International Journal of Engineering Research ISSN:2319-6890)(online),2347-5013(print)

Volume No.4, Issue No.10, pp : 542-544 01 Oct. 2015

Dual Tone Multiple Frequency Based Home Automation System

Shreya Ghosh, Subhasree Konar, Soumen Ghosh, Tanumay Ghosh , Suvojit Gope
Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering,
JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, Nadia,West Bengal, India
shreyaghosh022@gmail.com, subhasreek18@gmail.com, soumen22@gmail.com, tanumayld@gmail.com,
suvojitg12@gmail.com

Abstract: This paper presents the approach the design of individually. The underlying principle mainly relies upon the
home automation system using dual tone multiple frequency ability of DTMF ICs to generate DTMF corresponding to a
based home automation system. Today’s the demand for number or code in the number pad and to detect the same
better home security systems has drifted over to a need for number or code from its corresponding DTMF decoder. A
home automation. Not only does a home need to be secure but DTMF generator generates two frequencies corresponding to a
home appliances need a more refined control system. Home number or code in the number pad which will be transmitted
appliances should not be limited to only local control. There through the communication networks constituting the
needs to be a simple and elegant way to avoid this type of transmitter section which is simply equivalent to mobile set. [i].
situation and allow people the freedom of having complete
The application of this project is to switch on and off home
control of their house from anywhere. Using a mobile and
appliances by a cell phone. When we are not at home it may
help of microcontroller home appliances will be controlled.
happen that we do not remember whether the appliance is
Keywords: Mobile phone, DTMF decoder, microcontroller, switched on or off. So we can develop this project such that we
appliances. get the status of the appliances as a message on our cell phone
and hence take the required action. This can be done using gsm
I. Introduction module. It helps in effective control of home appliances and
increases power efficiency. It increases appliances lifetime and
Dual-tone multiple-frequency signalling (DTMF) is an in- also power efficiency. DTMF tones are mainly use in
band telecommunication signalling system using the voice- terrestrial stations for turning on and shutting off remote
frequency band over telephone lines between telephone transmitter .It is mainly use in telephone stations for detection
equipment and other communications devices and switching of called and dialled numbers. It also helps us to reduce
centres. DTMF system also known as touch-tone system. The electrical power wastage.
touch-tone system using a telephone keypad gradually replaced Dual tone multiple frequency keypad:
the use of rotary dial and has become the industry standard for
landline and mobile service. Other multi-frequency systems are The DTMF keypad is laid out in a 4×4 matrix, with each row
used for internal signalling within the telephone network .As representing a low frequency, and each column representing a
register signalling is used in DTMF phones here tones rather high frequency. Pressing a single key (such as '1' ) will send a
than make/break pulse are used for dialling and each dialled sinusoidal tone of superimposition of two frequencies (697 and
digit is uniquely represented by a pair of sine waves tones. 1209 hertz (Hz)). The original keypads had levers inside, so
These tones (one from low group and another from high group ) each button activated two contacts. The multiple tones are the
are sent to the exchange when a digit is dialled by pushing the reason for calling the system multi frequency. These tones are
key, these tone lies within the speech band of 300 to 3400 Hz then decoded by the switching center to determine which key
and are chosen so as to minimize the possibility of any valid was pressed. Present-day uses of the A, B, C and D signals on
frequency pair existing in normal speech simultaneously telephone networks are few, and are exclusive to network
.Actually this minimum stator is made possible by forming control. For example, the A key is used on some networks to
pairs with one tone from the higher group and the other from cycle through different carriers at will. The A, B, C and D tones
the lower group frequencies .A valid DTMF signal is the sum are used in radio phone patch and repeater operations to allow,
of two tones, one from a lower group(697-940 Hz) and the among other uses, control of the repeater while connected to an
other from a higher group (1209-1663 Hz).Each group contains active phone line. The *, #, A, B, C and D keys are still widely
four individual tones.This scheme allows 10 unique used worldwide by amateur radio operators and commercial
combinations. Ten of the codes represents digits 1 through 9 two-way radio systems for equipment control, repeater control,
and 0.Tones in DTMF dialling are so close that none of the remote-base operations and some telephone communications
tones is harmonic of the other tone .Therefore there is no systems. But nowadays in mobile handsets the A,B,C,D keys
change of distortion caused by harmonics. Each tone is sent as are not used usually [ii]. The DTMF tone frequencies are
long as the key is remained pressed. The DTMF signal contains shown in TABLE 1.
only one component from each of the high and low group. This
significantly simplifies decoding because the composite DTMF
signal may be separated with band pass filters into single
frequency component each of which may be handled
IJER@2015 Page 542
 International Journal of Engineering Research ISSN:2319-6890)(online),2347-5013(print)
Volume No.4, Issue No.10, pp : 542-544 01 Oct. 2015

TABLE 1 .DTMF TONE FREQUENCIES

1209Hz 1336Hz 1477Hz 1633Hz

697Hz 1 2 3 A

770Hz 4 5 6 B
852Hz 7 8 9 C
941Hz * 0 # D

II. Hardware Implementation

The system, through telephone network connects the user
home appliances at home and gives him/her the ability to
switch them ON or OFF. The schematic diagram of the project
is shown in Fig. 1.

