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Calibration of Volumetric Glassware Proc

This experiment aimed to calibrate a Mohr pipette by comparing its volume capacity to the calculated volume of water delivered. The volume delivered was calculated by measuring the mass of water transferred and dividing by the density of water at 28°C. A correction factor of -0.0070 ± 0.1000 mL was found, indicating the pipette delivered less volume than expected. Sources of error included variations in drainage time, temperature fluctuations, and impurities in the water. Calibration helps produce more accurate and reliable measurements by accounting for errors in volumetric glassware.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
120 views3 pages

Calibration of Volumetric Glassware Proc

This experiment aimed to calibrate a Mohr pipette by comparing its volume capacity to the calculated volume of water delivered. The volume delivered was calculated by measuring the mass of water transferred and dividing by the density of water at 28°C. A correction factor of -0.0070 ± 0.1000 mL was found, indicating the pipette delivered less volume than expected. Sources of error included variations in drainage time, temperature fluctuations, and impurities in the water. Calibration helps produce more accurate and reliable measurements by accounting for errors in volumetric glassware.

Uploaded by

Cucu Albert
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Calibration of Volumetric Glassware

Jonniel Vince Cruz


College of Science, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
Received: 23 July 2014

ABSTRACT
This experiment aimed at calibrating volumetric glassware (Mohr pipette) by comparing
its volume capacity with the calculated volume of liquid delivered. Theoretical volume was
determined by dividing the mass of liquid by its reference density at a specified temperature. A
correction factor of -0.0070 ± 0.1000 mL was obtained, which meant that the glassware delivered
lesser actual volume than it was expected to transfer, creating a positive error for every reading.
Hence, calibration methods were proven to be useful producing reliable, accurate and repeatable
measurements. From the uncertainties in the procedure, it was recommended to track visual
biased judgments, variations in the drainage time, and drafts which cause small variations in the
balance readings.

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INTRODUCTION of liquid by the reference density of the
liquid at specific temperature, obtaining the
A very important part of all corresponding volume of liquid. (Lee, 2013)
analytical procedures is the calibration and Calibration is accomplished by comparing
standardization process. Calibration the experimental value with a standard
determines the relationship between the response until
analytical response and the analyte Sexperimental + Scorrection = Sstandard
concentration. This relationship is usually
determined by the use of chemical Where Sexperimental is the volume reading of the
standards. The standards used can be glassware, Sstandard is the volume calculated
prepared from purified reagents, if available, determined constant, and Scorrection is called
or standardized by classical quantitative the correction factor, a value that adjusts the
methods. Most commonly, the standards experimental so that determinate errors were
used are prepared externally to the analyte at minimum.
solutions (external standard methods). Density is affected by temperature,
(Skoog et al., 2013) (UCMP Berkeley Contributors, 2014), so it
Glass wares are commonly calibrated is necessary to measure the liquid
using a liquid of known, specific density, temperature and look up appropriate density
and an analytical balance. The procedure is values.
to determine the mass of liquid the In calibrating a mass-measuring
glassware will hold, and to divide this mass instrument, an electronic balance often

Page 1
includes an internal calibration weight for ambient temperature
routine calibrations, as well as programs for volume of water
calibrating with external weights. In either 9.9930 (±0.0001) mL
delivered
case, the balance automatically adjusts volume capacity
Sexperimental to match Sstandard. (Harvey, 2000) 10.0(±0.1) mL
glassware
In this experiment, volumetric glass correction factor -0.0070(±0.1000)mL
wares such as pipette will be calibrated by
determining the mass by differences in filled
and empty vessel to correct determinate After calculating the data by using
errors rooted from chemical and thermal the constant, density of water at 28 °C, the
changes in the morphology of the glass correction factor, was calculated by
subtracting the volume capacity of
glassware from the volume of water
METHODOLOGY delivered. It was found out that the Mohr
pipette used, with a glass tolerance of (±0.1)
Dry and stoppered 100-mL mL, had a correction factor of -0.0071±0.0001
volumetric flask was weighed in an mL (Table 1), which meant that the glassware
analytical balance. Ten milliliters of delivered lesser actual volume than it was
temperature-equilibrated water was expected to transfer. With the different
transferred from the pipette to the measurements caused by temperature and
volumetric flask, and was weighed with a humidity, differences in mass and volume
stopper. The mass of water transferred was readings might cause an error in the
experiment.
calculated by subtracting the final and initial
Sources of random uncertainties in the
readings, and the volume of water delivered
calibration of pipette include (1) visual
was calculated using the density of water at
judgments, such as level of the water with
the measured temperature. Correction factor, respect to the marking on the pipette and the
which is volume calculated minus volume mercury level in the thermometer; (2)
capacity was determined in the glassware. variations in the drainage time and in the angle
of the pipette it drains; (3) temperature
fluctuations, which affect the volume of the
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION pipette, the viscosity of the liquid, and the
performance of the balance; and (4) variations
In the experiment, the pipette was and drafts that cause small variations in the
calibrated for its volume capacity, and the balance readings. (Skoog et al., 2013)
following data was obtained: Undoubtedly, there are many other sources of
random uncertainty in the calibration process,
Table 1.Data in the calibration of a volumetric
such as the purity of the water used which
glassware changes its density, some buoyancy and
Glassware: Mohr pipette humidity corrections which changes
Weight of empty physicochemical properties of water. The
51.9791 (±0.0001) cumulative influences of all variables were
glassware (g)
responsible for the observed changes in the
Weight of glassware results of experiment.
61.9345 (±0.0001)
+ water (g)
weight of water (g) 90.9554 (±0.0001)
ambient temperature 28 °C
density of water at 0.99623659 g/mL

Page 2
CONCLUSION
Volumetric glass wares could be
calibrated by determining the correction factor
from a standardized set of signal – density of
water at specified temperature. From a
standardized volume, and calibrated balance
differences between the standard signal and
analyte’s signal (volume), more accurate
results can be generated for the instrument
being analyzed, such as volumetric glass
wares like pipette. In the experiment, a pipette
was calibrated, and yielded a correction factor
of -0.0070 ± 0.1000 mL, which meant that the
glassware delivers lesser actual volume than it
was expected to transfer. Thus, the measure
volume without calibration is actually greater
than the actual volume, creating a positive
error. Hence, calibration is an important
procedure in producing reliable, accurate and
repeatable measurements.

REFERENCES

1. "Exploring the Big Ideas About Density."


Exploring the Big Ideas About Density.
N.p., n.d. Web. 22 July 2014.
2. Harvey, David. "Calibrating the Signal
(Stotal)." Analytical Chemistry 2.0.
Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2000. Electronic
version.
3. Lee, Terrence. "Calibration of
Glassware." N.p., n.d. Web.
4. Skoog, Douglas A., Donald M. West,
and F. James. Holler. "Distribution of
Experimental Results; Standardization
and Calibration." Fundamentals of
Analytical Chemistry. Fort Worth:
Saunders College Pub., 2013. Web.

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