CHAPTER7

STIRRUPS &
LATERAL TIES

101 | R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e
 For 3m length For 5m length
Fy.i Fy.j Fy.i Fy.j
2nd Floor -116.058 -180.705 119.6972 -158.328
3rd Floor -92.8214 -157.002 118.8608 -151.802
4th Floor -43.3879 -107.372 118.9183 -136.364
Roof deck 30.836 -47.7588 83.6707 -87.2842

For lengths 3m

2ND FLOOR
0.66√f ′ c bw d = 0.66 √28 (295) (407.5)
b = 295 mm d = 407.5 mm = 419829.14 N = 419.83 kN> Vs (OK!)
f’c = 28 MPa fy= 230 MPa
𝜋
Av = 2Ab = 4 (10)2 (2)
Av = 50 𝜋 mm2
Use 10 mm Ø RSB
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 50𝜋 (230)(407.5)
Solution: S= =
Vs 115340 N
S = 127.64 mm “say” 120 mm

For maximum spacing,

0.33√𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.33√28(295)(407.5)
= 209.91 kN> VS

d 407.5
So, 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2 = 2
= 203.75 𝑜𝑟 600mm

180.705 − 116.058 Vu − 116.058 Therefore, use s = 120 mm

=
3 3 − (0.4075 + 0.2)
@ d+200
Vu = 167.61 kN 407.5+200 = 607.5 mm ≈ 610mm

0.61
VC = 0.17𝜆√f ′ c bd N= = 5 stirrups @ 120mm
0.12
Vc = 0.17 (1) √28 (295) (407.5)
Vc = 108137 N = 108.14 kN 5 @ 120 mm
forward,
ØVc = 0.75 (108.14)
ØVc = 81.11 kN< Vu 2 @ 120mm = 240 mm

STIRRUPS ARE NECESSARY @ 0.9m

Vu
Vs = − Vc 180.705 − 116.058 Vu − 116.058
ϕ =
VS =
167.61
− 108.14= 115.34 kN 3 3 − (0.9)
0.75

Vu = 161.31 kN
(verify if the section is adequate to
carry the shear)

102 | R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e
 = 0.17𝜆√f ′ c bd 3RD FLOOR
VC
Vc = 0.17 (1) √28 (295) (407.5) b = 285 mm d = 402.5 mm
Vc = 108137 N = 108.14 kN f’c = 28 MPa fy= 230 MPa

ØVc = 0.75 (108.14) Use 10 mm Ø RSB

ØVc = 81.11 kN< Vu
Solution:
STIRRUPS ARE NECESSARY

Vu
Vs = − Vc
ϕ
161.31
VS = 0.75 − 108.14 = 106.94 kN

(verify if the section is adequate to

carry the shear)

157.002 − 92.8214 Vu − 92.8214

0.66√f ′ c bw d = 0.66 √28 (295) (407.5) =
= 419829.14 N = 419.83 3 3 − (0.4025 + 0.2)
kN> Vs (OK!)
𝜋
Av = 2Ab = 4 (10)2 (2) Vu = 144.11 kN
Av = 50 𝜋 mm2
VC = 0.17𝜆√f ′ c bd
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 50𝜋 (230)(407.5) Vc = 0.17 (1) √28 (285) (402.5)
S= = Vc = 103190.25 N = 103.19 kN
Vs 106940 N
S = 137.67 mm “say” 130 mm
ØVc = 0.75 (103.19)
ØVc = 77.39 kN< Vu
For maximum spacing,
STIRRUPS ARE NECESSARY

