ISSN: 2278 – 909X

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE)

Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2016

Air Craft Black Box

Prof. Mangesh Nikam, Priyanka Kadam, Kaveri Vakte, Hemangi Bhalerao

Abstract— In the continually growing sport of model aircraft, and pops. Investigators are so expert that they are then
pilots are challenged with many obstacles. In the division of able to work out crucial flight information such as the
gliders, One of the biggest difficulty is the loss of model speed the plane was travelling & engine rpm and can at
aircraft. Pilots launch their aircraft off mountain tops if air
times pin out the cause of crash the CVR is also very
craft crashes below, the pilot must make use of his greatest
estimates in order to locate the aircraft. This takes several
necessary for determining the timing of events as it
hours, or the aircraft is never recovered. Pilots are also at lost contains information such as communication among the
with regard to actual time data but not limited to battery crew ground control other aircraft it is usually located in
levels, altitude and speed. Model aircraft competitions are also the tail of a plane[3]. Flight data recorder: This piece of kit
limited to the most excellent estimate of officials. In this work is essential to the work of air crash researchers as it
an effort has been made to design and develop embedded records the many speed and direction the plane is heading.
system for model aircraft. In aircraft height, direction, But these are just the main function of the recorder. In fact
air-pressure, G-force are logged to an memory device for any new flight data recorder are able to monitor countless
flight investigation. In existing system these parameters are
other actions, such as the movement of each flaps on the
obtained by GPS installed in aircraft but due to signaling
error propagation delay in signal these parameters lags wings, auto-pilot, fuel gauge. Information stored in the
sometimes false parameters get recorded. In this proposed flight data recorder of a plane that has crashed is precious
embedded system these parameters are store broadcast for investigators in their search for determining what
digitally in real time . cause a specific crash
.

Index Terms- Gyroscope, Accelerometer, BMP180, CC2500 II. LITERATURE SURVEY

trans-receiver,LCD display, PIC18F45.
The entire designed system is valuable for the avoidance
of accident.. The Air Craft Crashes Record Office
I. INTRODUCTION (ACRO) a NGO in Geneva announced that there are about
2436 flight accidents all over the world from 1999-2013
The Black Box was first invented by a young Australian ensuing in a death toll of 18,987 when flights meet disaster
Scientist named Dr. David Warren. When Warren was in mid air. The reason of the accident is not known
working at the Aeronautical Research laboratory in instantly. Teams are dispatched in complicated condition
Melbourne in mid 1950s he was caught up in an accident to recover the aviation data recorder also called as Black
investigation surround the mysterious crash of the world’s Box. Until the Black box is found the exact reason of the
first jet powered commercial aircraft, the comet realising crash cannot be firm. At times it may take years to find the
that it have been useful for investigators if there had been a black box. For ex. Air France flight 447 crashed into the
recording of what had happened on the plane just before Atlantic Ocean on June 1, 2009. The reason of the
crash, Warren got to work on a basic Flight Data accident was unidentified mainly because of the black box
Recorder[1]. The First demonstration unit was produced was missing .It was found after almost two years later in
in 1957, but it was not until 1960, after an unexplained May 2011.
plane collapse in Queensland, that Australia became the It is vital to note that the delay in finding flight data recorder
first country in the world to construct the black box creates hazard for future flights. If the flight data is
compulsory for all commercial aircraft[4]. Any transmitted into real time to ground using CC2500 in adding
commercial Aeroplane or corporate jet is necessary to be to being saved in the black box the data would be obtainable
equipped with a cockpit voice recorder and a Flight data immediately in case of crash.
recorder. It is these two items of separate equipment which Today’s the Black Box is still just as vitally significant in
we commonly referred to as Black Box. While they do helping piece together the reason of a plane crash , as seen
nothing to help the plane when it is in the air, both these by the innovation of the black box in the Mexico on 4th
pieces of equipment are vitally important should the plane November, 2008. The first demonstration unit was formed
crash, as they help crash investigators to find what in 1957, but it was not until 1960, after an unsolved plane
happened just before the crash[2] .Often for example crashed in Queensland, that Australia became the initial
when a plane crash in the sea, as happened with 1985 country in the world to construct the black box compulsory
bombing of Air India flight 182 by Sikh terrorists over the for all commercial aircraft
Atlantic Ocean. Cockpit voice recorder: The main
purpose of Cockpit voice recorder is unsurprisingly to
record what the crew say and monitor any sounds that III. METHODOLOGY
occur within the cockpit. While researchers are keen to
pick upon sounds such as engine noise, emergency pings Taking into account the current system parameters like
Altitude, Pressure, Direction, G-force are obtained by

