International Conference on Emanations in Mordern Engineering Science & Management ( ICEMESM-2018 )

RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

PIC MICROCONTROLLER BASED 3

PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR PROTECTION
SYSTEM
Nitin Wadhai1 ,Gulshan patle2 ,Saiyed Tausif Ali3

1) Student of Madhukarrao Pandav College of Electrical(E&P) Engineering, MPCE Bhandara, 441904(MH) (Email:-
nitinwadhai23@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT:
This paper include a protection system for 3-phase induction motors from single-phasing, voltage variations ,current variations, speed
variations ,over temperature and vibration faults. A model was proposed, which can help to determine the impact of single phasing on any 3-
phase induction motor. Due to single phasing fault the winding of motor get heated which lead to insulation failure and hence reduce the life
of motor. Due to variation in induction motor parameters the above faults are generate in induction motor. The latter, in additional to
protection against single-phasing, also protects the motor from under-voltage, over-voltage and over temperature. In the hardware circuit is
completely controlled by the PIC microcontroller (16F877A) and observing the voltages of three phase. Motor will turn off if the voltage
goes beyond the rated limit. By use of current transformer which senses the current and if it exceeds rated limit then with the help
microcontroller contactor stop the motor. The LCD display shows all the above conditions if any fault occures. In this paper we are utilizing
the 8 bit PIC microcontroller (16F877A).

keywords. Three phase induction motor, PIC microcontroller, Single phasing , voltage variations, current variations, over
temperatures, speed variation, vibration.

I.INTRODUCTION
machine into different fault situations. The main types of faults
experienced by these motors are single phasing, voltage variations,
One of the most important motors used in industrial applications is current variations, speed variations, over temperature and vibration.
Induction motor.In industries 3-phase induction motors are the most
common and frequently encountered machines. An
electromechanical device which converts electrical energy into a
mechanical energy called as electrical motor. Three phase induction A.Voltage Variations
motor as this type of motor does not require any starting device and Voltage, also called electromotive force, is a quantitative
they are self starting induction motor hence in case of three phase AC expression of the potential difference in charge between two
operation, most widely used . The operating condition may lead the points in an electrical field. The greater the voltage, the greater
the flow of electrical current (that is, the quantity of charge
carriers that pass a fixed point per unit of time) through a
conducting or semiconducting medium for a given resistance to
the flow. Voltage is symbolized by an uppercase italic
letter V or E. The standard unit is the volt, symbolized by a non-
italic uppercase letter V. One volt will drive one coulomb (6.24 x
1018) charge carriers, such as electrons, through a resistance of
one ohm in one second. Commonly occurring power line
problems because of Under voltage and over voltage supply
conditions. When voltage on the induction motor decreases then

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International Conference on Emanations in Mordern Engineering Science & Management ( ICEMESM-2018 )
the Efficiency of induction motor decreases even though all the
three phases is balanced.
B. Over Temperature percentage balanced over voltage exceeds 25%. Hence it is
Heat dissipation in the stator and rotor is increased if the suggested to operate the motor within 10% of balanced
current drawn by the motor is more, significantly when the over voltage.

C. Single phasing more. The heat dissipation is more than rated limit which will
damage the stator and rotor conductors of motor . Also there is
heavy pulsation in torque and speed. Therefore, in the developed
Single phasing condition influence the motor performance .The
protection system top priority is given to the protection of motor
currents are extremely high so that the conductors can be
during single phasing.
damaged due to the heavy current and hence losses are also

II. POWER SUPPLY

The ac voltage, typically 220V rms, is connected to a transformer,

which steps that ac voltage down to the level of the desired dc output.
A diode rectifier then provides a full-wave rectified voltage that is
initially filtered by a simple capacitor filter to produce a dc voltage.
This resulting dc voltage usually has some ripple or ac voltage
variation.
A regulator circuit removes the ripples and also remains the same dc
value even if the input dc voltage varies. This voltage regulation is
usually obtained using one of the popular voltage regulator IC units.

Fig. 1 Schematic Diagram(Power Supply)

current or voltage is below the minimum value or exceeds the

III.BLOCK DIAGRAM maximum value then the motor will be tripped through relay
contactor.
This is an advance system where we have used a the PIC
microcontroller which are continuously monitor the voltage, current,
The three phase autotransformer is used to supply the required
temperature and speed of motor.Also, when the voltage or current
voltage to run the 3 phase motor.The 3 phase voltage measurement
value is near to the maximum value then the user will get intimation
circuit and current measurement circuit is used to measure the
that now the voltage or current is going to exceed the maximum set
minimum and maximum current and voltage values. These values are
value.
converted into digital and given to microcontroller. As per the set
values of voltage and current set by the user, microcontroller will
check for the minimum and maximum values and if the value or

Fig.2 Block Diagram Protection System

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International Conference on Emanations in Mordern Engineering Science & Management ( ICEMESM-2018 )

