FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE

4.1. THE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION Class Marks – midpoint of each class interval and it is
A frequency distribution is an organization of raw obtained by getting the average of the lower class limit
data in tabular form, using classes (or intervals) and and the upper class limit
frequencies. Class size – is the difference between the upper class
The frequency or the frequency count for a data boundary and lower class boundary of a class interval
value is the number of times the value occurs in the Class frequency – is the number of observations
data set. belonging to a class interval

4.2. UNGROUPED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

Steps in Constructing the Grouped Frequency
Presenting ungrouped data can be done by
Distribution Table
arranging the scores from lowest to highest and
1. Determine the range (𝑅) of the distribution. Range
determining the frequency of each observation.
is the difference between the highest score and the
Note: It does not matter if the scores are arranged in
lowest score.
ascending or descending order, provided you begin
Range = highest score – lowest score
organizing the data by ordering them in one way of
2. Determine the class size (𝒊) by dividing the range
the other.
by the desired number of class intervals. If it is not
Ex. 01: Consider the raw scores of 21 students exact, round it up to the next whole number.
28 26 28 22 20 20 21 where:
20 23 29 26 26 29 21 𝑅 𝒊 = class size
𝑖= nc = number of class intervals
20 22 27 22 21 24 23 𝑛𝑐
(ideal nc = 5 – 20)
𝑛𝑐 = 1 + 3.322 log 𝑛
Ungrouped Frequency Distribution of Scores 3. Set up the class intervals. The lowest class interval
of 21 Students must include the lowest score while the highest
class interval must contain the highest score.
𝒙 𝒇 <CF >CF RF (%) a. Lower limit (LL) is equal to the lowest score
20 4 4 21 19.05 b. Upper Limit (UL) = LL + (𝒊 –1 unit of measure)
21 3 7 17 14.29 c. LL(succeeding interval)=LL(preceding int.) + 𝒊
22 3 10 14 14.29 4. Tally the frequencies.
23 2 12 11 9.52 5. Compute for class boundaries (CB), class mark
24 1 13 9 4.76 (𝑥𝑚 ), “less than” cumulative frequency (<CF),
25 0 13 8 0.00 “greater than” cumulative frequency (>CF),
26 3 16 8 14.29 relative frequency (RF).
27 1 17 5 4.76 a. LCB = LL – 0.5(unit of measure)
b. UCB = UL + 0.5(unit of measure)
28 2 19 4 9.52 𝐿𝐿+𝑈𝐿
29 2 21 2 9.52 c. 𝑥𝑚 =
2
n=21 100 d. <CF = add the frequencies cumulatively
downward
4.3. GROUPED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION e. >CF = add the frequencies cumulatively
Definition of Terms: upward
𝑓
Class Interval or Class Limits – refer to the grouping f. 𝑅𝐹 = × 100 %
𝑛
defined by a lower limit and an upper limit
Class Boundaries – the lower and upper true limits

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 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE

Ex. 02: Prepare a frequency distribution table with  A distribution skewed to the left (negatively
desired number of classes equal to 6 given the skewed) if it has a long left tail compared to a
following scores of 40 students in an examination of shorter right tail.
fifty items.
4.6. EXERCISES
7 21 26 24 19 25 26
1. Table 1.a shows a frequency distribution of the weekly
10 30 34 27 18 36 42
wages of 65 nurses at K&K Hospital. With reference to
18 45 40 16 27 30 29
this table, determine:
15 30 42 12 40 30 18
20 29 30 9 39 25 29 a) the lower limit of the sixth class;
48 19 30 41 40 b) the upper limit of the third class;
c) the class mark (class midpoint) of the fourth class;
d) the class boundaries of the fifth class;
Solution:
e) the size of the fifth class;
1. Range = 48 – 7 = 41
f) the frequency of the second class;
2. Class size; 𝑛𝑐 = 1 + 3.322log(40) = 6.322~6
g) the relative frequency of the sixth class;
41
𝑖= = 6.8333~7 h) the class interval having largest frequency (this class is
6
often called the modal class interval);
3. Setting up the class intervals:
i) the percentage of employees earning less than $280
LL1 = 7
per week;
UL1 = 7 + (7 – 1) = 13
j) the percentage of employees earning less than $300
LL2 = 7 + 7=14
per week but at least $260 per week.
Table 1.a
Frequency Distribution Table
Wages Number of
Class RF Employees
f CB CM <CF >CF
Interval (%) $250 – 259.99 8
7 – 13 4 6.5 - 13.5 10 4 40 10 260 – 269.99 10
14 – 20 8 13.5 – 20.5 17 12 36 20 270 – 279.99 16
21 – 27 8 20.5 – 27.5 24 20 28 20 280 – 289.99 14
28 – 34 10 27.5 – 34.5 31 30 20 25 290 – 299.99 10
35 – 41 6 34.5 – 41.5 38 36 10 15 300 – 309.99 5
42 – 48 4 41.5 – 48.5 45 40 4 10 310 – 319.99 2
40 100
2. The following scores represent the final examination
grade for an elementary statistics course:
4.4. GRAPHS OF FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS
23 60 79 32 57 74 52 70 82 36
a) Histogram 80 77 81 95 41 65 92 85 55 76
b) Frequency polygon – a line graph of the class 52 10 64 75 78 25 80 98 81 67
frequency plotted against the class mark. 41 71 83 54 64 72 88 62 74 43
c) Ogive – cumulative frequency polygon 60 79 89 76 84 48 84 90 15 79
a) Construct the stem and leaf plot for the examination
grades in which the stems are 1, 2, 3,…, 9.
4.5. SYMMETRY AND SKEWNESS
b) Set up a frequency distribution table.
 A distribution is said to be symmetric if it can be
c) Construct a relative frequency histogram.
folded along a vertical axis so that the two sides
coincides
 A distribution that lacks symmetry with respect to
vertical axis is said to be skewed
 A distribution skewed to the right (positively
skewed) if it has a long right tail compared to a
shorter left tail
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