DEPARTMENT OF

ARCHITECTURE
Urban planning 1 assignment 2

BY BETHELHEM GETNET
TO YIRSAW ZEGEYE
 Date nov 16, 2015

INTRODUCTION
Urban planning is about the form of cities. We may regard it as that element in the planning
process that is concerned with finding an appropriate physical framework for human activities in
cities.
Urban design is about making connections between people and places, movement and urban
form, nature and the built fabric.
Architecture is a visual shape of society. And with in that all the various building types could
become objects of architectural sociology.

What is Urban Planning?

Urban planning can be defined as in different ways like

Urban planning is a technical and political process concerned with the welfare of people,
control of the use of land, design of the urban environment including transportation and
communication networks, and protection and enhancement of the natural environment.

Urban planning is a technical and political process concerned with the use of land, protection
and use of the environment, public welfare, and the design of the urban environment, including
air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas such as transportation,
communications, and distribution networks

Urban planning is, in the root of the matter, a public task which provides structural pa-
rameters for the subsequent investments and building projects: for private constructors, investors
and for public authorities and institutions
Urban planning could comfortably accomodate city, town and suburb , no matter how these were
aadministratively defined or physically constituted.

Urban Planning is also referred to as urban and regional, regional, town, city, rural
planning or some combination in various areas worldwide. Urban planning takes many forms
and it can share perspectives and practices with urban design.
Urban planning also orientates itself on the economical profit, creates economical values, and
supports societally and individually useful investments.
Urban planning deals with the interplay between local needs and higher requirements, with a
balance between individual and collective interests.
Urban development is societal development. Planning and managing the development of
contemporary cities is one of the major societal challenges all over the world today

Planning Theory is the body of scientific concepts, definitions, behavioral relationships, and
assumptions that define the body of knowledge of urban planning

WHAT IS URBAN DESIGN

URBAN DESIGN has different meanings ,
Urban design is the process of designing and shaping cities, towns and villages. In contrast to
architecture, which focuses on the design of individual buildings, urban design deals with the larger scale
of groups of buildings, streets and public spaces, whole neighborhoods and districts, and entire cities,
with the goal of making urban areas functional, attractive, and sustainable.

Urban design is an inter-disciplinary subject that utilizes elements of many built environment
professions, including landscape architecture, urban planning, architecture, civil and municipal
engineering. It is common for professionals in all these disciplines to practice in urban design. In
more recent times different sub-strands of urban design have emerged such as strategic urban
design, landscape urbanism, water-sensitive urban design, and sustainable urbanism.

Urban design demands a good understanding of a wide range of subjects from physical
geography, through to social science, and an appreciation for disciplines, such as real estate
development, urban economics, political economy and social theory.

Urban design draws together the many strands of place-making, environmental stewardship,
social equity and economic viability into the creation of places with distinct beauty and identity.
Urban design draws these and other strands together creating a vision for an area and then
deploying the resources and skills needed to bring the vision to life.

The spatial-architectural design tasks furthermore ask for a consideration of ecological,

technical-economic, social and aesthetic circumstances just as for the specific conditions of wor-
king and living, culture and leisure.
Urban design theory deals primarily with the design and management of public space (i.e. the
'public environment', 'public realm' or 'public domain'), and the way public places are
experienced and used. Public space includes the totality of spaces used freely on a day-to-day
basis by the general public, such as streets, plazas, parks and public infrastructure.

Modern urban design

Modern urban design is a part of the wider discipline of urban planning. Indeed, urban planning
began as a movement primarily occupied with matters of public health and urban design.

ARCHITECTURE
Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι-
"chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and
constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of
buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are
often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.

"Architecture" can mean:

 A general term to describe buildings and other physical structures.

 The art and science of designing buildings and (some) non-building structures.
 The style of design and method of construction of buildings and other physical structures.
 The knowledge of art, science & technology and humanity
 The practice of the architect, where architecture means offering or rendering professional
services in connection with the design and construction of buildings, or built
environments.
 The design activity of the architect, from the macro-level (urban design, landscape
architecture) to the micro-level (construction details and furniture).

Theory of architecture
According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles – firmness,
commodity and delight. An equivalent in modern English would be:

 Durability – a building should stand up robustly and remain in good condition.

 Utility – it should be suitable for the purposes for which it is used.
 Beauty – it should be aesthetically pleasing.

Architecture ties structural elements and spaces together to achieve cohesion. Connections in
urban design link three distinct types of elements with each other: natural elements, human
activity nodes, and architectural elements. Examples of natural elements include a riverbank, a
group of trees, a large boulder, or a patch of grass. Architectural elements include everything that
man builds to connect natural elements and reinforce his activity nodes.