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All Rights Reserved © 2016 IJARECE
 ISSN: 2278 – 909X
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE)
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2016
means of Global Positioning System (GPS) installed in read-only memory (ROM) or field programmable
aircraft but due to signalling fault and transmission delay EEPROM for program storage, some with provision for
in signal these parameters lags and sometimes fake erasing memory .All existing models use Flash memory for
parameters are recorded so we are developing an program storage .Program memory and data memory is
embedded system which is independent of Global separated. It is 8-bit, 16-bit and in newest models, 32-bit
Positioning System. Methodology used for project is cycle wide. Program instructions vary in bit count by family of
scan method in which working is split into several parts. PIC. PIC18FX52 devices have two times the Flash program
First microcontrollers calibrate the sensor then gather data memory and data RAM of PIC18F452 device (32 Kbytes
from all sensors and process it as per program (ex. Find and 1536 bytes). The PIC18F458 devices include
altitude by measuring pressure). Then this data gets stored characteristic that allows the system clock source to be
in inside EEPROM of microcontroller and show on LCD, switched from the central oscillator to an alternating
then at the end transmitted over 2.4GHz ISM band with low-frequency clock source. Only PIC18F4X8 devices
the help of CC2500 Trans-Receiver in the direction of the implement the improved CCP module, analog comparators
base station. This process is in cycle. as well as the Parallel Slave Port. It is having a capacity of
High current sink/source 25 mA/25mA, There are three
external interrupt pins, Low-power, high speed Enhanced
Flash technology, There are Four Timer modules (Timer0 to
IV. ARCHITECTURE Timer3), 10-bit, up to 13-channel Analog-to-Digital
Converter module (A/D) with Programmable Acquisition
Time, Two External Clock modes, up to 48 MHz,
Programmable Brown-out Reset (BOR) and Wide
operating voltage range (2.0V to 5.5V)

D. CC2500 transceiver
This RF module can be used for applications that need two
way or Multiway wireless data transmission. It features
Multi master and Multi slave and reliable transmission,
small size and best range in its class protocol is self
controlled & entirely transparent to user interface. The unit
can be embedded to your current design so that wireless
communication can be set up easily for wireless data
transmission. It supports adjustable data rate with reliable
transmission distance. The CC2500 is a low cost 2.4GHz
transceiver designed for very low power wireless
applications. The circuit is anticipated for the 2400-2483.5
MHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical).The Rf
transceiver is integrated with a highly configurable modem.

E. Direction Sensor(GY-273 HMC5883L)

A. System architecture. Gyroscope is spinning wheel or disc wherein the axis of
The proposed system consists of Direction, G force, rotation is free to suppose any orientation. When rotating,
Altitude/Pressure sensor, CC2500 trans-receiver,PIC the orientation of axis is unaffected by tilting or rotation of
microcontroller, LCD. mounting according to the conservation of angular
movement. Because of this, gyroscope are useful for
measuring or maintaining orientation. It works on 3v-5v
B. Operation having range from 1.3-8gauss. The middle of gravity of the
The block diagram consists of various sensors which are rotar can be in set position. The rotar simultaneously spins
constantly sensing various parameters and providing input to about one axis and is capable of oscillating about the other
inbuilt ADC of PIC micro-controller. The ADC translate that two axis and thus except for its inherent opposition due to
analog data into the digital data and sends that data to the rotar spin, it is free to turn in any direction about the fixed
receiving part. The 16*2 LCD is used to display data point.
constantly and which is also used for indication.
F. Pressure Sensor (BMP180)
This module can measure the air pressure and temperature
C. Microcontroller (PIC18F452) of the current environment, and then you can translate this
It is heart of our project. This is used different application signal to information of altitude. The BMP180 is the
such as automatically controlled products, remote controls, function compatible successor of BMP085. The ultra-low
printer, office equipment, appliances, toys and other power small voltage electronics, superior performance of
embedded systems. In the early hours models of PIC had the BMP180 is optimized for used in wearable tools mobile

