Midterm 1 BIS2A Section Key
Midterm 1 BIS2A Section Key
Midterm 1 BIS2A Section Key
(Britt)
Midterm
1
1.
Which
of
the
statements
below
best
describes
covalent
bonds?
a.
…the
sharing
of
a
hydrogen
atom
between
two
molecules
b.
…the
transfer
of
an
electron
from
one
atom
to
another;
a
relatively
weak
bond
c.
…
the
transfer
of
an
electron
from
one
atom
to
another,
a
relatively
strong
bond
d.
…the
sharing
of
an
electron
pair
between
two
atoms;
a
relatively
weak
bond
e.
…the
sharing
of
an
electron
pair
between
two
atoms;
a
relatively
strong
bond
2.
Which
of
the
carbon
atoms
below
is
most
oxidized?
a.
CH4
b.
CH3OH
c.
CH2O
d.
CO2
e.
There’s
no
way
to
tell
without
seeing
the
structures
3.
The
laws
of
thermodynamics
state
that
the
amount
of
energy
in
the
Universe
is
a
constant,
but
the
quality
of
energy
in
the
Universe
is
decreased
every
time
energy
changes
from
one
form
to
another,
with
disorder
(entropy)
constantly
increasing.
If
this
is
so,
how
can
a
living
thing
grow
and
display
increasing
levels
of
order,
taking
random
molecules
and
reorganizing
them
into
something
very
specific,
organized,
and
complex?
a.
Living
things
are
isolated
systems,
and
the
laws
of
thermodynamics
do
not
apply
to
isolated
systems.
b.
Living
things
capture
energy
from
their
environment,
and
use
that
energy
to
create
order.
c.
Living
things
are
open
systems,
and
open
systems
are
always
self-‐organizing.
d.
Living
things
are
open
systems,
which
means
their
entropy
can
only
decrease,
not
increase.
e.
Living
things
are
isolated
systems,
and
cannot
convert
energy
to
different
forms.
4.
Very
early
in
the
Earth’s
history,
there
was
no
O2
in
the
atmosphere.
For
this
reason…
a.
The
evolution
of
the
ETC
(electron
transport
chain)
did
not
occur
until
after
the
evolution
of
oxygenic
photosynthesis
b.
Fermentation
could
not
occur
c.
In
early
forms
of
respiration,
electrons
were
delivered
to
a
different
terminal
acceptor
(not
O2).
d.
Green
plants
had
to
be
the
first
form
of
life
to
evolve
e.
NAD+
could
not
be
used
as
an
oxidizing
agent
5.
An
uncharged
but
highly
electronegative
atom
X
meets
an
uncharged
but
weakly
electronegative
atom
Y.
What
will
probably
happen?
a.
X
will
steal
Y’s
electron
b.
Y
will
steal
X’s
electron
c.
The
two
atoms
will
share
an
electron
pair,
but
the
electrons
will
spend
more
time
with
X
d.
The
two
atoms
will
share
an
electron
pair,
but
the
electrons
will
spend
more
time
with
Y
e.
Both
a
and
c
are
possible
6.
Hydrogen
and
carbon
have
very
similar
electronegativities
(2.1,
and
2.5,
respectively).
Which
of
the
fuels
below,
when
oxidized
to
completion,
would
release
the
most
energy
per
molecule
of
C02
emitted?
a.
C
(coal-‐
nothing
but
carbon)
b.
CH4
(natural
gas)
c.
CO2
d.
coal
and
natural
gas
would
produce
the
same
amount
of
energy
per
CO2
emitted
e.
CH3OH
7.
Respiration
enables
a
cell
to…
a.
Use
NADH
as
a
terminal
electron
acceptor
b.
Use
NADH
to
reduce
pyruvate
c.
Convert
photons
to
reducing
power
d.
Use
oxidation
of
NADH
to
provide
power
for
formation
of
a
proton
gradient
e.
a,
b,
and
d
are
all
correct
8.
ATP
is
called
a
“high
energy
compound”
because...
a.
the
activation
energy
for
the
formation
of
ATP
is
very
high.
b.
the
activation
energy
for
the
hydrolysis
of
ATP
is
very
high.
c.
the
deltaG
for
the
formation
of
ATP
is
very
negative.
d.
the
deltaG
for
the
hydrolysis
of
ATP
is
very
negative.
e.
it
is
the
primary
storage
form
of
energy
in
muscle
cells.
9.
More
energy
is
harvested
during
the
citric
acid
cycle
than
during
glycolysis,
but
in
the
citric
acid
cycle
only
1
mole
of
ATP
is
produced
for
each
mole
of
acetyl
CoA
that
enters
the
cycle.
Most
of
the
remaining
energy
harvested
during
the
citric
acid
cycle
is
a.
used
to
reduce
pyruvate
b.
used
to
reduce
electron
carriers
c.
used
to
fix
CO2
d.
used
to
synthesize
GTP
e.
converted
to
CO2
10.
