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Diesel Engine Fundamentals

INTRODUCTION
Eyad Bakri Mohammed September ,2015

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Introduction

• What is an Engine?
• Engine Performance Terminology.
• Engine Specifications.
• Combustion.
• Comparing Diesel and Benzene Engines.
• Diesel Engine Stroke.

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What is an
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Engine?
• An engine is a
device which
converts heat
energy from the
combustion into
useful mechanical
energy to do
work.

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Engine
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Terminology

• Power
• Torque
• Bore
• Stroke
• Displacement
• Compression Ratio.

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Power
• the rate at which work is performed.
Metric system….. kilowatt (kw),

English system… horsepower (hp).

1hp= 0.746 kw
1 kw = 1.340 hp

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Power
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output terms

• Indicated Horsepower (IHP)

• Brake Horsepower (BHP)

• Friction Horsepower (FHP)

BHP = IHP - FHP

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Torque

a turning or twisting force a measure of the load carrying

capacity of the engine

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Bore

• The cylinder bore is

the inside diameter
of the cylinder. (mm,
in.)

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Stroke
• The distance the
piston moves in the
cylinder from its
highest point, (TDC)
Top Dead Center to its
lowest point, (BDC)
Bottom Dead Center.
(mm, in.)

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Displacement

• The volume the piston displaces as it moves from BDC

to TDC. This determines the amount of air and fuel the
engine can burn

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Compression Ratio
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• Compression Ratio =
Total Cylinder Volume / Combustion Chamber Volume
• Diesel engines 13:1 to 22:1
• Gasoline engines 8:1 to 11.1

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Compression Ratio
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Combustion

• Air + Fuel + Heat = Combustion

Factors Control Combustion:

1. The volume of air compressed.

2. The type of fuel used.

3. The amount of fuel mixed with the air.

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Combustion
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1. Cylinder Liner 3
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2. Piston

3. Intake Valve 4 2
4. Exhaust Valve
1
5. Cylinder Head

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Comparing Diesel and Benzene Engines 15
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Fuel Spark Fuel + Air

Air
Mixture

Diesel Gasoline
Engine Engine

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Diesel
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• 4 Stroke Diesel Engine

• 2 Stroke Diesel Engine.

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4
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Stroke Diesel Engine

EXHAUST

INTAKE POWER

COMPRESSION

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2 Stroke
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