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All Rights Reserved © 2016 IJARECE
 ISSN: 2278 – 909X
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE)
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2016
phones, PDAs, GPS map-reading devices and outdoor [5] K.Kavi and M.Aborizka “Glass-box:An intelligent flight data recorder
and real-time monitoring systems”, Proc.of the 39th AlAA Aerospace
equipment. The BMP180 offers a pressure measuring range
Sciences Meeting.
of 300-1100 hPa with an precision down to 0.02hPa in
advance resolution mode. The chip only accepts 1.8v to [6] B. Bible, “Beyond the Blackbox : The forensics of Airplane Crashes”.
3.6v input voltage.
[7] H.Freeman, “Software Testing” ,Instrumentation & Measurement
Magazine, IEEE ,vol5,pp 48-50
G. Accelerometer (ADXL335)
[8] T.kK.Kowalick, “Black Boxes:Event Data Recorder Rulemaking for
The ADXL335 is a small, thin low power, complete-3 axis automobiles”,MICAH, summer
accelerometer with single conditioned voltage outputs. It
works on 1.8v to 3.6v. The product measures acceleration [9] M.A. Mazidi, J.C. Mazidi, R.D.Mckinaly, the Microcontroller and
Embedded system
with a minimum full-scale range of +3 or -3g. It can
compute the static acceleration of gravity in tilt-sensing [10] http://www.airbagcrash.com (General Motor Event Data Recorder)
applications, as well as dynamic acceleration resulting
from movement, shock, or vibration. The user selects the
bandwidth of accelerometer using the CX, CY & CZ ABOUT AUTHOR
capacitors at XOUT, YOUT and ZOUT pins. Bandwidth
can be selected to suit the application, with a range of [1] Prof. Mangesh Nikam , Sandip Foundation’s S.I.E.M.,
0.5Hz to 1600Hz for the X and Y axis and a range of Nashik
0.5Hz to 550Hz for the Z axis.
[2] Priyanka kadam , Sandip Foundation’s S.I.E.M.,
Nashik
H. Power Supply
The power supply is important for any electronic circuits, [3]. Kaveri Vakte, Sandip Foundation’s S.I.E.M.,
which provides the required power to microcontroller and Nashik
other electronics devices, which provide the required power
to the PIC18F452 and other ele ctronics devices. For this [4] Hemangi Bhalerao, Sandip Foundation’s S.I.E.M.,
system we are using +5v power supply for LCD and all Nashik
different sensor which are used by us Also we required 3.3 v
power supply for ADXL335.

I. LCD Display
The term liquid crystal is used to demonstrate a substance in
a state between liquid & solid but which exhibit the
properties of both. Molecules in liquid crystal tend to
arrange themselves until they all point in the same specific
direction. It is a 14 pin device working on +5v supply.

V. CONCLUSION
Thus we are developing an embedded system for
transmission of data from aircraft black box to control
station by using CC2500 wireless transreceiver instead of
using GPS to avoid signalling problem. In air craft
altitude, direction, air pressure, G-force are logged to an
memory device for any flight investigation. In current
system these parameters are obtained by GPS installed in
aircraft but due to signalling error propagation delay in
signal these parameters lags sometimes false parameters
get recorded. We are developing an embedded system
which measures store broadcast this parameters digitally
in real time.
.
REFERENCES
[1] P.J Schroeder and B. Korel, “Black box test reduction using
input-output analysis ,” proceeding of the 2000 C SIGSOFT.

[2] A. Asi B. Chang, and I. Khan,” Black Box System Design” ,

December 2010.

[3] A Brief History of Black Boxes,Time Magazine, July 20,2009

[4] K. Kavi “Beyond the black box”.

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