IV. MICROCONTROLLER

Fig .3 Pic Microcontroller 16f877a

The PIC microcontroller PIC16f877a is one of the most renowned

microcontrollers in the industry. This controller is very convenient to Fig. 4 Pin Diagram
use, the coding or programming of this controller is also easier. One
of the main advantages is that it can be write-erase as many times as VI. LCD (Liquid crystal display)
possible because it use FLASH memory technology. It has a total
number of 40 pins and there are 33 pins for input and output.
PIC16F877A is used in many pic microcontroller projects.
PIC16F877A also have many application in digital electronics
circuits. This powerful (200 nanosecond instruction execution) yet
easy-to-program (only 35 single word instructions) CMOS FLASH-
based 8-bit microcontroller packs Microchip's powerful PIC®
architecture into an 40- or 44-pin package and is upwards compatible
with the PIC16C5X, PIC12CXXX and PIC16C7X devices. The
PIC16F877A features 256 bytes of EEPROM data memory, self
programming, an ICD, 2 Comparators, 8 channels of 10-bit Analog- Fig. 5 LCD (Liquid crystal display)
to-Digital (A/D) converter, 2 capture/compare/PWM functions, the
synchronous serial port can be configured as either 3-wire Serial Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) have materials which combine the
Peripheral Interface (SPI™) or the 2-wire Inter-Integrated Circuit properties of both liquids and crystals. Rather than having a melting
(I²C™) bus and a Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter point, they have a temperature range within which the molecules are
(USART). All of these features make it ideal for more advanced level almost as mobile as they would be in a liquid, but are grouped
A/D applications in automotive, industrial, appliances and consumer together in an ordered form similar to a crystal.An LCD consists of
applications. two glass panels, with the liquid crystal material sand witched in
between them. The inner surface of the glass plates are coated with
Additional Features transparent electrodes which define the character, symbols or patterns
to be displayed polymeric layers are present in between the
2 PWM 10-bit electrodes and the liquid crystal, which makes the liquid crystal
256 Bytes EEPROM data memory molecules to maintain a defined orientation angle. One each
LCD polarisers are pasted outside the two glass panels. These polarisers
25mA sink/source per I/O would rotate the light rays passing through them to a definite angle,
Self Programming in a particular directionWhen the LCD is in the off state, light rays
Parallel Slave Port are rotated by the two polarisers and the liquid crystal, such that the
light rays come out of the LCD without any orientation, and hence
the LCD appears transparent.
V. PIN DIAGRAM

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International Conference on Emanations in Mordern Engineering Science & Management ( ICEMESM-2018 )
When sufficient voltage is applied to the electrodes, the liquid crystal Hence when we run this project successfully worked and we found
molecules would be aligned in a specific direction. The light rays below output result when voltage of phase a is under the rated limit
passing through the LCD would be rotated by the polarisers, which the contactor open and trip the circuit instantly and LCD shows a
would result in activating / highlighting the desired characters.The fault which occurs in the system and protect the induction motor
LCD’s are lightweight with only a few millimeters thickness. Since from damaging.
the LCD’s consume less power, they are compatible with low power
electronic circuits, and can be powered for long durations.The LCD’s
don’t generate light and so light is needed to read the display. By
using backlighting, reading is possible in the dark. The LCD’s have
long life and a wide operating temperature range.Changing the
display size or the layout size is relatively simple which makes the
LCD’s more customer friendly.The LCDs used exclusively in
watches, calculators and measuring instruments are the simple seven-
segment displays, having a limited amount of numeric data. The
recent advances in technology have resulted in better legibility, more
information displaying capability and a wider temperature range.
These have resulted in the LCDs being extensively used in
telecommunications and entertainment electronics. The LCDs have
Fig. 6 Result
even started replacing the cathode ray tubes (CRTs) used for the
display of text and graphics, and also in small TV applications.
The power supply should be of +5V, with maximum allowable IX. CONCLUSION
transients of 10mv. To achieve a better / suitable contrast for the
display, the voltage (VL) at pin 3 should be adjusted properly.A Protection of three phase induction motor from voltage
module should not be inserted or removed from a live circuit. The variations ,current variations, single phasing, over temprature
ground terminal of the power supply must be isolated properly so that and vibration provide the smooth running of motor and
no voltage is induced in it. The module should be isolated from the improves its lifetime and efficiency. Generally these faults
other circuits, so that stray voltages are not induced, which could generated when supply system is contravene its rating. The
cause a flickering display. above faults are not generates if the three phase induction
motor runs at its rated speed and load.
VII. FUTURE SCOPE
For smooth running of motor regularly concentration on supply
voltage under the rated limit and load which is driven by the
The project we are developed is easily achieved. It can be enhanced
motor should also be under the limit of motor . Hence the
by using current sensors and phase sequence sensor.Once the
prototype model of PIC microcontroller based protection system
temperature comes to the normal condition, it will automatically
is very simple in design, reliable and economical and quick
come to normal operation of the motor.
response.

VIII. RESULT

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International Conference on Emanations in Mordern Engineering Science & Management ( ICEMESM-2018 )
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