This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: A307 − 14´1

Standard Specification for

Carbon Steel Bolts, Studs, and Threaded Rod 60 000 PSI
Tensile Strength1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A307; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

ε1 NOTE—Section 7.3 was editorially corrected in May 2017.

1. Scope*
A
Nuts of other grades and styles having specified proof load stresses (Specifica-
1.1 This specification2 covers the chemical and mechanical tion A563, Table 3) greater than the specified grade and style of nut are also
requirements of two grades of carbon steel bolts and studs in suitable.
sizes 1⁄4 in. through 4 in. The fasteners are designated by 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
“Grade” denoting tensile strength and intended use, as follows: as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Grade Description standard.
Grade A Bolts, studs, and threaded 1.5 Supplementary Requirement S1 of an optional nature is
rod having a minimum provided, which describes additional restrictions to be applied
tensile strength of 60 ksi
and intended for general when bolts are to be welded. It shall apply only when specified
applications, in the inquiry, order, and contract.
Grade B Bolts, studs, and threaded
rodA having a tensile 1.6 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-
strength of 60 to 100 ksi and nology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.
intended for flanged joints in
piping systems with cast iron
flanges, and 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
Grade C Replaced by Specification dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
F1554 Gr.36 ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
A
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Threaded rod is not usually produced to Grade B, but can be when specified by
the purchaser. mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 This specification does not cover requirements for
machine screws, thread cutting/forming screws, mechanical 2. Referenced Documents
expansion anchors or similar externally threaded fasteners.
2.1 ASTM Standards:3
1.3 Suitable nuts are covered in Specification A563. Unless A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
otherwise specified, the grade and style of nut for each grade of A706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-
fastener, of all surface finishes, shall be as follows: Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
Fastener Grade and Size Nut Grade and StyleA A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
A 1⁄4 to 11⁄2 in. A, hex cal Analysis of Steel Products
A over 11⁄2 to 4 in. A, heavy hex
B, 1⁄4 to 4 in. A, heavy hex B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-
posited on Iron and Steel
F606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Proper-
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on ties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Washers, and Rivets (Metric) F0606_F0606M
Nuts, Rivets and Washers.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originally
3
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A307 –12. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/A0307-14E01. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
cation SA-307 in Section II of that Code. the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

