Unit 1 Relationships

A camel and his driver take a break in the desert, Rajasthan, India.

F E AT U R E S 1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and the caption. Choose the
phrase you think best describes the photo.
10 Unlikely friends
a faithful companion   blood relatives   
Two animals that enjoy each a passing acquaintance   mutual respect   
other’s company a strong bond   true friends   an odd couple

12 A confused generation
2 1 Listen to three people talking about important
Changing attitudes among relationships in their lives. Put the number of the speaker
China’s young generation (1, 2 or 3) next to the person they are talking about.

14 Bloodlines brother-in-law   colleague   fiancé(e)    flatmate   

Two accounts of how family grandparent   husband   old friend   
has shaped people’s lives
3 Look at these sayings about relationships and discuss the
18 ‘Lady Liberty’ and Ellis questions.
Island a ‘Blood is thicker than water’
A video about immigration b ‘A friend in need is a friend indeed’
to the USA c ‘Like father, like son’
d ‘No man is an island’
1 What does each saying mean? Can you think of any
examples from your or someone else’s experience that
show these sayings are true?
2 Do you have any similar sayings in your language?
3 What other sayings are there about relationships in your
language? Can you translate them?

FRIENDSHIPS  DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GENERATIONS  FAMILY INFLUENCES  MEETING PEOPLE    9

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 vocabulary describing character  •  listening animal friendships  •  grammar present tenses: simple, continuous and
perfect • vocabulary friendships: phrasal verbs  •  speaking friendships

1a Unlikely friends

Suryia and Roscoe at The Institute of

Greatly Endangered and Rare Species
(TIGERS), South Carolina, USA.

Vocabulary describing character Grammar present tenses:

1 Look at the adjectives and phrases and discuss: simple, continuous and perfect
1 which adjectives are positive, which are PRESENT TENSES: SIMPLE, CONTINUOUS and PERFECT
negative and which could be either.
Present simple
2 which make pairs of opposites (or near Suryia lives with his keepers.
opposites). Most dogs avoid apes.
3 which adjective(s) you think describe you. Each day the dog comes into the compound.
Present continuous
considerate   dependable   energetic   
It’s clear they are having the time of their lives.
good fun   laid-back   outgoing    selfish    His understanding of the dog is growing day by day.
serious   shy    unreliable    This week we’re looking at animal friendships.
Present perfect (simple and continuous)
The story of Suryia has attracted a lot of interest.
Listening Over four million viewers have watched them since their
video was put up on Youtube.
2 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and say: They have recognized a basic social need in each other.
1 what type of animals these are and where they Recently, he has been spending time with a local dog.
are normally found (working, as pets, in the They have been doing this every day since they first met.
wild).
For further information and practice, see page 156.
2 what the characteristics of each animal are.

3 2 Listen to an extract from a radio programme. 5 Look at the grammar box. Match the tenses with
What unlikely things do these animals do together? the uses (1–3).
4 2 Listen again. Answer the questions. 1 for something happening at or around the time
of speaking, including changing situations
1 What is uncommon between different species? 2 for something seen as permanent or unchanging,
2 How do dogs usually feel about apes? including facts or habits and routines
3 What kind of relationship do this dog and 3 for a past event that has an impact on or
orang-utan have? relevance in the present; or for something
4 How is an orang-utan’s character described? that started in the past and continues into the
5 What shared need is met in their relationship? present