0.33√𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.33√28(295)(407.5) Vu
Vs = − Vc
= 209.91 kN> VS ϕ
144.11
VS = 0.75 − 103.19 = 88.96 kN
d 407.5
So, 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2 = 2
= 203.75 𝑜𝑟 600mm (verify if the section is adequate to
carry the shear)
Therefore, use s = 130 mm
So, 4 @ 130 mm = 520 mm 0.66√f ′ c bw d = 0.66 √28 (285) (402.5)
=400620.99 N = 400.62 kN> Vs
TOTAL (OK!)
SPACING LENGTH DISTANCE
𝜋
FROM SUPPORT Av = 2Ab = 4 (10)2 (2)
7 @ 120mm 840 mm 840 mm Av = 50 𝜋 mm2
4 @ 130mm 520mm 1360 mm
Rest@140mm 𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 50𝜋 (230)(402.5)
S= =
Vs 88960 N
S = 163.46 mm “say” 130 mm

103 | R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e
For maximum spacing, 𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 50𝜋 (230)(402.5)
S= =
Vs 80480 N
S = 180.67 mm “say” 140 mm
0.33√𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.33√28(285)(402.5)
= 200.31 kN> VS For maximum spacing,

d 402.5
So, 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 201.25 𝑜𝑟 600 mm 0.33√𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.33√28(285)(402.5)
2 2

= 200.31 kN> VS
Therefore, use s = 130 mm
d 402.5
So, 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2 = = 201.25 𝑜𝑟 600mm
@ d+200 2

402.5+200 = 602.5 ≈ 610mm Therefore, use s = 140 mm

0.61
N= = 4 stirrups @ 130 mm So, 5 @ 140 mm
0.13

1 @ 90mm & 4 @ 130 mm TOTAL DISTANCE

SPACING LENGTH FROM SUPPORT
forward, 1 @ 90 mm 90mm 90mm
6 @ 130 mm 520mm 610 mm
2 @ 130 mm = 260 mm 5 @ 140 mm 700 mm 1310 mm
Rest
@ 0.9m
@150mm
157.002 − 92.8214 Vu − 92.8214
= 4TH FLOOR
3 3 − (0.9)
Vu = 137.75 kN
b = 255 mm d = 367.5 mm
f’c = 28 MPa fy= 230 MPa
VC = 0.17𝜆√f ′ c bd
Vc = 0.17 (1) √28 (285) (402.5) Use 10 mm Ø RSB
Vc = 103190.25 N = 103.19 kN Solution:

ØVc = 0.75 (103.19)

ØVc = 77.39 kN< Vu

STIRRUPS ARE NECESSARY

Vu
Vs = − Vc
ϕ
137.75
VS = 0.75 − 103.19 = 80.48 kN

(verify if the section is adequate to

carry the shear) 107.372 − 43.3879 Vu − 43.3879
=
3 3 − (0.3675 + 0.2)
0.66√f ′ c bw d = 0.66 √28 (285) (402.5)
Vu = 95.27 kN
= 400620.99 N = 400.62 kN> Vs
(OK!)
VC = 0.17𝜆√f ′ c bd
𝜋
Av = 2Ab = 4 (10)2 (2) Vc = 0.17 (1) √28 (255) (367.5)
Vc = 84299.59 = 84.30 kN
Av = 50 𝜋 mm2

104 | R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e
ØVc = 0.75 (84.30) Solution:
ØVc = 63.23 kN< Vu

STIRRUPS ARE NECESSARY

Vu
Vs = − Vc
ϕ
95.27
VS = − 84.30 = 42.73 kN
0.75

(verify if the section is adequate to

carry the shear)
47.7588 30.836
0.66√f ′ c bw d = 0.66 √28 (255) (367.5) =
𝑥 3−𝑥
= 327280.76N = 327.28 kN> Vs
(OK!) x = 1.82
𝜋
Av = 2Ab = 4 (10)2 (2)
Av = 50 𝜋 mm2 47.7588 𝑉𝑢
=
1.82 1.82 − (0.3125 + 0.2)
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 50𝜋 (230)(367.5) Vu = 34.31 kN
S= =
Vs 42730 N
S = 310.72 mm ≈ 300 mm VC = 0.17𝜆√f ′ c bd
Vc = 0.17 (1) √28 (205) (312.5)
For maximum spacing,
Vc = 57627.77 N = 57.63 kN

0.33√𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.33√28(255)(367.5) ØVc = 0.75 (57.63)

