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QQM1023 - Slide - Differentiation

The document discusses differentiation and derivatives. It covers: 1) The concept of differentiation using the first principle (limit definition). 2) Rules of differentiation for common functions like constant, power, composite, product, quotient and exponential functions. 3) Higher order derivatives and applications of differentiation in business and economics, including finding critical points like minimums, maximums and inflection points.

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Nassir Ceellaabe
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95 views

QQM1023 - Slide - Differentiation

The document discusses differentiation and derivatives. It covers: 1) The concept of differentiation using the first principle (limit definition). 2) Rules of differentiation for common functions like constant, power, composite, product, quotient and exponential functions. 3) Higher order derivatives and applications of differentiation in business and economics, including finding critical points like minimums, maximums and inflection points.

Uploaded by

Nassir Ceellaabe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

The concept of differentiation and derivatives


2. Differentiation using the First Principle
3. Rules of Differentiation:
- Constant function
- Power function
- Addition/Subtraction of two functions
- Composite function
- Product of two functions
- Quotient of two functions
- Exponential function
-Logarithmic function
4. Higher order of derivatives
5. Critical points – minimum, maximum, inflection point
6. Application : Business and economics
Mohd noor abdul hamid : mohdnoor@uum.edu.my
After finishing this class, you should be able to:

•Explain the concept of differentiation.


•Differentiate a function using the First Principle (The Concept of limit)
•Differentiate a function using appropriate differentiation rules:
- Constant functions
- Power functions
- Addition / Subtraction of two functions
- Composite function (Chain Rule)
- Product of two functions
Will be covered on
- Quotient of two functions
the next class
- Exponential Function
- Logarithmic Function

Mohd noor abdul hamid : mohdnoor@uum.edu.my


The concepts of differentiation:

If f defined as the function of x and can be written as f(x).


Then the derivative of f(x) denoted as f’(x) or dy is read as
“derivative value of function f at x”. dx

The process to get f’(x) is called DIFFERENTIATION


(FIRST DERIVATIVE)

f(x)
differentiate
f’(x)

g(u) g’(u)
y =as a function of x dy
dx
dU
U = as a function of v
dv
Mohd noor abdul hamid : mohdnoor@uum.edu.my
Mohd noor abdul hamid : mohdnoor@uum.edu.my
Slope of a straight lines:

y/f(x)
C

30 m=?

B The slope for


the line, m is
m=5 m = 30 – 15
15 6–3
m=5
A

m=5

0 x
3 6

The slope (m) of a straight line is always consistent at any points on the line.

Mohd noor abdul hamid : mohdnoor@uum.edu.my


The slope of a curve
• A curve is not like a straight line – it does not have a consistent slope.
• Slope for a curve can be obtained by drawing a tangent line at any point on
the curve.
• The slope of the tangent line is used to represent the slope of a curve at any
given point.
• Therefore, the slope for a curve vary accordingly to the point where it is
measured.
y/f(x)

Tangent

x
0
Mohd noor abdul hamid : mohdnoor@uum.edu.my
The slope of a curve
The slope of a curve (at a certain point on that curve) can be obtain by measuring
the slope of tangent line at that point.

The slope for function f at the point


(a,b) is ½.
m =1
2

(a,b)
b 2

a
The slope of a curve
The slope of a curve (at a certain point on that curve) can be obtain by measuring
the slope of tangent line at that point.

m = 1
1
The slope of the function f at
the point (c,d) is 1.
1

(c,d) 1
d

c
The slope of a curve
The slope of a curve (at a certain point on that curve) can be obtain by measuring
the slope of tangent line at that point.

The slope for function f at the point


(e,f) is ? 6
(e,f)
f
2

m=?

e
Consider a function, f and suppose that there are 2 points (A and B) on the
function (curve).

B = (x+h, f(x+h))

f(x+h)

A = (x, f(x))

f(x)
h

x x+h
From the diagram:
-PQ is the tangent for the function f at the point A (green line)
-AB is a chord line that touched the function f at the point A and B (grey line)

B= (x+h, f(x+h))
f(x+h)

A Chord touched the


curve at 2 points
(A and B)
A= (x, f(x))
f(x) The tangent touched
h the curve at only one
point (A)
P
x x+h
The slope for AB chord , (mab) is:

y2 – y1 = f(x+h) – f(x) or f(x+h) – f(x)


x2 –x1 (x+h) – (x) h

B= (x+h, f(x+h))
f(x+h)

A= (x, f(x))
f(x)

P
x x+h
The slope for PQ tangent is an approximation of chord AB to the
tangent, that is when h is approaching 0.

Therefore, we can see that the slope for PQ tangent (mpq)is derive from:
= lim Slope for AB OR lim f(x+h) – f(x)
h0 h0 h
B = (x+h, f(x+h))
f(x+h)

A= (x, f(x))
f(x)
h
P

x x+h

Thus, the slope for function f at the point A is EQUAL to

The slope for PQ tangent that is lim f(x+h) - f(x), therefore


h0 h
B = (x+h, f(x+h))
f(x+h)

A = (x, f(x))
f(x)
h
P

x x+h

We called lim f(x+h) – f(x) as Differentiation Using The First Principle


h0 h

And is denoted by f’(x) OR dy/dx


DIFFERENTIATION : USING THE FIRST PRINCIPLE

dy = f’(x) = lim f(x+h) – f(x)


dx h0 h

Mohd noor abdul hamid : mohdnoor@uum.edu.my

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