NURUL INAYAH

MUTHMAINNAH


MEASUREMENT AND
STANDARDS OF GREEN
ARCHITECTURE
ASSESSMENT
 MEASUREMENT AND STANDARDS OF GREEN ARCHITECTURE ASSESSMENT

1. BREEAM

This standard first launch in 1990 in UK with certification body BRE. Mostly used in Europe, such as
Australia, German, Norway, Spain, Sweden and others which is owned and managed differently in each
country. Basically the type of method by BREEAM using rating system. The criteria below are green
architectural assessment standards of BREEAM.

a) Management Health and wellbeing

 Project brief and design
 Life cycle cost and service life planning
 Responsible construction practices
 Commissioning and handover
 Aftercare
b) Visual comfort
 Indoor air quality
 Safe containment in laboratories
 Thermal comfort
 Acoustic performance
 Safety and security
 Safe and healthy surroundings
c) Energy
 Reduction of energy use and carbon emissions
 Energy monitoring
 External lighting
 Low carbon design
 Energy efficient cold storage
 Energy efficient transport systems
 Energy efficient laboratory systems
 Energy efficient equipment
d) Transport
 Public transport accessibility
 Proximity to amenities
 Cyclist facilities
 Maximum car parking capacity
 Travel plan
e) Water
 Water consumption
 Water monitoring
 Water leak detection
 Water efficient equipment
f) Materials
 Building life cycle assessment
 Environmental Product Declarations
 Responsible sourcing of materials
  Designing for durability and resilience
 Material efficiency
g) Waste
 Construction waste management
 Low impact aggregates in the construction process
 Operational waste
 Speculative floor and ceiling finishes
 Adaptation to climate change
 Design for disassembly and functional adaptability
h) Land use and ecology
 Site selection
i) Pollution
 Impact of refrigerants
 Local air quality
 Surface water run-off
 Reduction of night time light pollution
 Reduction of noise pollution
j) Innovation
 Innovation

2. LEED
LEED was launched in the USA in 1998 by the US Green Building Council (USGB), a nongovernmental
organization that includes representatives from industry, academia, and government. Used in India,
Canada, US, and South America. Basically the type of method by LEED using rating system as BREEAM
do. The criteria below are green architectural assessment standards of LEED.
a) Sustainable Sites
 Erosion & Sedimentation Control
 Site Selection
 Urban Redevelopment
 Brownfield Redevelopment
 Alternative Transportation, Public Transportation Access
 Alternative Transportation, Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms
 Alternative Transportation, Alternative Fuel Vehicles
  Alternative Transportation, Parking Capacity
 Reduced Site Disturbance, Protect or Restore Open Space
 Reduced Site Disturbance, Development Footprint
 Stormwater Management, Rate and Quantity
 Stormwater Management, Treatment
 Heat Island Effect, Non-Roof
 Heat Island Effect, Roof
 Light Pollution Reduction
b) Water Efficiency
 Water Efficient Landscaping, Reduce by 50%
 Water Efficient Landscaping, No Potable Use or No Irrigation
 Innovative Wastewater Technologies
 Water Use Reduction, 20% Reduction
 Water Use Reduction, 30% Reduction
c) Energy & Atmosphere
 Fundamental Building Systems Commissioning
 Minimum Energy Performance
 CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment Required
 Optimize Energy Performance
 Renewable Energy, 5%
 Renewable Energy, 10%
 Renewable Energy, 20%
 Additional Commissioning
 Ozone Depletion
 Measurement & Verification
 Green Power
d) Materials & Resources
 Storage & Collection of Recyclables
 Building Reuse, Maintain 75% of Existing Shell
 Building Reuse, Maintain 100% of Shell
 Building Reuse, Maintain 100% Shell & 50% Non-Shell
 Construction Waste Management, Divert 50%
 Construction Waste Management, Divert 75%
 Resource Reuse, Specify 5%
 Resource Reuse, Specify 10%
 Recycled Content, Specify 5% (p.c. + 1/2 p.i.) 1 Credit 4.2 Recycled Content, Specify 10% (p.c. +
1/2 p.i.)
 Local/Regional Materials, 20% Manufactured Locally
 Local/Regional Materials, of 20% in MRc5.1, 50% Harvested Locally
 Rapidly Renewable Materials
 Certified Wood
e) Indoor Environmental Quality
 Minimum IAQ Performance
 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control
  Carbon Dioxide (CO2 ) Monitoring
 Ventilation Effectiveness
 Construction IAQ Management Plan, During Construction
 Construction IAQ Management Plan, Before Occupancy
 Low-Emitting Materials, Adhesives & Sealants
 Low-Emitting Materials, Paints
 Low-Emitting Materials, Carpet
 Low-Emitting Materials, Composite Wood
 Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control
 Controllability of Systems, Perimeter
 Controllability of Systems, Non-Perimeter
 Thermal Comfort, Comply with ASHRAE 55-1992
 Thermal Comfort, Permanent Monitoring System
 Daylight & Views, Daylight 75% of Spaces
 Daylight & Views, Views for 90% of Spaces
f) Innovation & Design Process
 Innovation in Design
 Innovation in Design
 Innovation in Design
 Innovation in Design
 LEED™ Accredited Professional

