International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169

Volume: X Issue: Y xxxx - yyyy

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Estimation of Road Roughness Condition and Ghat Complexity Analysis Using
Smartphone Sensors

Vishal S. Shelke
Tanmay D. Kalbhor
Department of Computer Engineering
Department of Computer Engineering
Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering Lavale
Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering Lavale
Pune, India
Pune, India
Itsvishal.shelke@gmail.com
11tanmay96@gmail.com

Seema S. Khanekar Bhagyashri R. Shitole

Department of Computer Engineering
Department of Computer Engineering
Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering Lavale
Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering Lavale
Pune, India
Pune, India
Bhagyashitole7274@gmail.com
Seemakhanekar95@gmail.com

Prof. Yogesh V. Kadam

Department of Computer Engineering
Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering Lavale
Pune, India
Kadam.yogesh3@gmail.com

Abstract - Our system works on producing the result sets which shows the road conditions and ghat complexity during traveling.
We all use map but it does not show pot holes and bumps in the road. Our system analyse the data through the sensors of mobile
phone such as sensors like accelerometer, orientation sensor and magnetometer to analyse the ghat complexity and roads quality
we use the GPS system of an android phone.

Keywords - Road Bump logic detection, Ghat Complexity, Magnetometer, Vehicle axis
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I. INTRODUCTION path and our system will show the good quality road for
convenient travel.
Collecting the data from the Android phone is a very Finding the roughness of road is consistently
easy task and it took the very low cost. Nowadays many recognized as a most important asset of measuring road
people use smartphones so it is very easy to install the system condition through the world. Road survey is very costlier and
on smartphones and collection of data. People easily can it will take too much time so our system will reduce the cost of
mount their smartphone on the dashboard of a car. Our aim is the survey and time. It also helps to the government to find out
to find potholes and bumps in the road, so the GPS system which roads are in bad conditions so that they can reconstruct
plays the major role in our system which detects the position it as soon as possible.
of bumps and potholes in the road.
The developed system is a client-server system. There II. WORKING OF SYSTEM
are two types of clients, one is admin and second is a mobile There are two types of the client first is admin which
user. Admin will collect the data then it will be sent to the collect the data from different roads and second smartphone
server where using divide and conquer algorithm data will be users who request to the server for knowing the which is the
clustered and the final standard deviation is considered as a best route for traveling and which road has the best quality for
bump and pothole in the road. The smartphone user installs the traveling. The system will provide the shortest path with
system on the Android phone when a user wants to travel one minimum bumps and potholes in the road. Our system will
place to another place user can use our system to navigate the save the time reaching from the source to destination.

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IJRITCC | Month 2015, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: X Issue: Y xxxx - yyyy
______________________________________________________________________________________
The admin has the smartphone which is mounted on a 2. Different routes will be show in different colors.
dashboard of the car. The accelerometer has x, y, z-axis where
3. Alternative routes will be displayed on the application.
the y-axis is used for running direction of a car, the z-axis is
used for vertical direction. The vibration of the car says that 3. Standalone HTTP Server
the road is in good condition or not. The z-axis gets the
The proposed system consists of apache tomcat server
reading from that vibration and sends that data to the server.
The GPS sensor gets that reading with longitude and latitude which is design for following task.
for showing where the actual bump and pothole is located.
 Txt file will be fetch from admin android app.
When the ghat starts the Y-axis count the number of turns on
the road and also the how complex is that turn is counted by y-  Perform Analysis on text file according to the road bump
axis. On the basis of that complexity, we will decide the how
complex is that ghat. All the reading are collected by that logic.
smartphone and it will send to the server, where using the
divide and conquer algorithm the data will get separated. In
the algorithm, we used mean and standard deviation.

III. ARCHITECTURE OF SYSTEM

The system utilizes the GPS system of the phone and also Figure 2. X-axis values of Accelerometer
sensors like accelerometer and orientation sensor. This sensor
used to collect the data and we can upload it to the central
server so that every smartphone user can access it while
traveling.

Figure 3. Y-axis values of Accelerometer

Figure 4. Z-axis values of Accelerometer

 As per the users location it will provide the road details.

 Add results in to database user to notify on which location
Figure 1. Architecture Diagram Road Roughness Condition and Ghat
Complexity Analysis have bumps and find complexity of the ghat.