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 Unit 1  Relationships

6 Match each sentence in the grammar box with the Vocabulary friendships:
specific uses described in Exercise 5.
phrasal verbs
Suryia lives with his keepers. = something seen as
permanent or unchanging 10 Underline these phrasal verbs in Exercise 9.
7 Look at the examples of the present perfect in the • one with the verb get
grammar box. Which form (simple or continuous) • one with the verb stand
generally expresses or emphasizes prolonged or • two with the verb hang
repeated activity? • two with the particle up
• two with the particle round
8 Choose the correct options to complete the text about
animal friendships. Which phrasal verbs contain two particles (e.g. on
and with)? Discuss what each verb means.
Lately, there 1 are / have been a number of videos ‘get on with’ = have a good relationship with
on YouTube showing unlikely animal friends. Lots
of people 2 have discussed / have been discussing a 11 Complete the sentences with the correct
particular film which shows a dog making friends with phrasal verbs from Exercises 9 and 10.
an elephant. Elephants often 3 show / are showing
1 We come from different backgrounds, but we
concern for other elephants in their social group,
really well.
but this video shows an extraordinary scene where
2 We don’t have to do anything special, like
the elephant becomes upset when the dog gets
going to a show. It would just be nice to
injured. The dog 4 has recovered / has been recovering
together for a bit.
now and the two animals are always together. The
3 I made some good friends at university, but
question scientists 5 now ask / are now asking is: Is such
I haven’t with many of them
behaviour normal, or do we just want it to be? Some
since.
people say it happens when animals 6 are living / have
4 Why don’t you to my house for
been living close to humans for some time. No one 7 has
supper tonight?
provided / has been providing a definite answer, but it
5 Some friends are great to have fun with, but
seems some animals are just naturally sociable. Others,
real friends are the ones who you
like giant pandas, 8 live / are living more independent
when things aren’t going so well.
and solitary lives.
6 I’m busy at six thirty, but we could
later, if you like. Say, eight?
9 Complete the sentences. Use the correct present tense
of the verbs. Use contracted forms where possible.
Speaking my life
1 I (live) with my friend Ezra
at the moment, but each of us 12 Think about one of your friends and make notes
(have) our own group of friends that we hang out on these points.
with. • how you met and how long you’ve been friends
2 We’re not close friends – we • where and how often you see him/her
(just / learn) French at the same evening class for • his/her current work or studies
the past year. • his/her personality and why you like him/her
3 Lara and I went on a trip to Peru ten years ago • what things you do together or have
and we (be) friends ever since. done recently
We keep up with each other through social media.
4 Oh, (you / know) Tom too? He 13 Work in pairs. Describe your friend to your
and I (know) each other since partner. Ask and answer questions to get more
primary school. We should all meet up some time. information. Discuss if your friendships are
5 Jacob (often / hang) around similar in any way.
when he’s bored, but he (never /
Jana is one of my oldest friends. We met at a party
come) round if he's got something better to do.
and we’ve known each other for ten years …
6 Kate is a really dependable friend. She
(always / stand) by me
when I’ve needed help.
7 Colin and I (teach) at the same
school for years. We (write) a
book together at the moment.
8 I get on very well with Marco, even though we
(never / see) each other
socially. I think I’ve been round to his house once.

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 reading changing attitudes in China  •  wordbuilding forming adjectives  •  grammar past simple and present perfect  • 
pronunciation auxiliary verbs have and has • speaking differences between generations

1b A confused generation
Reading Wordbuilding forming adjectives
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo. Discuss WORDBUILDING forming adjectives
the questions. There are various endings in English which are commonly
1 What does the photo show? used to form adjectives: -ful, -ish, -ent, -ious, -ive.
2 What do you think is the problem with the girl? act ➙ active, study ➙ studious
3 Is this situation familiar to you? For further practice, see Workbook page 11.

2 Discuss what you know about modern-day China.

Then read the article. Did you learn anything new? 5 Look at the wordbuilding box. Find adjectives in
the article that come from these root words.
3 Read the article again. Find examples of the way
the new and the old China are different in each of pain   self   duty   support   rebel   
these areas.
• caring for the old 6 Form adjectives from these words by using
• the relationship between parents and children the correct suffix and making any other
• standard of living and shopping necessary changes.
• experience and knowledge of the world 1 ambition 4 help
2 child 5 respect
4 How difficult do you think the different generations 3 decide 6 success
(Bella’s and her parents) find the changes you
discussed in Exercise 3? Give reasons.

A few months ago, Bella’s family put Bella’s

grandfather into a nursing home. It was a painful
decision, because in China, caring for aged 15
parents has always been a child’s duty. But times
are changing. Bella’s ambition? ‘I want one day
to put my parents in the best nursing home’ –
the best that money can buy, she means.
‘When she told us that,’ Bella’s father says, 20
‘I thought – is it selfish to think she will be
dutiful and look after us in our old age? We don’t
want to be a burden on her. This is something
my daughter has been trying to teach us. Once
parents taught children, but now we learn 25
from them.’ The family can buy many more

A confused things these days, and when they go shopping,

generation
Bella makes sure they select the ‘right’ western
brands. (Pizza Hut is her favourite restaurant.)
She also teaches her parents the latest slang. 30

