Sexual Offences

By
Prof.Dr. Eman Adel Seif

Intended Learning
(Outcomes (ILOs
• By the end of this lecture, the
student will be able to:
• Define and classify sexual offences.
• List indications of medicolegal

examination for virginity and its signs.
• Define rape and state conditions of

consent.
• Describe procedure of medicolegal
examination of a victim of alleged
rape.
• Recognize procedure of medicolegal

examination of the suspected
assailant of rape.
• Estimate clinical findings detected by

examination of a victim of alleged
sodomy.
Definition:
Sexual offences are acts of sexual
intercourse with a second person or
an animal to obtain sexual
gratification.
SEXUAL OFFENCES
Natural Unnatural
sexual offences sexual offences
Natural sexual offences
Rape Incest
Incest:
sexual intercourse by a man with
a woman whose their degree of
blood relationship prohibits their
marriage e.g. mother, daughter,
sister or grand-daughter.
II- Unnatural sexual offences
• Sodomy.
• Bestiality: sexual act by a human being
with a lower animal, either by anus or by
vagina. Sheep are commonly used by
males, and dogs and cats by females.
Severe injuries may occur.
• Necrophilia: sexual activity with dead
body.
• Tribadism: gratification of sexual desire of
a women by another woman = female
homosexuality.
• Sadism: Infliction of pain on partner for

sexual gratification. This may cause
severe injuries or death.
• Masochism: sex enjoyment by receiving

pain.
• Buccal coitus: intercourse through the
mouth. Faint teeth marks and abrasions
may be seen on the penis.
• Sexual asphyxia: It is achieved by

constriction of the neck by a ligature which
can be voluntarily tightened to produce
cerebral hypoxia, to produce
hallucinations of an erotic nature. This
may lead to accidental death.
Virginity
Signs of virginity:
• Hymen is intact.
• Posterior commissure is intact.
• Labia majora are firm, round and
completely closing the vaginal orifice.
• Vagina is narrow with a rugose mucosa.
• Breasts are firm, hemispherical with small
nipple and areola.
1.Labium majus
2.Glans of
clitoris
3.Hymen
4.Posterior labial
commissure
5. Prepuce of
clitoris
6. Labium minus
7. External orifice of
urethra
8. Vaginal orifice
Examination of the hymen:
The hymen is a thin membranous structure
which partially closes the vaginal orifice in
virgins.
Types of hymen:
• Semilunar (cresentic).
• Annular.
• Dentate.
• Fimbriate.
• Cribriform.
• Septate.
• Imperforate.
:Types of hymen
Cresentric-1
Annular-2
Dentate- 3
Cribriform-4
Septate- 5
Imperforate-6
Medicolegal types of hymen:
1. Fleshy dilatable H.
2. Dentate or Fimbriate H.
3. Imperforate H.
Torn hymen Dentate or Fimbriate
hymen
1.Serrations usually reach Never reach vaginal wall
vaginal wall.
2.Dentations are irregular and Symmetrical on both sides
asymmetrical
3.Width of the opening admits Admits the tip of the little
2 fingers to pass through finger
easily.
4.Transillumination shows Translucent tissue without

opaque scar tissue after healing scar
of tear.
Indications of medicolegal
examination for virginity:
• In cases of suspected virginity in

newly married female.
• In cases of alleged rape.
• In cases of suspected impotence.
• In cases of imperforate hymen.
Rape
Definition:
It is unlawful sexual intercourse of a woman
by a man other than her husband against
her will, without her consent and by force.
Conditions of consent
• She must not be under the age of 18 years.

• She should be sane and not mentally
retarded.
• She must be conscious, not be under
anesthesia or asleep.
• She must not be under the effect of drugs.
• She must not under fear, violence or
physical and mental threats.
• She must not under fraud i.e. the male
partner may impersonate the husband
during sleep of the wife.
Examination of a case of rape
(A) Examination of the victim.
(B) Examination of the suspected
assailant.
A. Examination of the victim:
• A written consent for examination of the

victim or her guardian.
• A detailed history of the crime heard
from the victim.
• Age determination.
• The examination should be made in the
presence of a third person (e.g. a
nurse).
:The findings may be
(1( Clothes: tears, marks of mud or grass,
stains (blood or semen) particularly of
the underwear.
(2( Behavior, manner of speech and gait.
(3( Smell of mouth.
(4( Mental faculties observation during the
interview or examination.
(5( General body examination:
• Physical development and body built.
• Wounds as signs of general violence
on the body. The age of the wounds
must be correlated with the suspected
time of the crime.
Signs of general violence
(6( Local genital examination:
• The victim is put in the lithotomy position
in good direct light fully exposed.
• Fear and shame from examination is
more evident in virgins.
:Local examination may reveal
A. Wounds as signs of local violence:

2. Abrasions or contusion of vulva.
3. Hymenal tears in virgin victim. Here, we
must differentiate between recent and old
tears.
4. Lacerations and tears in vagina and vulva,
and perineal tear.
Recent hymenal tears Old hymenal tears
-Painful, swollen, edematous. -Painless, not edematous.
-Hyperemic and bleed on -Neither hyperemic nor

touch. bleed on touch.
-May not reach the vaginal - Reach the vaginal wall.

wall.
- Translucent. - Opaque.
B. Assailant's pubic hair may be found on
the victim genitalia.
C. Seminal or blood stains of the assailant
may be found on victim's clothes , pubic
hair or inside the vagina.
D. The presence of smegma bacilli is
suggestive of coitus.
(7( Nails: for the presence of skin epithelial
tags of assailant.
(8( Delayed examination of body and

genitalia for the detection of venereal
diseases (after 7 days for gonorrhea and
after 2-4 weeks for syphilis).
B( Examination of the suspected(
:assailant
• Consent for examination must be taken.
• Detailed history compared with that of the
victim.
• Age determination is essential by X-ray.
1. Clothes: tears, blood or hair of the
victim.
2. Behaviour, smell of mouth (alcohol(
and mental state.
3. Physical development.
4. Signs of violence and struggle.
5. Grouping of semen.
6. Delayed examination for venereal
diseases.
II. UNNATURAL SEXUAL OFFENCES
Sodomy
Definition:
Sexual intercourse per anus by a man
who is usually the active partner with
a passive partner that may be a man
(homosexual,sodomy( or a woman
(heterosexual sodomy(.
Indications of medicolegal
examination for sodomy:
• The two partners of sodomy may be
arrested during the act.
• The passive partner may accuse the
active partner of doing the act of
sodomy against his will (e.g. in
children(.
• A wife may ask for divorce alleging that
her husband is a sodomist.
:Examination of the passive partner
• Consent should be taken before
examination.
• History of the crime.
1. Clothes: tears, stains (blood or semen).

2. Behaviour: manner of speech and
dressing, gait and response to anal
examination must be observed.
Anal examination: under adequate. 3
.light in the knee elbow position
4. Detection of blood and seminal
stains.
5. Signs of recent sodomy.
6. Determination of manifestation of
habitual sodomy.
Signs of recent sodomy
1. Anal examination of
the victim of recent
sodomy reveals that
the anal orifice is
tender under touch ,
and edematous.
2. Zone of bruising may
be seen around it.
3. Recent tears may be
found with bleeding.
Manifestations of habitual
sodomy of passive partner
(A( The person usually takes the knee
elbow position without shame.
(B( Anal examination:
1. Inspection:
 Fat substances are absorbed from
continuous pressure → anus is funnel or
conical in shape.
 Loss of usual mucosal folds → smooth
mucous membrane.
 Presence of fissures.
 Thickening of anal mucosa due to
chronic irritation.
 Evidence of any venereal disease.
2. Palpation (digital examination):

• Loss of elasticity and tone and absence
of pain when introducing the finger.
• Anus is lax and patulous.
• Loss of anal sphincter reflex : on
pricking or pulling the skin around the
anus, complete relaxation and dilatation
of the opening occurs.
3. Rectal examination: for old or recent

tears and swabs must be taken from
rectum for detection of semen and
venereal diseases.
Thank you

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By

Prof.Dr. Eman Adel Seif

• List indications of medicolegal

• Define rape and state conditions of

• Recognize procedure of medicolegal

• Estimate clinical findings detected by

• Sadism: Infliction of pain on partner for

• Masochism: sex enjoyment by receiving

• Sexual asphyxia: It is achieved by

4.Transillumination shows Translucent tissue without

• In cases of suspected virginity in

• She must not be under the age of 18 years.

• A written consent for examination of the

A. Wounds as signs of local violence:

-Painful, swollen, edematous. -Painless, not edematous.

-Hyperemic and bleed on -Neither hyperemic nor

-May not reach the vaginal - Reach the vaginal wall.

(8( Delayed examination of body and

1. Clothes: tears, stains (blood or semen).

2. Palpation (digital examination):

3. Rectal examination: for old or recent

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