LEED Points Offered in Eight Categories

Points are offered in eight categories for adopting specified building practices, materials or
products. All homes must adopt 18 mandatory measures, and 16 points must be achieved to
meet minimum requirements in four categories. Builders may choose how to acquire additional
points depending on site, climate, house design and budget.

ID—Innovation and Design 11 points

Includes such innovative measures as design

methods, regional credits, and exemplary
performance Innovations that would integrate
best practices of everyone on the team.

LL—Location and Linkages 10 points

Placement of homes in socially and
environmentally responsible ways in relation
to the larger community.

SS—Sustainable Sites 22 points

Uses the entire property to minimize project’s
impact on the site.
 WE—Water Efficiency—15 points
Water conservation practices, indoor and
outdoor, that are built into the home.

EA—Energy and Atmosphere—38 points

Optimization of energy efficiency in well
insulated, tight building envelope with
efficient heating and cooling systems.
MR—Materials and Resources—16 points
Reduction of material waste during
construction and selection of green products.

IEQ—Indoor Air Quality—21 points

Improvement of indoor air quality by reducing
air pollution with Energy Star appliances,
installation methods and ventilation
measures.
AE—Awareness and Education—3 points
Create a homeowner’s manual covering the
operation and maintenance of the green
features of the home.

3. NABERS
NABERS, the National Australian Built Environment Rating System, is an initiative by the government of
Australia to measure and compare the environmental performance of Australian buildings and
tenancies. These below are the criteria should followed to fulfil the assessment of NABERS certificate.
a) Energy, looking at the amount of each type of energy (electricity, gas, coal, oil) consumed on the
premises in a year, and how much of it is supplied from “Green Power” (renewable energy which
can be purchased from electricity retailers in respect of electricity and gas use);
b) Water, looking at the amount of water used on the premises in a year, and how much of this is
externally-supplied recycled water;
c) Indoor Environment, which requires sub-ratings of the premises‟ thermal comfort, air quality,
acoustic comfort, lighting and office layout;
d) Waste, a relatively new addition to the suite of tools, looking at the total materials used (eg paper)
per person per day, and the amount of those materials that are recycled or reused.
By far the most commonly used tool is the NABERS Energy rating. NABERS Water is also commonly used.
The NABERS website also notes that other elements are being developed to enable buildings to be rated
on a full range of measured operational impacts refrigerants (greenhouse and ozone depletion
potential), stormwater runoff and pollution, sewage, landscape diversity and transport.
NABERS Energy is widely used, particularly in relation to large office buildings, with estimates that nearly
40% of the office space in Australia has been rated using NABERS Energy

4. GREEN STAR

Green Star is a voluntary sustainability rating system for buildings in Australia. It was launched in
2003 by the Green Building Council of Australia. In 2013, the GBCA released a report, The Value of Green
Star, which analysed data from 428 Green Star-certified projects occupying 5,746,000 million square
metres across Australia and compared it to the ‘average’ Australian building and minimum practice
benchmarks.

