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Finding The Highest Common Factor and The Lowest Common Multiple

This document discusses finding the highest common factor and lowest common multiple of numbers by using their prime factorizations. It provides examples of writing numbers as products of prime numbers and using Venn diagrams to find the common prime factors and complete factorizations. It includes 10 practice problems for students to find the HCF and LCM of pairs of numbers.

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32 views

Finding The Highest Common Factor and The Lowest Common Multiple

This document discusses finding the highest common factor and lowest common multiple of numbers by using their prime factorizations. It provides examples of writing numbers as products of prime numbers and using Venn diagrams to find the common prime factors and complete factorizations. It includes 10 practice problems for students to find the HCF and LCM of pairs of numbers.

Uploaded by

rofi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Finding the highest common factor and the lowest common multiple

All numbers can be written as a product of prime numbers e.g. 28 = 2 x 2 x 7.


We can use the prime factors to find the highest common factor (HCF) and the
lowest common multiple (LCM) of numbers.

Worked example: The HCF and LCM of 18 and 24

The prime factors of 18 are 2 x 3 x 3. The prime factors of 24 are 2 x 2 x 2 x 3. The


prime number factors of 18 are placed in the left hand circle (set A) and those of 24 in
the right hand circle (set B). Any common prime number factors are placed in the
middle overlapping area.

Highest Common Factor = brown overlap area =


2x3=6
3 2x3  2x2 
Lowest Common Multiple = all prime factors =
3 x 2 x 3 x 2 x 2 = 72

Student tasks

Complete the following Venn diagrams for each pair of numbers:

1. The prime factors of 12 (set A) are 2 x 2 x 3.


The prime factors of 24 (set B) are 2 x 2 x 2 x 3.
Find the HCF and LCM.

Highest Common Factor =

Lowest Common Multiple =

2. The prime factors of 24 are 2 x 2 x2 x 3. The prime factors of 30 are 2 x 3 x 5.


Find the HCF and LCM.

Highest Common Factor =

Lowest Common Multiple =

© www.teachitmaths.co.uk 2014 22456 Page 1 of 6


Finding the highest common factor and the lowest common multiple

3. The prime factors of 21 are 3 x 7. The prime factors of 15 are 3 x 5.


Find the HCF and LCM.

Highest Common Factor =

Lowest Common Multiple =

4. The prime factors of 15 are 3 x 5.


The prime factors of 40 are 2 x 2 x 2 x 5.
Find the HCF and LCM.

Highest Common Factor =

Lowest Common Multiple =

5. The prime factors of 36 are 2 x 2 x 3 x 3.


The prime factors of 30 are 2 x 3 x 5.
Find the HCF and LCM.

Highest Common Factor =

Lowest Common Multiple =

6. The prime factors of 32 are 2 x 2 x 2 x2 x 2.


The prime factors of 48 are 2 x2 x 2 x 2 x 3.
Find the HCF and LCM.

Highest Common Factor =

Lowest Common Multiple =

© www.teachitmaths.co.uk 2014 22456 Page 2 of 6


Finding the highest common factor and the lowest common multiple

7. The prime factors of 48 are 24 x 3. The prime factors of 100 are 22 x 52.
Find the HCF and LCM.

Highest Common Factor =

Lowest Common Multiple =

8. The prime factors of 50 are 2 x 52. The prime factors of 75 are 3 x 52.
Find the HCF and LCM.

Highest Common Factor =

Lowest Common Multiple =

9. The prime factors of 90 are 2 x 32 x 5. The prime factors of 75 are 3 x 52.


Find the HCF and LCM.

Highest Common Factor =

Lowest Common Multiple =

10. Draw diagrams in your exercise book to find the prime factors, HCF and LCM of
the following pairs of numbers:

Numbers
a) 8 and 10
b) 12 and 20
c) 25 and 30
d) 48 and 64
e) 65 and 75

© www.teachitmaths.co.uk 2014 22456 Page 3 of 6


Finding the highest common factor and the lowest common multiple

Answers

Question HCF LCM

1 2x2x3     2 12 24

2 2x2     2x3     5     6 120

3 7       3       5     3 105

4 3     5     2x2x2      5 120

© www.teachitmaths.co.uk 2014 22456 Page 4 of 6


Finding the highest common factor and the lowest common multiple

5 2x3    2x3      5     6 180

6 16 96
2     24     3    

7
2
22x3      2      52     4 1200

8 2     52     3     25 150

9 5       3x5     2x3     15 450

© www.teachitmaths.co.uk 2014 22456 Page 5 of 6


Finding the highest common factor and the lowest common multiple

10a) 2x2    2     5     2 40

10b) 3       2x2      5     4 60

10c) 5      2x3    


5 150
5    

10d) 3      24      2x2     16 192

10e) 13      5      5x3     5 975

© www.teachitmaths.co.uk 2014 22456 Page 6 of 6

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