Her parents want to be supportive, but they

3 gave up helping with Bella’s homework some
Change brings problems. Eleven-year-old Bella lives with her parents in a time ago. Bella has been studying English
brand new apartment in Shanghai. Her real name is Zhou Jiaying – ‘Bella’ is for five years and in spoken English she has
the name that her English teacher has given her. Her parents are part of a overtaken them. She has already, in her short 35

confused generation in a confused time. In modern Chinese society different life, learned more about the outside world than
5 ideologies are fighting against each other. In the last twenty years, China’s they have. ‘Our advice is not wanted,’ her mother
economic boom has brought enormous material benefits, but it has also had says. ‘When she was little, she agreed with all my
an impact on family life and values. Old values – the respect of family and opinions. Now she sits there and says nothing,
older generations – compete with new values that make money the measure but I know she doesn’t agree with me.’ In China 40

of success. But at the same time people are questioning these new values. there is no concept of the rebellious teenager.
10 Have new possessions made our lives richer? Are we destroying Chinese Bella glares, but says nothing. ‘I suppose our
culture? As in all changing societies, people are trying to find the right child-raising has been a failure,’ her mother
balance between the ‘new’ and ‘old’. adds sadly.

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 Unit 1  Relationships

Grammar past simple and 11 Look at the conversation in Exercise 10 again.

Underline the time expressions that helped you
present perfect to choose the right tense. Then complete the table
with the expressions you underlined.
PAST SIMPLE and PRESENT PERFECT
Past simple Past simple last week, in the past, in 2016,
When she was little, she agreed with all my opinions. ,
Present perfect (simple and continuous) Present perfect ever, so far, just, over the past
Bella has been studying English for five years. simple three months, this year, since
In spoken English she has overtaken them. I was a child, ,
She has already, in her short life, learned much more ,
about the outside world than they have.
Present perfect just, over the past three
For further information and practice, see page 156. continuous months, this year, ,

7 Look at the grammar box. Work in pairs. Choose

the correct options to complete the sentences. 12 Work in pairs. Act out two similar conversations
1 The past simple / present perfect expresses a between a parent and a child. Use these opening
connection between the past and the present. lines.
2 The past simple / present perfect refers to 1 P: Have you tidied your room yet?
something at a specific time in the past. 2 P: Have you eaten any vegetables or fruit today?
3 We generally use adverbials of finished time
(e.g. some time ago, when I was a child, in 2015) 13 Choose the correct options to complete these
with the past simple / present perfect. sentences about different generations. Then
4 We generally use adverbials of unfinished time discuss which statements you agree with.
(e.g. until now, so far this year, since 2015) with 1 ‘Children grew / have been growing up faster
the past simple / present perfect. over the last twenty years. At thirteen, they
8 Underline three sentences with the past simple want to be adults. It’s sad.’
and five with the present perfect in the article. 2 ‘All the new technology that kids use left /
Say which tense is used and why. has left the older generation behind.’
3 ‘My grandparents’ generation probably worked /
In the last twenty years China’s economic boom has have probably worked harder than we do, but
brought enormous material benefits. [= present perfect they didn’t have / haven’t had so much fun.’
to describe a past event that impacts on the present] 4 ‘Most of my parents’ generation already retired /
have already retired with good pensions. We
9 Pronunciation auxiliary verbs have and has won’t retire until we’re 70 and we’ll be poor.’
5 ‘Our parents were no different to us when
4 Listen to how the auxiliary verbs have and has
they were young: they had / have had the same
are pronounced in the present perfect sentences interests, the same hopes and fears.’
you underlined in the article. Then listen again 6 ‘In recent years respect for money replaced /
and repeat. has replaced respect for wisdom and knowledge.’
10 Complete the Saturday morning conversation 7 ‘When I was young, I rebelled / have been rebelling
between a parent (P) and a child (C). Use the against my parents because they were / have been
past simple or the present perfect (simple and very strict. Now my children want to rebel, but
continuous). in fact they have nothing to rebel against.’
8 ‘People criticize the younger generation for being
P: 1
(you / do) your selfish and having no values, but that’s their
maths homework yet – the homework you parents’ fault: they spoilt / have spoilt them.’
2
(not / do) yesterday?
C: Yes, it 3 (be) easy. I
4
(study) equations before. Speaking my life
P: Oh, OK. What about your project on French 14 Make a list of the differences between your
food? The one you 5 (ask) parents’ lives and your own. Think about the areas
me about a few days ago. below or your own ideas. Then discuss which
C: No. I 6 (look) for up-to-date generation you think has had a better life.
information on the internet all morning.
P: Well, I 7 (not / study) • upbringing and school • free time
French since I was a child, but I’m good at • work opportunities • standard of living
searching the internet. I’ll give you a hand. My parents had a much freer childhood than we did. The
C: Thanks, but I 8 (already / outside world has become a more dangerous place …
arrange) to meet Sam and work on it with him.