The research found that, on average, Green Star-certified buildings produce 62% fewer greenhouse
gas emissions and use 66% less electricity than average Australian buildings. Green Star buildings use
51% less potable water than average buildings. Green Star-certified buildings also have been found to
recycle 96 per cent of their construction and demolition waste, compared to the average 58% for new
construction projects.

These category below are should fulfiled to reach Green Star ratings
 energy
 transport
 water
 indoor environment
 quality
 emissions
 materials
 land use and ecology
 management
 innovation

In each category, there are a series of criteria that, if complied with, would reduce the environmental
impact of a building in that category (Saunders 2008). For example, points in the "Energy" category can
be earned for reducing emissions below the conditional requirement mentioned above, for sub-
metering, for peak energy demand reduction, and for separate light switches for each zone, among
other things (Green Star Office Design v3). Innovation points are to encourage and recognise pioneering
 initiatives in sustainable strategies and technologies, for exceeding Green Star benchmarks, or for
beneficial environmental design initiatives currently outside the scope of the Green Star rating tool.

Green Star-certified buildings and communities can:

• Lower operating costs and increase asset value

• Use 66% less electricity than average Australian city buildings1
• Use 51% less potable water than if they had been built to meet minimum industry requirements1
• Boost productivity by up to 15%2
• Produce 62% fewer greenhouse gas emissions than average Australian buildings1
• Improve the health and wellbeing of occupants
• Increase student learning and engagement
• Speed up recovery times of hospital patients
• Reduce risk and ‘future proof’ investments
• Deliver a competitive edge in a crowded marketplace
5. GREEN MARK

Assessment Criteria
The environmental impact categories are broadly classified under two main groupings:
(i) Energy Efficiency consists of Part 1- Energy Efficiency where points are allocated for the various
energy efficient systems, practices and features used. A minimum of 30 points must be obtained
from this group to meet the minimum environmental sustainability standard.
(ii) Other Green Requirements consist of Part 2 – Water Efficiency; Part 3 – Sustainable Operation &
Management; Part 4 – Indoor Environmental Quality; and, Part 5 – Other Green Features. Points are
allocated for the water efficient features, use of environmental friendly practices, waste
management and innovative green features used. A minimum of 20 points must be obtained from
this group to comply with the minimum environmental sustainability standard.
The intent of each category is summaries as below:
(a) Part 1 – Energy Efficiency: This category focuses on greater use of energy efficient building system
including air-conditioning, ventilation, lightings, lifts and escalators; and also monitoring of these
systems. It also looks at applications of renewable energy and energy efficient features.
Important Note: Part 1 – Energy Efficiency applies to both air-conditioned and non air-conditioned
spaces. Where there is a combination of air-conditioned and non air-conditioned spaces, the points
allocated are to be pro-rated in accordance with the respective floor areas. For simplicity, points
applicable to air-conditioned areas are accounted only if the aggregate air-conditioned areas exceed 500
m2 . Similarly, points applicable to non airconditioned areas are accounted only if the aggregate non air-
conditioned areas are more than 10% of the total floor areas excluding carparks and common areas.
(b) Part 2 – Water Efficiency: This category focuses on the use of water efficient fittings and adoption of
water efficient features, which can help to reduce the use of water for building operations.
(c) Part 3 – Sustainable Operation & Management: This category focuses on the building management
operation and maintenance, the use of sustainable and environmentalfriendly products, provision of
waste management and greater use of greenery.
(d) Part 4 – Indoor Environmental Quality: This category focuses on promoting a healthy indoor
environment which includes air quality, thermal comfort, minimizing indoor air pollutants,
acceptable internal noise level and encourage good lighting quality.
(e) Part 5 – Other Green Features: This category focuses on the adoption of green practices and new
technologies that are innovative and have potential environmental benefits.
 6. CASBEE

SUMMARY
Overall, the above green architecture standards have applied the principles and nature of green
architecture. however, because in each country is different in terms of geography, the measurement
and assessment standards adopted are different. for example in Australia, high rainfall does not put too
much emphasis on rainwater storage than other countries with lower rainfall and emphasizes the aspect
of storing water sources from rainwater. one example of a comparison of the BREEAM standard with a
rating of very good or good in Europe will be reduced if assessed by a green star or green mark from
different regions, due to the emphasis on efficiency of water factors.