1
 A307 − 14´1
F788/F788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities of 4.3.2 Stress relieving of hex head fasteners and those with
Bolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric Series minimum head heights greater than .5 D shall be at the
F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me- manufacturer’s option.
chanical Properties and Performance Inspection 4.4 Bolt and stud threads shall be rolled or cut.
F1554 Specification for Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55, and
105-ksi Yield Strength 4.5 Zinc Coatings, Hot-Dip and Mechanically Deposited:
F1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners 4.5.1 When zinc-coated fasteners are required, the pur-
F2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require- chaser shall specify the zinc-coating process, for example hot
ments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts, dip, mechanically deposited, or no preference.
Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners 4.5.2 When hot-dip is specified, the fasteners shall be
2.2 ASME Standards: zinc-coated by the hot-dip process in accordance with the
B 1.1 Unified Screw Threads4 requirements of Specification F2329.
B 18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws4 4.5.3 When mechanically deposited is specified, the fasten-
B 18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System5 ers shall be zinc-coated by the mechanical-deposition process
B18.31.3 Threaded Rods (Inch Series)4 in accordance with the requirements of Class 55 of Specifica-
tion B695.
3. Ordering Information 4.5.4 When no preference is specified, the supplier may
furnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance with
3.1 Orders for externally threaded fasteners (including nuts
Specification F2329, or a mechanically deposited zinc coating
and accessories) under this specification shall include the
in accordance with Specification B695, Class 55. Threaded
following:
components (bolts and nuts) shall be coated by the same
3.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
zinc-coating process and the supplier’s option is limited to one
3.1.2 Name of product, bolts or studs; and bolt head style,
process per item with no mixed processes in a lot.
that is, hex or heavy hex, or threaded rod,
3.1.3 Grade, that is, A, or B. If no grade is specified, Grade 5. Chemical Composition
A is furnished.
3.1.4 Quantities (number of pieces by size including nuts), 5.1 Grade A and B bolts, studs, and threaded rod shall have
3.1.5 Fastener size and length, a heat analysis conforming to the requirements specified in
3.1.6 Washers—Quantity and size (separate from bolts), Table 1 based on the steel producer’s heat analysis.
3.1.7 Zinc Coating—Specify the zinc-coating process 5.2 The purchaser shall have the option of conducting
required, for example, hot-dip, mechanically deposited, or no product analyses on finished bolts in each lot, which shall
preference (see 4.5). conform to the product analysis specified in Table 1.
3.1.8 Other Finishes—Specify other protective finish, if 5.3 In case of conflict or for referee purposes, the product
required. analysis shall take precedence.
3.1.9 Specify if inspection at point of manufacture is
required, 5.4 Bolts and studs are customarily furnished from stock, in
3.1.10 Specify if certified test report is required (see 9.2), which case individual heats of steel cannot be identified.
and 5.5 Application of heats of steel to which bismuth,
3.1.11 Specify additional testing (9.3) or special require- selenium, tellurium, or lead has been intentionally added shall
ments. not be permitted for Grade B bolts and studs.
3.1.12 For establishment of a part identifying system, see 5.6 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordance
ASME B18.24. with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.
4. Materials and Manufacture 6. Mechanical Properties
4.1 Steel for bolts, studs, and threaded rod shall be made by 6.1 Grades A and B bolts, studs, and threaded rod shall
the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process. conform to the hardness specified in Table 2.
4.2 Bolts shall be produced by hot or cold forging of the 6.2 Grade A and B bolts, studs, and threaded rod 1½ in. in
heads or machining from bar stock. diameter or less, other than those excepted in 6.4, shall be
4.3 Heat Treatment:
4.3.1 Cold headed fasteners with head configurations other
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements for Grades A and B Bolts,
than hex having a minimum head height less than or equal to Studs, and Threaded Rod
.5 D (D is nominal diameter) shall be stress relief annealed at
Heat Analysis Product Analysis
a minimum temperature of 875°F. Carbon, max 0.29 0.33
Manganese, max 1.20 1.25
Phosphorus, max 0.04 0.041
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Sulfur, max
A
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. Grade A 0.15
5
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME Grade B 0.05 0.051
International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:// A
Resulfurized steel is not subject to rejection based on product analysis for sulfur.
www.asme.org.

2
 A307 − 14´1
TABLE 2 Hardness Requirements for Bolts, Studs, and Threaded TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements for Full-Size Bolts, Studs, and
Rod Threaded Rod
Grade Nominal HardnessA Bolt Threads Stress Tensile Strength, lbfB
Length, in. Brinell Rockwell B Size, per inch Area,A Grade Grade B
in. in.2
min max min max A, min C minD maxD

14⁄ 20 0.0318 1 900 1 900 3 180

A Less than 3 × diaB 121 241 69 100 ⁄
5 16 18 0.0524 3 100 3 100 5 240
3 × dia and longer ... 241 ... 100 3 ⁄8 16 0.0775 4 650 4 650 7 750
B Less than 3 × diaB 121 212 69 95 7⁄16 14 0.1063 6 350 6 350 10 630
3 × dia and longer ... 212 ... 95
A
12⁄ 13 0.1419 8 500 8 500 14 190
As measured anywhere on the surface or through the cross section.
B ⁄
9 16 12 0.182 11 000 11 000 18 200
Also bolts with drilled or undersize heads. These sizes and bolts with modified 5 ⁄8 11 0.226 13 550 13 550 22 600
heads shall meet the minimum and maximum hardness as hardness is the only 3 ⁄4 10 0.334 20 050 20 050 33 400
requirement. 7 ⁄8 9 0.462 27 700 27 700 46 200