1. Admin android App IV. PROPOSED METHOD

1. Collect the data from road using accelerometer sensor
Algorithm Used:
for finding bumps.
2. Created .txt files will upload to the server A. Road Bump Detection Logic
3. Magnetometer will count the number of turns in the
ghat.
4. If the road is in bad condition, the alternative route
will show on the user application.

2. User Android App

1. The required time from source to destination will be
Figure 5. Logic of Bump Detection
displayed on user application.
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IJRITCC | Month 2015, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: X Issue: Y xxxx - yyyy
______________________________________________________________________________________
The road bump detection logic is designed as follows.

Condition 1: Y-axis is used as running direction of vehical. Z- V. STANDERD DEVIATION

axis is used as vertical direction. 50[ms] is large Standard
Deviation.

Condition 2: The above sections are appeared with

wheelbase time.
Here, each variable is defined as follows. A recording order
number is defined ‘i’. An acceleration data are defined X(i),
Y(i), Z(i) for each axis. For Y-axis or running direction and Z-
axis or vertical direction 50[ms] standard deviation is defined
SDy(i), SDz(i). For the condition 1, simultaneity index is
defined SDyz(i), and it is calculated by equation 1.
B. GHATS COMPLEXITY
SDyz(i) = SDy(i) * SDz(i) --------------------- (equation 1)
By using the magnetometer we find the number of turns and
Cycle number of wheelbase time is defined Nw. For the
the intensity of the turn. If the number of turns is more and
condition 2, Bump Index is defined
Byz(i), and it is calculated by equation 2. have high turn intensity then that ghat have more complexity.
Algorithm Used:
Byz(i) = SDyz(i) * SDyz(i + Nw) -------------(equation 2)
Location Based Distance Calculation
Nw is related with vehicle speed. Vehicle speed is defined
This uses the ‘haversine’ formula to calculate the circle
V[m/s]. Vheelbase is defined Lw[m].Recording cycle is
defined H[Hz]. Nw is calculated by equation 3. distance between two points that is, the shortest distance over
the earth’s surface – giving an ‘as-the-crow-flies’ distance
Nw = (Lw/V) * H ----------------------------- (equation 3)
between the points.
a=sin²(Δφ/2)+cos(φ1).cos(φ2).sin²(Δλ/)
Harversine
EXPERIMENT RESULT: c = 2.atan2(a, √(1−a))
formula: d = R.c
This logic is applied to data. The 50[ms] standard deviation of
Z-axis acceleration or vertical direction SDz(i) is drawn in Fig. φ is latitude, λ is longitude, R is earth’s
Where
Simultaneity index SDyz(i) is drawn in Fig. Bump index radius (mean radius = 6,371km)
Byz(i) is drawn below:
note that angles need to be in radians to pass
to trig functions!

Road Evaluation at Server side

The server gets data from a smartphone. By using the divide
and conquer algorithm the data will get clustered and by using
mean and standard deviation we will find the correct location
of the pothole and bump by using longitude and latitude
recorded by GPS.

Data available to the other users

If any new user wants to travel from one place to another
place. If the route is unknown for the user then any user can
share the route of that particular route. So here we can share
the different routes to others and make data useful for
Figure 6. Experimental Results of Accelerometer everyone.

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IJRITCC | Month 2015, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: X Issue: Y xxxx - yyyy
______________________________________________________________________________________
IV. CONCLUSION [3] Viengnam Douangphachanh, Hiroyuki Oneyama "Formulation
of a Simple Model to Estimate Road Surface Roughness
Road Roughness Condition and Ghat Complexity Analysis Condition from Android Smartphone Sensors."2014 IEEE Ninth
system helpful for finding the routes where have a minimum International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor
bump and pothole in the road which google map does not Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP) Symposium on
show. It will reduce the road accident if any new user travels Human-Centric Sensing and Social Networks Singapore, 21–24
in the new place. The data is saved on a remote server so every April 2014.
smartphone users can access it and data will be available for
every smartphone user. [4] Juan C. Tudón-Martínez, Soheib Fergani, Olivier Sename, John
Jairo Martinez,Ruben Morales-Menendez, and Luc
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