Salmonella
causes
intestinal
diseases
in
many
mammals.
While
infecting
its
host,
Salmonella
gets
its
energy
by
being
a…
a.
Phototroph
b.
Lithotroph
c.
Organotroph
d.
Autotroph
e.
Morphotroph
11.
Consider
the
free
energy
diagram,
which
describes
the
energy
states
of
molecules
undergoing
the
reaction
X
<-‐>
Y.
Adding
a
catalyst
to
this
reaction
would
decrease
the
value
of
which
arrow?
a.
a
b.
b
c.
c
d.
d
e.
catalysts
cannot
effect
any
of
these
values.
12.
The
reaction
described
in
the
free
energy
diagram
is
begun
at
standard
conditions:
(1
Molar
for
both
X
and
Y,
25˚
C,
pH
7,
in
water,
at
1
atmosphere
pressure),
and
allowed
to
proceed
to
equilibrium.
At
equilibrium,
what
will
be
the
relative
concentrations
of
X
or
of
Y?
a.
this
can’t
be
determined
from
the
diagram
b.
X
will
be
more
concentrated
than
Y
c.
Y
will
be
more
concentrated
than
X
d.
all
molecules
will
end
up
as
X
e.
all
molecules
will
end
up
as
Y
13.
In
the
2
steps
of
glycolysis
illustrated
in
the
Figure,
the
production
of
ATP
from
ADP
and
Pi
is
powered
by…
a.
The
electron
transport
chain
(ETC)
b.
The
proton
motive
force
(PMF)
c.
The
Force
d.
The
oxidation
of
carbon
by
NAD+
e.
The
hydrolysis
of
ATP
to
AMP
+
2
Pi
14.
The
reaction
"2
H2
+
O2
<=>
2
H2O"
has
a
deltaG0'
of
-‐237
kcal/mol.
Mixing
these
two
gasses
at
room
temperature
will
have
this
effect
_______
because
of
this
reason
____________:
a.
nothing,
high
energy
of
the
transition
state
b.
reaction
with
explosion,
H2O
is
energy
rich
c.
reaction
with
explosion,
H2
is
energy
rich
d.
nothing,
H2O
is
energy
poor
e.
nothing,
lack
of
catalyzing
sugars
15.
Both
fermentation
and
respiration
share
the
metabolic
pathway
termed
“glycolysis”.
They
also
share…
a.
a
step
involving
oxidation
of
pyruvate
b.
a
step
involving
reduction
of
pyruvate
c.
oxidative
phosphorylation
of
ATP
d.
oxidation
of
NADH
via
the
ETC
e.
none
of
the
above
16.
When
illuminated
with
white
light,
leaves
look
green
because:
a.
Green
photons
are
more
strongly
absorbed
by
chlorophyll
than
other
visible
photons.
b.
Green
photons
are
more
weakly
absorbed
by
chlorophyll
than
other
visible
photons.
c.
Green
photons
have
the
same
energy
as
the
difference
between
the
ground
state
and
first
excited
state
of
chlorophyll.
d.
Green
photons
have
the
most
energy
of
photons
in
the
visible
range.
e.
Green
photons
have
the
least
energy
in
the
visible
range.
17.
Refer
to
Fig.2:
a
well-‐lit
chloroplast.
Where
would
CO2
be
fixed
into
sugars?
a.
In
the
matrix
b.
In
the
lumen
of
the
thylakoids
c.
Between
the
inner
and
outer
membrane
of
the
chloroplast
d.
In
the
stroma
e.
Outside
of
the
chloroplast
18.
There
was
no
O2
in
the
early
earth’s
atmosphere
because
a.
O2
was
poisonous
to
life
b.
The
early
Earth
was
very
hot,
and
O2
is
very
reactive,
so
it
reacted
with
other
chemicals.
c.
The
element
O
was
very
rare
on
Earth,
until
there
was
photosynthesis.
d.
It
was
devoured
by
early
forms
of
life.
19.
Using
the
electron
tower
provided,
which
of
these
compounds
would
be
the
strongest
electron
donor:
a.
SO4-‐
b.
CO2
c.
H2S
d.
Fe3+
e.
NO3-‐
20.
Using
the
electron
tower
provided,
which
reaction
would
provide
the
most
free
energy
for
the
cell?
a.
H2
+
NAD+
____>
H+
+
NADH
b.
NADH
+
Ubiquinoneox
____>
NAD+
+
Ubiquinone
red
c.
H2
+
S4O62-‐
____>
S2O32-‐
d.
NADH
+
pyruvate
____>
lactate
+
NAD+
21.