1 8 0.606 36 350 36 350 60 600

1 1⁄ 8 7 0.763 45 800 45 800 76 300
1 1⁄ 4 7 0.969 58 150 58 150 96 900
1 3⁄ 8 6 1.155 69 300 69 300 115 500
tested full size and shall conform to the requirements for tensile
strength specified in Table 3. Threaded rod is permitted to be 1 1⁄ 2 6 1.405 84 300 84 300 140 500
cut to a length suitable for tensile testing and shall be treated 1 3⁄ 4 5 1.90 114 000 114 000 190 000
2 4½ 2.50 150 000 150 000 250 000
using the same method specified for studs. 2 1⁄ 4 4½ 3.25 195 000 195 000 325 000
6.3 Grade A and B bolts, studs, and threaded rod larger than 2 1⁄ 2 4 4.00 240 000 240 000 400 000
11⁄2 in. in diameter, other than those excepted in 6.4, shall 2 3⁄ 4 4 4.93 295 800 295 800 493 000
preferably be tested full size and when equipment of sufficient 3 4 5.97 358 200 358 200 597 000
3 1⁄ 4 4 7.10 426 000 426 000 710 000
capacity is available and shall conform to the requirements for
tensile strength specified in Table 3. When equipment of 3 1⁄ 2 4 8.33 499 800 499 800 833 000
sufficient capacity for full-size testing is not available, or when 3 3⁄ 4 4 9.66 579 600 579 600 966 000
4 4 11.08 664 800 664 800 1 108 000
the length of the bolt or stud makes full-size testing
A
impractical, machined specimens shall be tested and shall Area calculated from the equation:
2
As = 0.7854 [D − (0.9743/n)]
conform to the requirements specified in Table 4. where:
6.4 Grades A and B bolts and studs less than three diameters
in nominal length or bolts with drilled or undersize heads are As = stress area,
D = nominal diameter of bolt, and
not subject to tensile tests. n = threads per inch.
6.5 In the event that bolts, studs, and threaded rod are tested B
1 lbf = 4.448 N.
by both full size and by machine test specimen methods, the C
Based on 60 ksi (414 MPa).
full-size test shall govern if a controversy between the two D
Based on 60–100 ksi (414–690 MPa).
methods exists.
6.6 For bolts, studs, and threaded rod on which both TABLE 4 Tensile Requirements for Machined Specimens
hardness and tension tests are performed, acceptance based on Grade A Grade B
tensile requirements shall take precedence in the event that
Tensile strength, ksi 60 min 60–100
there is controversy over low readings of hardness tests. Yield point, min ksi ... ...
Elongation in 2 in., 18 18
7. Dimensions min, %

7.1 Unless otherwise specified, threads on bolts and studs

shall be the Coarse Thread Series as specified in the latest issue ASME B18.2.1. Unless otherwise specified, threads on
of ASME B1.1, and shall have a Class 2A tolerance. Unless threaded rod shall be per the requirements of the latest issue of
otherwise specified, threads on threaded rod shall be per the ASME B18.31.3.
requirements of the latest issue of ASME B18.31.3. 7.3 Unless otherwise specified, bolts, studs, and threaded
7.2 Unless otherwise specified, Grade A bolts shall be hex rod to be used with nuts or tapped holes which have been
bolts with dimensions as given in the latest issue of ASME tapped oversize, in accordance with Specification A563, shall
B18.2.1. Unless otherwise specified, Grade B bolts shall be have threads as specified in 7.1 before hot-dip or mechanically
heavy hex bolts with dimensions as given in the latest issue of deposited zinc coating.

