Form 4 Chapter 9: Trigonometry II

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 Quadrants and angles in the unit circle
y

90° Cartesian plane

can be divided
into four parts
Quadrant Quadrant called quadrants.
180° II I 0°
x
360° Quadrants are
Quadrant Quadrant
III IV named in the
anticlockwise
direction.
270°

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Quadrants and angles in the unit circle
y
Angle  is
measured by
P
rotating the line

OP in the
x anticlockwise
O
direction from the
positive x-axis at
the origin, O.

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Verify sin  = y-coordinate in quadrant I of the unit circle

PQ
P (x, y) sin  = OP
1 y
=
 y 1
x =y
O x Q

 sin  = y-coordinate

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Verify cos  = x-coordinate in quadrant I of the unit circle

OQ
P (x, y) cos  = OP
1 x
=
 y 1
x =x
O x Q

 cos  = x-coordinate

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 y - coordinate
Verify tan  = in quadrant I of the unit circle
x - coordinate
y

PQ
P (x, y) tan  = OQ
1 y
=
 y x
x
x
O Q
 tan  =

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Determine whether the value is positive or negative
y

Quadrant I = All positive

sin All
Quadrant II = sin  positive
II I
x
III IV Quadrant III = tan  positive
tan cos
Quadrant IV = cos  positive

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 Determine whether the value is positive or negative

Example 1: sin 213°

Sin  is positive in quadrant II.
y

The angle 213° lies in

213° quadrant III.
x
O
Therefore, the value of
sin 213° is negative.
Not
quadrant II

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 Determine whether the value is positive or negative

Example 2: cos 321°

Cos  is positive in quadrant IV.
y

The angle 321° lies in

321° quadrant IV.
x
O
Therefore, the value of
cos 321° is positive.
It is
quadrant IV.

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 Determine whether the value is positive or negative

Example 3: tan 123°

Tan  is positive in quadrant III.
y

The angle 123° lies in

123° quadrant II.
x
O
Therefore, the value of
tan 123° is negative.
Not
quadrant III

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 Determine whether the value is positive or negative

Example 4: sin 32°

All positive in quadrant I.
y

The angle 32° lies in

quadrant I.
32° x
O
Therefore, the value of
sin 32° is positive.
It is
quadrant I.

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Determine the values of sine, cosine and tangent
for special angles

sin 45° =
 45°

45°
1 cos 45° =
1
tan 45° = 1

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Determine the values of sine, cosine and tangent
for special angles

sin 30° =
30°
2
cos 30° =

60°
tan 30° =
1

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Determine the values of sine, cosine and tangent
for special angles

sin 60° =
30°
2
cos 60° =

60°
tan 60° =
1

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 Determine the values of sine, cosine and tangent
for special angles

y  0° 90° 180° 270° 360°

(0, 1) sin  0 1 0 –1 0
cos  1 0 –1 0 1
tan  0 0 0
x
(–1, 0) O (1, 0)

(0, –1)

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Determine the values of sine, cosine and tangent
for special angles
Summary:

 0° 30° 45° 60° 90° 180° 270° 360°

sin  0 1 0 –1 0
cos  1 0 –1 0 1
tan  0 1 0 0

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 Determine the values of sine, cosine and tangent
for special angles

Question 1: Calculate the values of the following:

7 sin 90° + 4 cos 180 °
Solution:

7 sin 90° + 4 cos 180 ° = 7 × (1) + 4 × (–1)

=7–4
=3

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 Values of angles in quadrant II

 
x  = corresponding angle
O in quadrant I

between x-axis and line OP

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 Values of angles in quadrant II

y    where  = 180° – 
sin  = + sin 
P
cos  = – cos 
 
x tan  = – tan 

X
O

 =  – 90°

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 Values of angles in quadrant III

y    where  =  – 180°
sin  = – sin 
cos  = – cos 

x tan  = + tan 


X
O
P
 = 270° – 

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 Values of angles in quadrant IV

y    where  = 360° – 
sin  = – sin 
cos  = + cos 
 tan  = – tan 
x


X
O
P
 =  – 270°

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 Finding the value of an angle

Question 1: Find the value of sin 231°.

Solution: y
231°  quadrant III
sin 231°  negative
sin 231° = – sin (231° – 180°)
231°
x = – sin 51°
 O
= – 0.7771
P

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 Finding the value of an angle

Question 2: Find the value of cos 303° 17‘.

Solution: y
303° 17'  quadrant IV
cos 303° 17'  positive
303° 17'
cos 303° 17' = cos (360° – 303° 17')
x = cos 56° 43'
O 
= 0.5488
P

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 Finding the value of an angle

Question 3: Find the value of tan 117° 13'.

Solution: y
117° 13'  quadrant II
P tan 117° 13'  negative
tan 117° 13' = – tan (180° – 117° 13')
 117° 13'
x = – tan 62° 47'
O
= – 1.945

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 Finding angles between 0° and 360°

Question 1: For sin x = 0.9511 where 0° ≤ x ≤ 360°,

find the value of x.
Solution:
y Corresponding acute angle, x = 72°
0.9511  positive
P P Therefore, the acute angle is in
xx 72° quadrant I or II.
72°
and
O
x
Quadrant I: x = 72°
Quadrant II: x = 180° – 72° = 108°

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 Finding angles between 0° and 360°

Question 2: For tan x = – 1.746 where 0° ≤ x ≤ 360°,

find the value of x.
Solution:
y Corresponding acute angle, x = 60° 12'
– 1.746  negative
P Therefore, the acute angle is in
x quadrant II or IV.
and
60° 12'
x
x O 60° 12'
Quadrant II: x = 180° – 60° 12' = 119° 48'
P
Quadrant IV: x = 360° – 60° 12' = 299° 48'

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 Finding angles between 0° and 360°

Question 3: For cos x = 0.5 where 0° ≤ x ≤ 360°, find

the value of x.
Solution:
y Corresponding acute angle, x = 60°

P 0.5  positive
x Therefore, the acute angle is in
and quadrant I or IV.
60°
x
x O 60°
Quadrant I: x = 60°
P Quadrant IV: x = 360° – 60° = 300°

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 Solve problems involving sine, cosine and tangent
Question: In the diagram below, HMS and JHN are straight lines. H is
the midpoint of JN. Given that HM = 12 cm, MN = 13 cm and
FJ = 4 cm, calculate:
N
(a) the length of HN,
(b) the value of cos x°,
x°
(c) the value of tan y°. y°
S
H M

F J

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 Solve problems involving sine, cosine and tangent

Solution:

(a) N

Pythagoras’
HN2 = 132 – 122 13 cm
theorem x°
= 169 – 144 y°
S
H 12 cm M
= 25
 HN = 5 cm
F J
4 cm

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 Solve problems involving sine, cosine and tangent

Solution:
HMS is a straight line
(b) N

x° = 180° – HMN
x°
cos x° = – cos HMN y°
S
H M
=

F J

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 Solve problems involving sine, cosine and tangent

Solution:
JHN is a straight line
(c) N

y° = 180° – FHJ
x°
tan y° = – tan FHJ y°
S
H M
=

F J

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