In
noncyclic
photosynthesis
the
excited
electrons
end
up…
a.
back
on
chlorophyll
b. being
used
to
make
ATP
c.
being
used
to
reduce
NADP+
d. being
transported
“to
the
other
side
of
the
membrane”
to
set
up
a
proton
motive
force.
e.
Being
used
to
directly
make
glyceraldehyde
phosphate
and
other
carbon
molecules.
22.
Which
of
the
following
is
true
for
anoxygenic
photosynthesis:
a.
only
ATP
can
be
formed-‐
not
NADPH.
b. it
represents
an
origin
for
the
more
complex
oxygenic
photosynthesis
reactions.
c.
only
NADPH
can
be
formed-‐
not
ATP.
d. it
occurs
only
in
green
plants.
e.
B
and
D
are
both
true.
23.
The
light
reactions
of
photosynthesis
provide
the
Calvin
cycle
with:
a.
CO2
and
glucose
b.
light
and
chlorophyll
c.
water
and
photons
d.
CO2
and
RuBP
e.
ATP
and
NADPH
24.
A
key
difference
between
respiration
and
fermentation
is
(are)
a.
that
for
fermentation
reactions
the
oxidation
of
NADH
occurs
in
the
absence
of
external
electron
acceptors.
b.
that
in
respiration,
ATP
is
produced
indirectly
through
a
proton
motive
force
created
by
transferring
elections
between
several
electron/H+
carriers,
called
an
electron
transport
chain
(ETC).
c.
that
in
fermentation
ATP
is
only
obtained
through
substrate
level
phosphorylation
and
in
respiration
ATP
is
only
obtained
via
a
proton
motive
force
generated
by
an
electron
transport
chain.
d.
A
and
B
e.
A,
B,
and
C
are
true
25.
In
the
mitochondria
a.
The
citric
acid
cycle
is
carried
out
in
the
intermembrane
space
to
concentrate
protons
in
the
mitochondrial
matrix
b.
The
citric
acid
cycle
is
carried
out
in
the
mitochondrial
matrix
to
concentrate
NADH
in
the
intermembrane
space
c.
Protons
are
concentrated
in
the
intermembrane
space
and
drive
ATP
synthesis
via
the
ATPase
embedded
in
the
inner
mitochondrial
membrane
d.
Protons
are
concentrated
in
the
intermembrane
space
and
drive
ATP
synthesis
by
the
ATPase
embedded
in
the
outer
mitochondrial
membrane
e.
The
citric
acid
cycle
is
carried
out
in
the
intermembrane
space
to
concentrate
protons
outside
the
mitochondria
26.
The
function
of
NADH
is
to
(choose
the
best
answer,
as
always)
a.
Accept
electrons
from
the
electron
transport
chain
b.
Oxidize
a
variety
of
molecules
in
the
cell
c.
Reduce
a
variety
of
molecules
in
the
cell
d.
Generate
ATP
by
delivering
electrons
to
the
electron
transport
chain
e.
Both
c
and
d.
27.
Why
does
the
transport
of
pyruvate
from
the
cytoplasm
into
the
mitochondrion
reflect
a
"decision
point"
in
your
core
metabolism?
a.
Because
the
cell
has
to
decide
whether
there
is
enough
O2
for
respiration
prior
to
transporting
pyruvate
b.
Because
the
citric
acid
cycle
takes
place
in
the
mitochondrion
c.
Because
fermentation
takes
place
in
the
cytoplasm
d.
None
of
the
above
e.
a,
b
and
c
are
all
correct.
28.
Hydrolysis
of
ATP
is
energetically
favorable
because...
a.
The
concentration
of
water
(one
of
the
reactants
in
hydrolysis)
is
very
high
b.
Like
charges
are
separated
c.
A
big
molecule
is
broken
into
2
smaller
ones
d.
Both
b
and
c
are
correct
e.
a,
b,
and
c
are
all
correct
29.
The
generation
of
glucose
6-‐phosphate
from
glucose,
catalyzed
by
hexokinase,
is
the
first
step
in
glycolysis.
This
step
is
energetically
favorable
because:
a.
The
formation
of
glucose
6-‐P
is
coupled
to
the
formation
of
ATP
from
ADP
+
inorganic
phosphate
b.
Glucose-‐6-‐P
has
a
lower
potential
energy
(G0')
than
glucose
c.
The
formation
of
glucose-‐6-‐P
is
coupled
to
the
separation
of
Pi
from
ATP
d.
Glucose-‐6-‐P
has
a
higher
reduction
potential
(E)
than
glucose
e.
Glucose-‐6-‐P
has
a
higher
potential
energy
(G0')
than
glucose.
30.
NADH
does
NOT
play
a
direct
role
in:
a.
Glycolysis
b.
Fermentation
c.
Electron
harvest
during
respiration
d.
Establishment
of
a
proton
gradient
by
the
ETC
e.
ATP
synthesis
by
ATP
synthase