SCOPE OF ARCHITECTURE

Is an art of organizing the space not only functionally but beautifully? The Scope of Architecture
is the entire built environment. It includes the designing of a whole city or its subdivisions. The
scope of Architecture primarily lies in the parts explained under-

(A) Site Planning -:

Site Planning deals with the basic layout of the site, its functional approach and correct
orientation. In simple words, site planning is studying compatibility at the site level. It is
broadly classified in further six parts –

1. Zoning: - 2. Circulation:-
 3. Orientation: - 4 Mass-Space Relationships:-
5. Landscaping: - 6. Services:-
(B) Building Design -:
The designing of the exact structure comes under building design. It is sub-divided into six parts-
1. Building Types:-
Under this heading we need to specify the type of building, whether it is residential, commercial,
industrial, institutional, etc.
2. Internal Zoning:-
3. Internal Circulation;-
Horizontal Circulation: It includes the features like corridors, lobby, veranda, porch, and balcony.
Vertical Circulation: It includes stair cases, ramps, elevators and elevators.
4. Building Materials:-
 Floor – terrazzo, marble, fiberboards, floor mats, wooden battens, etc.
 Wall – brick, stone, concrete blocks, wooden battens, etc.
 Roof – R.C.C, R.B.C, wood, slates, tiles, steel truss.
5. Furniture Layout:-
6. Architectural Expression:-

SCOPE OF URBAN PLANNING

Urban planners make recommendations and decisions that determine how cities grow and
function. Though planning work typically focuses on cities and urbanized areas, many planners
also focus on nonurban areas to ensure that natural resources are protected, or on the
environment at large by monitoring air and water quality to protect our health. No matter what,
planners are always interacting with the community in order to ensure that plans that are
proposed are consistent with people’s desires for the place they call home.

Urban planning plays a major role in shaping the natural surroundings of our lives and the
interplay of these surroundings with the social and built environment as well as the identification
with it by its inhabitants. It is therefore both a creative-artistic and social job.

SCOPE OF URBAN DESIGN

Urban design is neither big architecture nor limited to urban landscape issues. It does not
operate solely at the interface between planning and architecture
 Is a problem solving activity with application to spacial decision-making at all scales of
urban planning The need for urban design as a dissipline has arisen a result of the fundamental
cultures Political, social and economic changes
Other issues include the impact of environmental issues and quality of lfe on the nature of the
city and how urban form can best be adapted to our current and future needs.

Differences between Urban planning Urban design and architecture

There is difference on the scale of working. Mostly urban design solutions are on a micro scale,
and therefore greater precision of details are expected from an Urban Designer. Whereas Urban
Planners work on a larger scale and mostly work on statistics that are less deterministic and more
probabilistic. Therefore the solution/plan has to accommodate for the lack of precision.
The same difference that is between a design and a plan. In most cases, designer has the problem
statement defined for them and they design a solution. Planners on the other hand have the
responsibility of identifying the issues and then they "plan" for it. A plan is not the final step
before execution. Whereas design has to be the penultimate step. Sometimes the plan includes
the problem statements that are then handed to an Urban Designer.

Urban planners work with policy that shapes urban development. For example, an urban
planner can write policy recommendations for mass transit infrastructure, business development
strategies for economic development & job creation, or land use plans for transit-oriented
development.
Urban designers work with the physical form of cities. For example, an urban designer can any
day be working on designing street-scrapes and major transportation corridors; parks, open
spaces, waterfronts, and plazas; architectural design guidelines for neighborhoods & downtowns.

Architecture has to do with planning, designing and constructing form, space and ambience to
reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations. It requires the
creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow.
Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved. The practice of Architecture also encompasses
the pragmatic aspects of realizing buildings and structures, including scheduling, cost estimation
and construction administration. Documentation produced by architects, typically drawings,
plans and technical specifications, defines the structure and/or behavior of a building or other
kind of system that is to be or has been constructed.
Urban space in relation to private and public space

Conclusion,
Urban designers work is more visible like a drama act in a theater and urban planner's work is
something that makes it possible, like the theater people who manage lighting, sound, curtain and
likes

We focus on creating a cohesive design for the overall project to ensure smooth connections
between outdoor and indoor spaces, as well as between the multiple facilities and uses: transport,
sports, recreation, hospitality, retail, entertainment, office and residential.
Master concept aims at creating sustainable and legacy oriented urban planning and architectural
projects.

Master concept is a multinational engineering, architectural and design consultancy, providing expertise
to help resolve complex challenges presented by constructed and natural environments. We PLAN,
DESIGN and ENABLE solutions for the urban redesign of cities, the concept for a new ski resort or the
design of transport hubs. Our design capability extends across all our business divisions, from innovative
architecture for the hotel and leisure sectors to detailed master planning for major developments or
engineering and design for infrastructure projects

Both architects and planners are designers. Both are concerned with the arrangement,
functionality and appearance of urban spaces. Both conduct urban design projects. In fact, the
field of urban design is commonly defined as the intersection of architecture and planning
The major three basic, but interrelated, professional differences suggested by the literature:
1 differences in design focus,
2 in design decision-making, and
3 in the value placed on the individual versus the collective contribution

AKNOLEDGEMENT
THANK YOU for giving us this assignment. Because it help to know the consept and
diffeerentiet urban planning, urban design and architecture.

REFFERENCE

Wikipidia
"Vitruvius". Penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2 July 2011.

"urban planning"

"The birth of town planning".

What is Urban design

From my own thought by remembering the lectures you teach us before and previose knowledge