ØVc = 43.22 kN> Vu
= 163.64 kN> VS

d 367.5 but,
So, 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 183.75 ≈ 1 1
ØVc = 2 (43.22) = 21.61 kN
2 2
2
200 mm 𝑜𝑟 600 mm
then,
Therefore, use s = 200 mm 1
Vu >2ØVc
TOTAL
𝑑 312.5
SPACING LENGTH DISTANCE s= 2
= 2
= 156.25 mm “say” 120 mm
FROM SUPPORT
Rest@200mm Solving for minimum area of stirrup:

𝑏𝑤 𝑠
ROOF DECK Av = 3 𝑓𝑦
205 (120)
b = 205 mm d = 312.5 mm Av= 3 (230)
= 35.65 mm2
f’c = 28 MPa fy= 230 MPa
Therefore, use s = 120 mm
Use 10 mm Ø RSB
TOTAL DISTANCE
SPACING LENGTH
FROM SUPPORT
Rest @120mm

105 | R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e
 For lengths 5m

2ND FLOOR = 419829.14 N = 419.83

kN> Vs (OK!)
b = 295 mm d = 407.5 mm
𝜋
f’c = 28 MPa fy= 230 MPa Av = 2Ab = 4 (10)2 (2)
Av = 50 𝜋 mm2
Use 10 mm Ø RSB
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 50𝜋 (230)(407.5)
Solution: S= =
Vs 57970 N
S = 253.96 mm “say” 250 mm

For maximum spacing,

0.33√𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.33√28(295)(407.5)
= 209.91 kN> VS

d 407.5
So, 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 203.75 ≈
2 2
200 mm 𝑜𝑟 600mm

Therefore, use s = 200 mm

158.328 119.6972 TOTAL

= DISTANCE
𝑥 5−𝑥 SPACING LENGTH
FROM
x = 2.85 SUPPORT
Rest @200mm
158.328 Vu
= 3RD FLOOR
2.85 2.85 − (0.4075 + 0.2)
Vu = 124.58 kN
b = 285 mm d = 407.5 mm
f’c = 28 MPa fy= 230 MPa
VC = 0.17𝜆√f ′ c bd
Vc = 0.17 (1) √28 (295) (407.5)
Use 10 mm Ø RSB
Vc = 108137.81 N = 108.14 kN
Solution:
ØVc = 0.75 (108.14)
ØVc = 81.11 kN< Vu

STIRRUPS ARE NECESSARY

Vu
Vs = − Vc
ϕ
124.58
VS = 0.75 − 108.14 = 57.97 kN

(verify if the section is adequate to

carry the shear)

0.66√f ′ c bw d = 0.66 √28 (295) (407.5)

106 | R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e
151.802 118.8608 Therefore, use s = 200 mm
=
𝑥 5−𝑥
x = 2.80 TOTAL DISTANCE
151.802 Vu SPACING LENGTH FROM SUPPORT
=
2.80 2.80 − (0.4075 + 0.2)
Vu = 118.87 kN Rest@200mm

VC = 0.17𝜆√f ′ c bd
Vc = 0.17 (1) √28 (285) (407.5)
Vc = 104472.12 N = 104.47 kN 4TH FLOOR

ØVc = 0.75 (104.47) b = 255 mm d = 367.5 mm

ØVc = 78.35 kN< Vu f’c = 28 MPa fy= 230 MPa

STIRRUPS ARE NECESSARY Use 10 mm Ø RSB

Vu Solution:
Vs = − Vc
ϕ
118.87
VS = − 104.47 = 54.02 kN
0.75

(verify if the section is adequate to

carry the shear)

0.66√f ′ c bw d = 0.66 √28 (285) (407.5)

= 405597.64 N = 405.60
kN> Vs (OK!)
𝜋
Av = 2Ab = 4 (10)2 (2)
136.364 118.9183
Av = 50 𝜋 mm2 =
𝑥 5−𝑥
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 50𝜋 (230)(407.5)
S= = x = 3.07
Vs 54020 N
S = 272.53 mm “say” 250 mm 118.9183 Vu
=
3.07 3.07 − (0.3675 + 0.2)
For maximum spacing, Vu = 96.94 kN