Fig.2. Circuit diagram of the hardware

We can connect the relays with the ULN2003A Power supply

is a reference to a source of electrical power. A device or
system that supplies electrical or other types of energy to an
output load or group of loads is called a power supply unit or
PSU. The term is most commonly applied to electrical energy
supplies, less often to mechanical ones, and rarely to others.
Here in our application we need a 5v DC power supply for all
electronics involved in the project. This requires step down
Fig.1. Schematic block diagram transformer, rectifier, voltage regulator, and filter circuit for
generation of 5v DC power. The voltage regulator is a three pin
When the user dials the home telephone number the telephone IC used as a voltage regulator. It converts unregulated DC
at home rings and if nobody picks the call, then the system current into regulated DC current. The telephone line is hooked
picks up the call automatically. When we press any number on to another phone attached to the system. This will communicate
the phone keypad it generates a particular frequency, which is directly with the microcontroller through the CM8870 decoder
received by the other phone and then the code/number is which decodes all 16 DTMF tone pairs into a four bit code.
decoded by the DTMF decoder. Here the decoder decodes the Here we have used a nokia1100 phone as the receiver side
frequency of the tone generated by the particular code/number. phone which will be in auto answering mode. CM8870/70C is a
Then the decoded signal goes to the microcontroller. Here a Full DTMF receiver, uses less than 35mW power consumption,
program code is given to the microcontroller which is meant for uses quartz crystal or ceramic resonators, has adjustable
which code is assigned for which appliance. Suppose ,if acquisition and release times, works in Industrial temperature
number „1‟ is pressed then the fan will be on; if „2‟ is pressed range and is available in 18-pin dip,18-pindipeiaj,18-pinsoic.
fan will go off. At the output of the microcontroller the devices We will attach a 5V power supply to the decoder IC. The
are connected through ULN2003A.ULN2003A is a driver AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS eight bit
which drives the appliances based on the microcontroller microcomputer with 8K Flash bytes of Flash programmable
output. To drive any high voltage appliances the relays are and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is
used. The circuit diagram of this project is shown in Fig.2. manufactured using Atmel‟s high-density non-volatile memory
technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51

IJER@2015 Page 543

 International Journal of Engineering Research ISSN:2319-6890)(online),2347-5013(print)
Volume No.4, Issue No.10, pp : 542-544 01 Oct. 2015

and 80C52 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows
the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a
conventional non-volatile memory programmer. By combining
a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the
Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides
a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded
control applications [iv].
The ULN2003A is high voltage, high current Darlington arrays
each containing seven open collector Darlington pairs with
common emitters. Each channel rated at 500mA and can
withstand peak currents of 600mA. Suppression diodes are
included for inductive load driving. Output voltage
50V.Outputs can be paralleled for higher current.
The software design of the system includes main program. Fig.3. Hardware snapshot of the design.
When the DTMF decoder output is given to the port one of the IV. Conclusion
microcontroller then the memory of the microcontroller will Our effort towards building the home automation concept did
store the respective bit pattern obtained from the decoder and it not utilize the relay concept. This project can be further
will set the bit of the output port of the microcontroller where enhanced to the High voltage A.C Applications by changing the
three the devices are connected. [v]. ratings of the Relay. We can control and monitor the high
speed induction motors as well as synchronous motors. This
III. Results and Analysis can be done in an economical way. We can also add some
security features in the circuit. One of the ways is password
When the call is initiated and the keys are pressed the DTMF protection. Through this only selected people can access this
decoder decodes the signal into such form so that it can be control over the home appliances. This type of application is
further processed by the microcontroller to generate the specific also very secure as we can use different number codes for
signal to drive the motor driver for driving the output devices different appliances. We can control a vast number of
.When key „1‟ is pressed the fan is set. When key 3 is pressed appliances if we can develop a program of higher level. In this
the red light is on ad when key 7 is pressed then white light is project in future we can add a multimedia camera to see what is
on and the appliances are set to off mode when keys six, four, going inside the home by sitting in office or somewhere. Also a
eight are respectively pressed. Function of the different keys of LCD display can be used to display which device is going to be
mobile phone is shown in TABLE 2. on/off. This is mainly done with the aim that now a day home
security is of prime importance that cannot be ignored. So with
TABLE 2. RESULT OBTAINED FROM THE STUDY this we can easily achieve the home security by automatically
controlling the home appliances if someone forgets to put off
any devices and if we have reached someone far off places
DUAL TONE ACTION from our home. Thus in this way we can keep track on both the
MULTIPLE PERFORMED BY THE things that is home when you are busy at in workplace and
FREQUENCY DRIVING CIRCUIT without any worry we can perform our task. DTMF can be used
in various fields .It have vast applications like it can be used in
PRESSED CODE controlling the robotic arm and irrigation system in farm ,so
KEY with this vast telephone network we can control our home
1 00000001 “FAN” ON appliances.
References
3 00000011 “RED LIGHT” ON
i. Dodd, Annabel Z. The essential guide to
7 00000111 “WHITE LIGHT” ON telecommunications. Prentice Hall PTR, 2002, pp. 183.
ii. Frank Durda, Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (references)
6 00000110 “FAN” OFF iii. Alkar, A. Z., & Buhur, U. (2005). An Internet Based Wireless
Home Automation System for Multifunctional Devices. IEEE
4 0000100 “RED LIGHT” OFF Consumer Electronics, 51(4),pp. 1169-1174
iv. Principles of Electronics by V.K.Mehta
8 00001000 “WHITE LIGHT” OFF v. Linear integrated circuit by K.R Borkar
vi. www.circuitsgallary.com and www.electronicshub.org
vii. Mazidi Md.Ali, Mazidi J.G.,―The 8051 Microcontroller and
The photographic view of the hardware is shown in Fig.3. Embedded systems‖, Pearson Education, 2nd edition.

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