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 reading immigrant families  •  critical thinking evaluating conclusions  •  word focus sense • speaking family influences

1c Bloodlines
Reading 6 Where in the text did you find evidence to draw
the conclusions in Exercise 5? Which is the
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. author’s main conclusion, do you think? Why?
• Why do you think people emigrate to
other countries? Word focus sense
• What difficulties do first-generation immigrants
face when they settle in a new country? 7 Look at the expression in bold from the article.
• Where would you choose to emigrate to? Why? Then choose the best options to complete the
other sentences.
2 Read the article about immigrants in New York. all of us … have a strong sense of belonging …
Then cover the text and try to remember these
details of Richard and Tanja’s stories. 1 It doesn’t have / make any sense to emigrate if
you are happy where you are.
1 when their ancestors came to America and why
2 Most people want a secure job. It’s common /
2 what Richard and Tanja’s jobs are now
usual sense.
3 how coming from immigrant families has
3 She’s got a great sense of humour / comedy.
influenced them
4 My parents did a lot for me so I feel a sense of
3 Read the article again. Are the sentences true (T) necessity / duty to look after them now.
or false (F) according to the writer? 5 I always get lost in big cities. I have a terrible
sense of direction / location.
1 Immigrants in Queens, New York, feel attached
to their new country.
2 Most people are interested in learning about Speaking my life
recent rather than distant ancestors.
8 Look at the questionnaire and answer the
3 Tomas ran away from home even though he
questions. Then take turns to ask and answer the
was happy there.
questions with your partner. Does family have a
4 Tomas met his brother in New York one day
strong influence in your lives?
by accident.
5 Tanja’s mother wasn’t able to balance work
with looking after her children’s education.
6 Tanja and her sister have chosen to have similar
HOW DOES FAMILY SHAPE YOU?
careers to their parents. 1 Would you say you are a close family?
4 Find these words and phrases in the article. Work 2 How much time do you spend with family:
with a partner to discuss what you think they mean. • out of a sense of duty?  • because you choose to?
1 a melting pot (para 1) 3 Is family a consideration for you in choosing where to live?
2 their ancestral roots (para 2)
4 How conscious are you of your family’s history?
3 seek his fortune (para 3)
4 a must (para 4) 5 Is there a strong family characteristic or quality? Have you
5 a strong work ethic (para 4) inherited it?

6 Is there a ‘head of the family’? How important is it to have

Critical thinking evaluating this person’s approval?
conclusions 7 Is there someone in the family you particularly admire?
Why?
5 Which of these conclusions (a–e) do you think
the author wanted you to draw after reading the 8 Has your family influenced the career path that you have
article? You can choose more than one. chosen?
a Immigration has benefited America. 9 When seeking advice, are you more likely to turn to friends
b Immigrants have a stronger connection to their or family?
original country than their new home.
10 How important is it to you that your family approves of
c It is important for descendants of immigrants
your partner?
to be aware of their family history.
d Immigrant families have a strong motivation to 11 Would you say your family members have the same
work hard and make a good life for themselves. attitude to:
e The world is full of immigrants and this is • money?  • bringing up children?
something we should celebrate.

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 Unit 1  Relationships

Blood
Richard, 38
My great-grandfather Tomas was a builder by trade like me. He came to

lines
America from Poland when he was fifteen. His mother had become ill and 25
died, and his father remarried to be able to take care of his seven children.
Tomas didn’t like his new stepmother, so he ran away to Belgium, where
he boarded a ship to America – without a ticket. He was clearly a free spirit.
5
Arriving in America with nothing, he got a job on the railroads in California.
The USA as a whole is well known for Then one day, by chance, he saw an announcement in a newspaper. It was 30

