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Tutorial 7 PDF

This document provides a tutorial on solving ordinary differential equations. It contains 14 problems: 1. Determine the order, degree, and whether linear or nonlinear for given differential equations. 2. Eliminate arbitrary constants to obtain the differential equation satisfied by given functions. 3. Consider the equation y' = cy and show properties of its solutions for different values of c. 4. Find real-valued C1 solutions to the differential equation xy' + y = x for x in (-1,1). 5. Discuss existence and uniqueness of solutions to initial value problems involving differential equations.

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Akhil Soni
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178 views

Tutorial 7 PDF

This document provides a tutorial on solving ordinary differential equations. It contains 14 problems: 1. Determine the order, degree, and whether linear or nonlinear for given differential equations. 2. Eliminate arbitrary constants to obtain the differential equation satisfied by given functions. 3. Consider the equation y' = cy and show properties of its solutions for different values of c. 4. Find real-valued C1 solutions to the differential equation xy' + y = x for x in (-1,1). 5. Discuss existence and uniqueness of solutions to initial value problems involving differential equations.

Uploaded by

Akhil Soni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MA 102 (Mathematics II)

Tutorial Sheet No. 7 Ordinary Differential Equations March 28, 2019

1. Determine the order and degree of the following differential equations. Also, state whether
they are linear or nonlinear.
d4 y dy 2 d2 y d2 y dy 12 d2 y

(a) dx    = 11y; (b) dx2 + x sin y = 0; (c) dx2 + y sin x = 0; (d) (1 + dx ) = x dx2 ;
4 + 19 dx
d6 y d4 y d3 y 3
d y 2
2d y
(e) dx6
+ dx4 dx3
+ y = x; (f ) x3 dx x
3 + x dx2 + y = e .

2. Eliminating the arbitrary constants c1 , c2 , obtain the differential equation satisfied by the
following functions.
(a) y = c1 e−x + c2 e2x ; (b) x2 + c1 y 2 = 1; (c) y = c1 x − c31 .

3. Consider the equation y 0 (x) = cy(x), 0 < x < ∞, where c is a real constant. Then
(a) Show that if φ is any solution and ψ(x) = φ(x)e−cx then ψ(x) is a constant.
(b) If c < 0, show that every solution tends to zero as x → ∞.
(c) If c > 0, prove that the magnitude of every non-trivial solution tends to ∞ as x → ∞.
(d) When c = 0, what can be said about the magnitude of the solution?

4. Find all real valued C 1 solutions y(x) of the differential equation xy 0 (x) + y(x) = x, x ∈
(−1, 1).

5. Discuss the existence and uniqueness of a solution of the following initial value problems (IVP)
in the region R : |x| ≤ 1 |y| ≤ 1.
dy dy p
(a) = 3y 2/3 , y(0) = 0; (b) = |y|, y(0) = 0;
dx dx
dy
(c) = x2 + y 2 , y(0) = 0.
dx
6. Show that the equation |y 0 (x)| + |y(x)| + 1 = 0 has no real solutions.

7. Find the particular solution of


(a) xy 0 + 3y = sin x
x2
, x 6= 0, y(π/2) = 1. 
0 2, 0 ≤ x < 1,
(b) y + y = f (x), y(0) = 0, where f (x) =
0, x ≥ 1.
y3
(c) x2 y 0 + xy = x
, y(1) = 1, x 6= 0.

8. Under what conditions, the following differential equations are exact?


(a) (ax + by)dx + (kx + ly)dy = 0; (b) [f (x) + g(y)]dx + [h(x) + l(y)]dy = 0;
(c) (x3 + xy 2 )dx + (ax2 y + bxy 2 )dy = 0.

9. Are the following equations exact? If exact, obtain the general solution.
(a) (2xy − sec2 x)dx + (x2 + 2y)dy = 0. (b) (x − 2xy + ey )dx + (y − x2 + xey )dy = 0.

10. In each case find an integrating factor and solve:


(a) y 0 − (2/x)y = x2 cos x, (b) ydx + (x2 y − x)dy = 0, (c) y(2x2 y 3 + 3)dx + x(x2 y 3 − 1)dy = 0

11. Show that if (Nx − My )/(xM − yM ) = g(xy) then the equationR M (x, y)dx
 + N (x, y)dy = 0
has an integrating factor of the form µ(xy), where µ(u) = exp g(u)du .
dy
12. Given that y1 (x) = x is a solution of = −y 2 + xy + 1, obtain the general solution.
dx
13. Find the value of n such that the curves xn + y n = c1 are the orthogonal trajectories of the
x
family y = , where c1 and c2 are arbitrary constants.
1 − c2 x
14. A point P is dragged along the xy plane by a string P T of length a. If T starts at the origin
and moves along the positive y axis, and if P starts at (a, 0), what is the path of P ?

***

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