VC = 0.17𝜆√f ′ c bd
0.33√𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.33√28(285)(407.5)
Vc = 0.17 (1) √28 (255) (367.5)
= 202.80 kN> VS Vc = 84299.59 N = 84.30 kN

d 407.5
So, 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2 = 2 = 203.75 ≈ ØVc = 0.75 (84.30)
200 mm 𝑜𝑟 600 mm ØVc = 63.23 kN< Vu

STIRRUPS ARE NECESSARY

Vu
Vs = − Vc
ϕ
96.94
VS = − 84.30 = 44.95 kN
0.75
(verify if the section is adequate to
carry the shear)

107 | R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e
 87.2842 𝑉𝑢
0.66√f ′ c bw d = 0.66 √28 (255) (367.5) =
= 327280.76 N = 327.28 kN> Vs (OK!) 2.92 2.92 − (0.3125 + 0.2)
Vu = 71.96 kN
𝜋
Av = 2Ab = (10)2 (2)
4
Av = 50 𝜋 mm2 VC = 0.17𝜆√f ′ c bd
Vc = 0.17 (1) √28 (205) (312.5)
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 50𝜋 (230)(367.5) Vc = 57627.77 N = 57.63 kN
S= =
Vs 44950 N
ØVc = 0.75 (57.63)
S = 295.38 mm “say” 250 mm ØVc = 43.22 kN< Vu

For maximum spacing, STIRRUPS ARE NECESSARY

0.33√𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.33√28(255)(367.5) Vu
Vs = − Vc
= 163.64 kN> VS ϕ
71.96
VS = 0.75 − 57.63 = 38.32 kN
d 367.5
So, 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2 = 2 = 183.75 ≈
200 mm 𝑜𝑟 600 mm (verify if the section is adequate to
carry the shear)
Therefore, use s = 200 mm
0.66√f ′ c bw d = 0.66 √28 (205) (312.5)
TOTAL = 223731.35 N = 223.73
SPACING LENGTH DISTANCE kN> Vs (OK!)
FROM SUPPORT
Rest@200mm 𝜋
Av = 2Ab = (10)2 (2)
4
Av = 50 𝜋 mm2
ROOF DECK
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 50𝜋 (230)(312.5)
b = 205 mm d = 312.5 mm S=
Vs
=
38320 N
f’c = 28 MPa fy= 230 MPa
S = 294.63 mm ≈ 250 mm
Use 10 mm Ø RSB

Solution: For maximum spacing,

0.33√𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.33√28(205)(312.5)
= 111.87 kN> VS

d 312.5
So, 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2 = 2 = 156.25 ≈
150 mm 𝑜𝑟 600 mm

Therefore, use s = 150 mm

87.2842 83.6707 TOTAL DISTANCE

= SPACING LENGTH FROM SUPPORT
𝑥 5−𝑥
Rest @150mm
x = 2.92

108 | R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e
LATERAL TIES

Spacing of ties:

a) 16 x db = 16(25) = 400 mm

b) 48 x tie diameter= 48(10) = 480 mm

c) Least dimension of column = 400 mm

use 10mm ties at 400 o.c.

SPACING LENGTH TOTAL

DISTANCE
FROM
SUPPORT
5 @50mm 250mm 250mm
5@100mm 500mm 750mm
3@150mm 450mm 1200mm
Rest @
400mm

Based on the results, use this spacing for stirrups from the following lengths:

For 3 m length:
TOTAL DISTANCE
SPACING LENGTH
FROM SUPPORT
1 @ 90 mm 90mm 90mm
6 @ 130 mm 520mm 610 mm
5 @ 140 mm 700 mm 1310 mm
Rest @150mm

For 5 m length:

TOTAL DISTANCE
SPACING LENGTH FROM SUPPORT
All stirrups
@200mm

109 | R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e