being a melting pot of different ethnic from his brother in New York who had also come to America to seek his
groups and cultures, but this diversity fortune and was now looking for Tomas. Tomas got in touch and the two
is particularly evident in Queens, New had an emotional reunion in New York. Tomas settled in the city and the
5 York. Here, second-generation Puerto two worked in construction. This is the story that my grandmother has
passed down to us, to my parents and all my aunts and uncles. She is an 35
Ricans live alongside third-generation
amazing woman; the one who holds us all together. She’s actually quite
Greeks and first-generation Koreans,
forgetful now, but she never forgets family details. This has meant that all
all united by a common feeling of
of us – brothers, aunts, cousins – now have a strong sense of belonging to a
pride in their American identity.
group that has struggled and fought together to succeed here.
10 However, they are also proud and Tanja, 29
curious about something which I’m a first-generation American. Both my parents came here from Jamaica, 40
fascinates us all: their ancestral where getting a good education is a must. My mother says that people
roots. These days, tracing back your may take everything away from you, but they can never take away your
family tree as far as you can using the education. My father was a nurse in Jamaica, but he had an ambition to
15 internet is a popular hobby, but what be a doctor in the US; when he first came here, he studied during the day
really interests these families is their and went to work at night. My parents have a strong work ethic. My mum 45
recent history: how their grandparents has always worked as a nurse, but at the same time has always been very
and great-grandparents arrived in involved in our lives, helping with our studies and following our careers
America, what brought them there in with interest. Both my sister and I have followed them into the medical
20 the first place, and how they – their profession and now I’m working as a doctor at the Mount Sinai hospital in
descendants – can best honour their Queens. I don’t know if that kind of dedication is genetic or just something 50

memory. Here are two typical Queens that you learn from your parents, but that desire to get ahead … we’ve
residents’ stories. certainly both inherited it. The great thing about America is that it gives you
the opportunity to live those dreams, too.

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 real life meeting people  •  pronunciation word boundaries

1d What have you been up to?

Real life meeting people
1 Work in pairs. Which phrases would you use to:
a greet someone for the first time?
b greet someone you know in a formal context?
c greet someone you know as a friend?

How are things?    How do you do?   

How are you?   How’s it going?   
Pleased to meet you.   

2 6 Listen to a conversation in the street between

two friends, Tim and Greta. Answer the questions.
1 When did Tim and Greta last see each other?
2 What have Tim and Greta been doing since
they last met?
3 What future arrangement do they make?

3 6 Listen to the conversation again. Tick the

expressions for meeting people the speakers use.

MEETING PEOPLE
How are things?
How’s everything going?
What have you been up to?
I’m doing fine, thanks.
Great.
Not bad.
Busy as ever.
I’ve just got a new job.
I’ve been studying for my exams.
5 Pronunciation word boundaries
You’re looking very relaxed / very well.
It obviously suits you. a 7 Common expressions are often said quickly,
How’s she getting on? so the word boundaries become more difficult
She was asking after you the other day. to hear. Listen to eight expressions and write
Please give her my best wishes. expressions 5–8.
Say hello to her from me.
1 How are things?
Well, I should probably go and … 2 How’s everything going?
Sorry, I’ve got to rush. 3 What have you been up to?
I’m in a bit of a hurry. 4 I haven’t seen you for ages.
I don’t mean to be rude, but I need to … 5 
It was really nice to see you. 6 
It was great to see you.
7 
Good luck with …
8 

4 Match the expressions you ticked in Exercise 3 b Work in pairs. Practise saying the common
expressions in Exercise 5a in the same way.
with these functions (1–5).
1 how Greta asks Tim for his news 6 Imagine you are in a large shopping centre during
2 what Tim says about Greta’s appearance a lunch break. Walk around and ‘bump into’ other
3 how Greta describes her life people that you know. Find out what each person
4 what Greta says about Amanda, their has been doing, and make a future arrangement.
mutual friend Then move on until you bump into someone else.
5 how Greta says she can’t continue the Use the expressions for meeting people to help you.
conversation

16 FRIENDSHIPS  DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GENERATIONS  FAMILY INFLUENCES  MEETING PEOPLE

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 writing an informal email  •  writing skill greetings and endings Unit 1  Relationships