3
 A307 − 14´1
After zinc coating the maximum limit of pitch and major 9.3.3 One nominal length of bolts and studs.
diameter shall not exceed the Class 2A maximum limit by more 9.4 From each lot, the number of tests for each requirement
than the following amounts: shall be as follows:
Diameter, in. Oversize Limit, in.A
Number of Pieces in Lot Number of Samples
⁄
14 0.016
5⁄16, 3⁄8
800 and under 1
0.017
7⁄16, 1⁄2
801 to 8 000 2
0.018
9⁄16 to 3 ⁄4, incl
8 001 to 22 000 3
0.020
7⁄ 8
Over 22 000 5
0.022
1.0 to 11⁄4, incl 0.024 9.5 If any machined test specimen shows defective machin-
1 3⁄ 8 , 1 1 ⁄2 0.027
ing it shall be discarded and another specimen substituted.
13⁄4 to 4.0, incl 0.050
9.6 Should any sample fail to meet the requirements of a
A
These values are the same as the overtapping required for zinc-coated nuts in specified test, double the number of samples from the same lot
Specification A563.
shall be tested, in which case all of the additional samples shall
7.4 The gaging limit for bolts and studs, and threaded rod meet the specification.
shall be verified during manufacture or use by assembly of a
nut tapped as nearly as practical to the amount oversize shown 10. Test Methods
above. In case of dispute, a calibrated thread ring gage of that 10.1 Grades A and B bolts and studs shall be tested in
same size (Class X tolerance, gage tolerance plus) shall be accordance with Test Methods F606.
used. Assembly of the gage, or the nut described above, must
be possible with hand effort following application of light 10.2 Standard square and hex head bolts only shall be tested
machine oil to prevent galling and damage to the gage. These by the wedge tension method except as noted in 6.4. Fracture
inspections, when performed to resolve disputes, shall be shall be in the body or threads of the bolt without any fracture
performed at the frequency and quality described in Table 5. at the junction of the head and body. Other headed bolts shall
be tested by the axial tension method.
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
11. Inspection
8.1 Surface discontinuity limits, inspection and evaluation
shall be in accordance with Specification F788/F788M. 11.1 If the inspection described in 11.2 is required by the
purchaser it shall be specified in the inquiry, order, or contract.
9. Number of Tests and Retests
11.2 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have
9.1 The requirements of this specification shall be met in free entry to all parts of the manufacturer’s works that concern
continuous mass production for stock, and the manufacturer the manufacture of the material ordered. The manufacturer
shall make sample inspections to ensure that the product shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilities to satisfy him
conforms to the specified requirements. Additional tests of that the material is being furnished in accordance with this
individual shipments of material are not ordinarily contem- specification. All tests and inspections required by the specifi-
plated. Individual heats of steel are not identified in the finished cation that are requested by the purchaser’s representative shall
product. be made before shipment, and shall be conducted as not to
9.2 When specified in the order, the manufacturer shall interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works.
furnish a test report certified to be the last completed set of
mechanical tests for each stock size in each shipment. 12. Responsibility
9.3 When additional tests are specified on the purchase 12.1 The party responsible for the fastener shall be the
order, a lot, for purposes of selecting test samples, shall consist organization that supplies the fastener to the purchaser.
of all material offered for inspection at one time that has the
13. Rejection and Rehearing
following common characteristics:
9.3.1 One type of item, 13.1 Disposition of nonconforming lots shall be in accor-
9.3.2 One nominal size, and dance with Guide F1470, specifically sections on disposition of
nonconforming lots, suppliers option, and purchasers option.
TABLE 5 Sample Sizes and Acceptance Numbers for Inspection
of Hot-Dip or Mechanically Deposited Zinc-Coated Threads
14. Product Marking
Lot Size Sample SizeA Acceptance Number 14.1 Grades A and B Bolts and Studs:
14.1.1 Bolt heads and one end of studs shall be marked with
2 to 90 13 1 a unique identifier by the manufacturer to identify the manu-
91 to 150 20 2
151 to 280 32 3
facturer or private label distributor, as appropriate. Additional
281 to 500 50 5 marking required by the manufacturer shall be at the option of
501 to 1 200 80 7 the manufacturer.
1 201 to 3 200 125 10
3 201 to 10 000 200 14
14.1.2 In addition to the requirements of 14.1, all bolt heads,
10 001 and over 315 21 one end of studs ⅜ in. and larger, and whenever feasible studs
A
Inspect all bolts in the lot if the lot size is less than the sample size. less than ⅜ in. shall be marked with a grade marking as
follows:

4
 A307 − 14´1

Grade Marking 15.1.2 When special packaging requirements are required,

A 307A they shall be defined at the time of the inquiry and order.
B 307B
14.1.3 All markings shall be located on the top of the bolt 15.2 Package Marking:
head or stud end and shall be raised or depressed at the option 15.2.1 Each shipping unit shall include or be plainly marked
of the manufacturer. with the following information:
14.2 Grades A and B Threaded Rod: 15.2.1.1 ASTM designation and grade,
14.2.1 Refer to ASME B18.31.3 for marking of Grade A and 15.2.1.2 Size,
B threaded rod. 15.2.1.3 Name and brand or trademark of the manufacturer,
14.2.2 If markings are required, they shall be located on the 15.2.1.4 Number of pieces,
ends of the threaded rod and shall be raised or depressed at the
15.2.1.5 Purchase order number (when specified in the
option of the manufacturer.
order),
15. Packaging and Package Marking 15.2.1.6 Country of origin.
15.1 Packaging:
15.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, packaging shall be in 16. Keywords
accordance the manufacturer’s practice to prevent damage 16.1 all thread rod; bolts; carbon steel; steel; studs; threaded
before and during shipment. rod

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirement shall apply only when specified in the purchase order or
contract:

S1. Bolts Suitable for Welding S1.5.2 Carbon Equivalent (Source—Specification A706/
S1.1 The material described in this section is intended for A706M)—In addition to the heat chemical analysis require-
welding. This supplemental section, by additional chemical ments in S1.5.1, the heat analysis shall be such as to provide a
composition restrictions and by a carbon equivalent formula, carbon equivalent (CE) not exceeding 0.55 when calculated as
provides assurance of weldability by chemical composition follows:
control. % Mn % Cu % Ni % Cr % Mo % V
S1.2 Welding technique is of fundamental importance when CE 5 % C1 1 1 1 2 2
6 40 20 10 50 10
bolts produced to this supplementary section are welded. It is
presupposed that suitable welding procedures for the steel S1.6 Analysis Reports—If requested on the order or
being welded and the intended service will be selected. contract, the chemical composition of each heat of steel used
S1.3 All of the requirements of this supplemental section and the calculated carbon equivalent for each heat shall be
apply in addition to all of the chemical, mechanical, and other reported to the purchaser.
requirements of the base specification, Specification A307 for S1.7 Product (Check) Verification Analysis—Chemical
Grade B. analyses when made by the purchaser or a representative on
S1.4 Because of the embrittling effects of welding tempera- bolts from each heat of steel, shall not exceed the values
tures on cold-forged steel, this supplemental section is limited specified in S1.5.2 by more than the following amounts:
to hot-forged bolts, or, if not forged, then to bolts produced
%
from hot-rolled bars without forging or threaded bars, bars Carbon +0.03
studs, or stud bolts produced from hot-rolled bars without Manganese +0.06
forging. Cold-forged bolts, or cold-drawn threaded bars, if they Phosphorus +0.008
Sulfur +0.008
are given a thermal treatment by heating to a temperature of not Silicon +0.05
less than 1500°F (815°C) and air-cooled are also suitable.
S1.5 Chemical Requirements: S2. Permanent Manufacturer’s Identification
S1.5.1 Heat Chemical Analysis—Material conforming to
the following additional analysis limitations shall be used to S2.1 Replaced by Specification F1554.
manufacture the product described in this supplementary
requirement. S3. Permanent Grade Identification
Carbon 0.30 %, max S3.1 Replaced by Specification F1554.
Manganese 1.00 %, max
Phosphorus 0.04 %, max
Sulfur 0.05 %, max
Silicon 0.50 %, max

5
 A307 − 14´1
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (A307–12)
that may impact the use of this standard.

(1) Clarified length-dependant tensile testing requirements are (2) Added Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance requirements
dependant on nominal length by adding the word “nominal” in in 8.1 per Specification F788/F788M.
Table 2 and 6.4.

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