS MATERIAL IN SEMI-PROCESSED SHRIMP

A unit will be considered defective if:

4 or more pieces of seaweed (singly or in combination) which exceed

a sample unit contains 5% or more, by weight, of juvenile fish or

CHAPTER 2: CANNED PRODUCTS

Standard 1: Canned Tuna

CHAPTER 3: FRESH AND FROZEN PRODUCTS

Standard 1: Fresh and Frozen Groundfish

CHAPTER 4: PICKLED, SPICED AND MARINATED PRODUCTS *

CHAPTER 5: SALTED AND/OR DRIED PRODUCTS *

CHAPTER 6: PREPARED/SECONDARY PRODUCTS *

APPENDIX 1 - APPROVED THERAPEUTANTS FOR AQUACULTURE USE

APPENDIX 2 - BACTERIOLOGICAL GUIDELINES FOR FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS

APPENDIX 3 - CANADIAN GUIDELINES FOR CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS AND TOXINS IN FISH

Ammonia The odour/flavour stimulus usually associated with

Bilge The odour/flavour stimulus associated anaerobic bacterial

Blocks Cohering fish flesh consisting of fillets, pieces of

Boned Fish fillets in which a major effort has been made to

Broken With respect to fresh and frozen shrimp, a portion of

Candling The process used in the detection of parasites by placing

Cartilage With respect to crustaceans, this term is used to refer

Chalky Texture Dry and powdery, leaving the sensation of a chalky

Dehydration A white or yellow abnormality on the surface of frozen

Distinct* Capable of being readily perceived (by sight, smell,

Faecal The odour/flavour stimulus such as that associated with

Feedy The odour/flavour stimulus resulting from the food

Fillets Slices of fish flesh of irregular size and shape have

Fruity The odour/flavour stimulus such as that associated with

Head With respect to shrimp, the cephalothorax, or any portion

Honeycombing A condition characterized by decomposition of the flesh

Hydrogen Sulphide The odour/flavour stimulus associated with rotten eggs.

Iodoform The odour/flavour stimulus associated with some iodine

IQF (FSI) An acronym for individually quick frozen fillets.

Jelly Fish flesh which has an abnormally high moisture content

Layer Pack A fillet pack where the fillets are individually

Liver Stain A discolouration ranging from yellow to dark brown caused

Musty The odour/flavour stimulus associated with the presence

Oxidized Oil The odour/flavour stimulus associated with the oxidation

Persistent* Existing without significant change; not fleeting.

Pungent A sharp or stinging sensation of an odour such as that of

Putrid The odour/flavour stimulus associated with the advanced

Rancid The odour/flavour stimulus associated with oxidized oil