1e News from home

Writing an informal email Dear Fergus
1 When you send news or communicate with I hope all’s well with you. I’ve been meaning to write
friends in other cities or countries, how do you with my news for ages, but my work takes up a lot of
usually communicate (letter, email, instant my time. Please don’t think it’s because I haven’t been
messaging, social media, etc.)? Why? thinking about you all – I have and I’m getting quite
homesick. But I have to remind myself of why I am
2 Read the email from Mateo to his friend, Fergus. here, which is to try and get experience as a freelance
Where is Mateo and what is he doing there? journalist and photographer.
I’m now in Sri Lanka visiting some tea plantations and
3 How are these things (1–5) expressed in the email?
talking to people about how their lives have changed
Compare your answers with a partner.
in the last twenty years or so. The countryside here is
1 sending good wishes 4 suggesting a meeting amazing. At the moment I’m in the hills just outside
2 asking for news 5 the reason for writing Kandy which are so lush and green, you wouldn’t
3 giving news believe it. I’m trying to get an interview with one of
the plantation owners that I can make into an article
4 Look at the differences between formal and for a magazine. Fingers crossed!
informal written English. Then find and underline
So, my plan is to stay here until the end of September
examples of informal language in the email.
and then get a plane back to Buenos Aires so that I
Informal Formal can go and chat to some publishers about my work. It
Contracted verb forms Uncontracted verb forms would be great to get together with you then. How’s
(e.g. isn’t) (e.g. is not) the family? Is Sarah still working for that awful estate
agent? Do send everyone my love. I’ll write again soon.
Informal linking words Formal linking words
All the best,
(e.g. so, but) (e.g. therefore, however)
Mateo
Conversational words More formal vocabulary
(e.g. get, nice) (e.g. receive, pleasant)
6 Imagine you have been away from home studying
Idiomatic expressions Conventional language a foreign language or working in another country.
(e.g. it’s no big deal) (e.g. it is not important) Write an email (about 200 words) to a friend or
family member. Include these elements.
5 Writing skill greetings and endings
• A greeting and the reason for writing
Look at these greetings and endings. Which • Giving your news (the course/work, the
phrases are appropriate for an informal email to a place, your accommodation, other students/
friend or relative? colleagues, etc.)
• Asking for their news
All my love   Best wishes   Dear Mr Franks    • Suggesting meeting when you return
Dear Sir/Madam   Hello   Hi John    • Good wishes and an ending
Kind regards   Love   Regards   Warm regards   
Yours   Yours faithfully   Yours sincerely 7 Exchange emails with your partner. Use these
questions to check your partner’s email.
• Did their email include all the elements listed
in Exercise 6?
• Is the use of tenses correct?
• Is the style appropriate (informal)?
• Did the email use an appropriate greeting
and ending?

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 1f ‘Lady Liberty’ and Ellis Island

Ellis Island and the Statue of Liberty, USA

18

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 Unit 1  Relationships

Before you watch 5 1.1 Watch the second part of the video (1.34–
2.54) again. We hear the stories of descendants of
1 Read the description of the video and answer US immigrants. Make notes to complete the table.
the questions.
Visitor Where their How they feel at
1 Why was the island closed to visitors? ancestors came from Ellis Island
2 Who are we going to hear speaking on the video?
1 Judith
December 26, 2013: Ellis Island has recently 2 Pablo
reopened to visitors, following significant damage 3 Peter
from Hurricane Sandy. Stewards and visitors 4 Raea
describe the importance of the island to them.

6 1.1 Watch the third part of the video

2 Key vocabulary (2.54 to the end) again. Choose the correct options
to complete the facts.
a Read the sentences. The words in bold are used in
the video. Guess the meaning of the words. 1 At its busiest point, Ellis Island processed up to
12,000 immigrants a day / a month.
1 There are a lot of new houses in the town, but 2 Now, in the summer months, Ellis Island
there is no infrastructure to support them. receives over / up to 22,000 visitors per day.
2 The building needs some renovation, but it is 3 The storm, Hurricane Sandy, destroyed the
basically in good condition. renovated buildings / the infrastructure.
3 It takes four weeks to process a new 4 The stewards saw the storm as an opportunity
passport application. to improve the park / the statue.
4 It was a very moving sight, seeing the families
greet each other after so long apart.
5 I have faith in people to do the right thing. After you watch
b Match the words in bold in Exercise 2a with 7 Vocabulary in context
these definitions.
a 1.2 Watch the clips from the video. Choose
a deal with using an official procedure the correct meaning of the words and phrases.
b the process of making something look new
again b Complete the sentences in your own words. Then
c a strong belief (in something) compare your sentences with a partner.
d communications and services that support 1 My … means the world to me.
a place (e.g. a town or country) 2 I showed up late for …
e producing strong emotion 3 It was very gutsy of … to …

