Electrical Bus, Bar and Types of Bus, Bar Arrangements and Advantages and Disadvantages
Electrical Bus, Bar and Types of Bus, Bar Arrangements and Advantages and Disadvantages
Electrical Bus, Bar and Types of Bus, Bar Arrangements and Advantages and Disadvantages
A bus – bar is a conductor or group of conductors and it collects electric energy from incoming
feeders and distributes them to outgoing feeders. So bus – the bar is a junction where all
incoming and outgoing currents meet. Bus – bar is generally made up of aluminum but not with
copper because aluminum has special characters like higher conductivity, lower cost, excellent
corrosion resistance, etc.
We have different types of bus – bar arrangements we need to choose the required arrangement.
This depends on various factors such as
1. System voltage.
2. The position of a substation in the system.
3. Reliability of supply.
4. Flexibility.
5. cost.
6. Availability of alternative arrangements if outage of any of the apparatus happens.
7. Bus – bar arrangement should be simple and easy to maintain.
8. In case of load – growth there must be the possibility to extend the system to meet the load
requirements.
9. The installation should be as economical as possible, keeping in view about the needs and
continuity of supply.
1. It is easy in operation.
2. Initial cost s less.
3. Requires less maintenance.
1. When damage occurs then there will be the whole interruption of power supply.
2. Flexibility and immunity are very less.
Single bus – bar arrangement with bus sectionalized:
In the single bus-bar arrangement with bus sectionalized we divide a single bus – bar into two
sections with the help of a circuit breaker and isolator switches and the load is distributed equally
among both sections as shown in the following figure:
1. We are using extra isolators and circuit breakers so that the cost will be high.
Double bus arrangement has two bus bars and the incoming feeders and outgoing feeders are
connected in parallel to both buses with the help of isolators. By closing the isolator switch we
can connect the feeders either to bus – bar 1 or to bus – bar 2. We can divide the load among two
buses with the help of isolator switches by closing the isolator switch that is connected to bus –
bar 1 and feeder the load can be connected to bus – bar 1 and by closing the isolator switch
connected to bus – bar 2 and feeder the load gets connected to bus – bar 2. This can be shown in
the following figure:
We have a bus coupler breaker which is used for bus transfer operation. When we need to
transfer load from one bus to another bus we need to close the bus coupler first and then close
isolators of the associated bus to which load is to be connected and open the isolator switch
coupled to fault bus and then open the bus coupler breaker.
In double bus double breaker arrangement we connect a feeder in parallel to both buses with
the help of two circuit breakers and isolator switches instead of bus coupler as shown in the
following figure:
Here we energize both the feeders and divide feeders among both the buses but we can connect
the desired feeder to the desired bus at any time for this purpose we need to close the isolator and
then circuit breaker associated with the required bus – bar and later open the circuit breaker and
then isolator from which it has to be disconnected.
1. During fault conditions, the load can be transferred to one bus so there will not be the
interruption in power supply.
2. Here we are not using a bus coupler so there will not be much delay in power supply while
closing circuit breaker to transfer load from one bus to another bus.
3. High flexibility.
Disadvantages of double bus double breaker system:
Because of the high cost of double bus double breaker arrangement we use one and a half
breaker arrangement. Here the two feeders are fed through their corresponding bus – bars and
these two feeders are coupled by a third circuit breaker called tiebreaker as shown in the
following figure:
During normal conditions, all the three circuit breakers are closed and both circuits operate in
parallel and power is fed to feeders from the two bus – bars. If the fault occurs on one bus bar
then with the help of the second bus – bar feeder circuit breaker and tiebreaker power are fed to
feeders. This means each feeder breaker has to be rated to feed both feeders which are coupled
by tie breaker.
In main and transfer bus arrangement we have two buses one is the main bus and the other is
transfer bus. With the help of isolator switches, it is connected to the transfer bus which is called
bypass isolators and with the help of circuit breakers and isolator switches it is connected to the
main bus. There is also bus coupler as shown in the following figure:
In normal conditions, the feeders are fed through the main bus but during fault conditions load is
transferred to the transfer bus. In order to transfer load from the main bus to transfer bus, we
need to close the bus coupler first and then close bypass isolators of the feeder to be connected to
transfer bus and open the isolator switch of feeder coupled to the main bus and then open the bus
coupler breaker.
1. No interruption of power supply because in case of fault load can be shifted to transfer bus.
2. The load can be divided into two groups since they can be feed from either of the buses.
Disadvantages of the main bus and transfer bus system:
1. Two bus – bars are used which increases the cost.
A bus coupler is also provided so while transferring the load to healthy bus close the bus coupler
breaker first and close the isolator of the feeder to which it has to be transferred and open the
isolator switch of feeder coupled to fault bus and then open the bus coupler breaker.
1. No interruption of power supply because in case of fault load can be shifted to transfer bus.
2. The load can be divided into two groups since they can be feed from either of the buses.
Disadvantages of double breaker system with bypass isolators:
1. cost is high as we are using two bus bars and extra isolator switches.
2. Complex in nature.
Here if one circuit breaker is damaged it is opened and the feeder can be supplied from the other
circuit breaker which is near to it.
Mesh arrangement:
In mesh arrangement between the mesh formed by bus bars circuit breakers are installed as
shown in the following figure:
From the node point of mesh, the circuit is tapped. We need to open two circuit breakers when
the fault occurs so that protection can be obtained but switching is not possible.
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