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    Lec. - Railway Engineering Assist. Lec. Zaid Abdul Zahra Mahdi

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    nouri
    The document discusses different methods for developing railway lines in mountainous areas, including the zigzag line method, switchback method, and spiral or complete loop method. It then describes some key characteristics of mountain railways, such as steep gradients over 3%, narrow gauges of 762 mm or 610 mm, sharp curvatures up to 40 degrees, and zigzag alignments. Finally, it provides an overview of track components and the forces acting on the track, including vertical loads from dead and dynamic loads as well as lateral forces from live loads and locomotive shunting.

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    Lec. - Railway Engineering Assist. Lec. Zaid Abdul Zahra Mahdi

    Uploaded by

    nouri
    51 views3 pages
    The document discusses different methods for developing railway lines in mountainous areas, including the zigzag line method, switchback method, and spiral or complete loop method. It then describes some key characteristics of mountain railways, such as steep gradients over 3%, narrow gauges of 762 mm or 610 mm, sharp curvatures up to 40 degrees, and zigzag alignments. Finally, it provides an overview of track components and the forces acting on the track, including vertical loads from dead and dynamic loads as well as lateral forces from live loads and locomotive shunting.

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    test 5

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    The document discusses different methods for developing railway lines in mountainous areas, including the zigzag line method, switchback method, and spiral or complete loop method. It then describes some key characteristics of mountain railways, such as steep gradients over 3%, narrow gauges of 762 mm or 610 mm, sharp curvatures up to 40 degrees, and zigzag alignments. Finally, it provides an overview of track components and the forces acting on the track, including vertical loads from dead and dynamic loads as well as lateral forces from live loads and locomotive shunting.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    51 views3 pages

    Lec. - Railway Engineering Assist. Lec. Zaid Abdul Zahra Mahdi

    Uploaded by

    nouri
    The document discusses different methods for developing railway lines in mountainous areas, including the zigzag line method, switchback method, and spiral or complete loop method. It then describes some key characteristics of mountain railways, such as steep gradients over 3%, narrow gauges of 762 mm or 610 mm, sharp curvatures up to 40 degrees, and zigzag alignments. Finally, it provides an overview of track components and the forces acting on the track, including vertical loads from dead and dynamic loads as well as lateral forces from live loads and locomotive shunting.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Lec. - Railway Engineering Assist. Lec.

    Zaid Abdul Zahra Mahdi

    The following are the standard methods for the development technique:

    1- Zigzag line method: In this method, the railway line traverses in a zigzag alignment and
    follows a convenient side slope which is at nearly right angles to the general direction of
    the alignment. The line then turns about 180° in a horseshoe pattern to gain height.

    2- Switch-back method ) In the case of steep side slopes, a considerable gain in


    elevation is accomplished the switch-back method. This method involves a reversal of
    direction achieved by a switch, for which the train has to necessarily stop.
    Lec. - Railway Engineering Assist. Lec. Zaid Abdul Zahra Mahdi

    The switch point is normally located in a sta on yard. A and B are two switches and A1 and B1
    are two buffer stops . A train coming from D will stop at B1 and move in back
    gear to line BA. It will stop at A1 again and then follow the line AC.

    3- Spiral or complete loop method: This method is used in a narrow valley where a small
    bridge or viaduct has been constructed at a considerable height to span the valley.

    In this case, normally a complete loop of the railway line is constructed, so that the line
    crosses the same point a second time at a height through a flyover (overpass) or a tunnel.

    Mountain Railways characteristics

    There are few hills or mountains that have been connected by railway lines. Some of the
    important features of these mountain railways are the following:

    1- Gradients: Normally tracks with gradients of 3% or more are considered mountain tracks.

    2- Gauge: Normally narrow gauges with gauge widths of 762 mm or 610 mm are adopted for
    mountain railways.

    3- Curvature: The curvature of mountain tracks is very sharp. Curvatures of up to 40° are
    normally adopted.
    Lec. - Railway Engineering Assist. Lec. Zaid Abdul Zahra Mahdi

    4- Alignment: Mountain alignment is quite zigzag and not straight in order to gain heights
    easily. The type of alignments normally followed is zigzag, switch-back and spiral.

    Track and Track Stresses

    The track (or permanent way) is the railroad on which trains run Permanent way: The
    combination of rails, fitted on sleepers with the help of fixtures and fastenings and resting on
    ballast and subgrade is called the railway track or permanent way. It consists: Rails, sleepers,
    ballast and formation.

    Track components

    The mechanism of transmission the stresses over railway track components:-

    1- The rails act as girders to transmit the wheel load of trains to the sleepers.
    2- The sleepers transfer the load to the ballast.
    3- The ballast provides a uniform level and transfers the load to a larger area of the
    formation.
    4- The formation takes the total load of the track as well as of the trains moving on it.

    Forces Acting on the Track

    A rail is subjected to heavy stresses due to the following types of forces.

    (a) Vertical loads consisting of dead loads, dynamic augment ) of loads including the effect of
    speed, the hammer blow effect, and the inertia of reciprocating ) masses, etc.

    (b) Lateral forces due to the movement of live loads, eccentric ) vertical loading, shunting
    of locomotives, etc.

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