While you watch 8 Think of two monuments or places of national

interest in your country. Then work in pairs and
3 1.1 Watch the video. Answer the questions. ask and answer these questions.
1 Who came to Ellis Island in the past? 1 What is the name of the monument or place?
2 Who visits it today? 2 How would you describe it?
3 Was the Statue of Liberty damaged by the 3 What does it mean to people from your country?
storm? 4 Do you like it and have you visited it? Why? /
Why not?
4 1.1 Watch the first part of the video (0.00–1.33)
again. Then answer the questions with your partner. 9 Prepare a brief guide for immigrants to your
country. Write down at least six key points.
1 David Luchsinger is a steward of ‘Liberty Include things like local eating habits, cultural
Island’, but how does he describe himself? habits, transport advice, etc.
Complete the phrase ‘the last ’.
2 Apart from being a steward, what is his 10 Work in groups. Compare your ideas from
personal connection to Ellis Island? Exercise 9. Do you think it is difficult for someone
3 What did the bags that immigrants carried with new to adapt to life in your country? Why? /
them contain? Why not?
4 What were they asked to do with the bags?
5 What is David Luchsinger proud of, in relation defiant (adj) /dɪˈfaɪənt/ refusing to be beaten
to the bags? sends chills down your spine (v) /sendz ˈtʃɪlz daʊn jə ˈspaɪn/
makes you frightened or excited
steward (n) /ˈstjuːə(r)d/ a person employed to look after
a particular place

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 Unit 1 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER
Grammar Vocabulary
1 Choose the correct verb forms to 4 Complete the words and phrases in bold to make definitions
complete the article about family. of different relationships. Someone who:
1 you go on a trip with is a travel com .
2 you can really depend on is a e friend.
3 you and another friend both know is a ual friend.
4 you share an apartment with is a flat .
5 you know but who is not really a friend is
an tance.
6 you are related to by birth to is a b relative.

5 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Give details about people you know.

Use the relationships in Exercise 4. Describe someone:
1 who you hang out with regularly.
2 who you haven’t kept up with.
3 whose house you go round to regularly.
When we talk about family, we 1 need /
are needing to make a distinction between 6 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Look at the photo and list of adjectives.
extended family and nuclear family. The
nuclear family is the parents and children. considerate   dependable   
Extended family 2 means / is meaning energetic   good fun   
all the people who are related to us laid-back   outgoing   
by blood or by marriage: aunts, uncles, selfish   serious   shy   
grandparents, in-laws, etc. In the West, the unreliable   
importance of extended family
3
has decreased / has been decreasing for 1 Which adjectives describe these animals from Unit 1a? Why?
some time. In the past, we 4 have relied / 2 Choose three adjectives to describe three of your relatives.
relied on extended family to help with Tell your partner and give an example to illustrate each one.
childcare or to look after us in old age.
I CAN
5
We‘ve shared / We shared living space
and domestic chores and so our living costs describe friends and relatives
6
have been / were lower. But now more
and more people 7 choose / are choosing
to live in nuclear families and so the
Real life
economics 8 have changed / changed. The 7 Complete the phrases using a preposition or particle.
older generation say that we 9 are losing /
have been losing our traditional family L: Hello Jim. How are you?
values. But there’s an economic issue L: Yeah, that’d be nice. I’m 1 a bit of a hurry now, but
too: that we 10 have lost / lost a valuable I’ll call you.
support network that was free of charge. L: I’ve been working in New York 2 the past month.
L: Oh, well, please give her my best wishes.
L: Thanks. You too. How’s Sarah getting 3 ?
2 Answer the questions. L: Thanks. Well, it was great to see you.
1 What is the difference between a J: Yes, do. And good luck 4 the work in New York.
nuclear and an extended family? J: She’s fine. Still studying hard.
2 What benefits of an extended J: That’s exciting. You’re looking very well.
family does the writer mention? J: I will. Maybe we can all get 5 some time soon.
J: Great, thanks. It’s been ages. What have you been 6 to?
3 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs.
8 Put the sentences from Exercise 7 in the correct order to make
1 Can you explain your choice of
a conversation between Laura (L) and Jim (J). Start with:
tense for items 3–8 in Exercise 1?
L: Hello Jim. How are you?
2 What other time phrases would
fit grammatically instead of 9 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Cover Exercise 7 so that you can only
for some time (item 3) and in the past see the first two or three words of each line. Then act out the
(item 4)? Think of two for each. full conversation.
I CAN I CAN
use present tenses have conversations with someone I meet
use past simple and present perfect

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