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    CHEM4 - Kinetics, Equilibria and Organic Chemistry Definitions To Learn

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    Mubashar Rehmat
    This document provides definitions for key concepts in kinetics, equilibria, organic chemistry, and related topics. It defines rate of reaction, order of reaction, rate constant, homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases, pH, pKa, buffers, equivalence point, conjugate acid-base pairs, zwitter ions, condensation polymerization, stereoisomers, chiral centers, optical isomerism, optical activity, enantiomers, and racemates. The document is intended as a study guide for a chemistry course covering kinetics, equilibria, and organic chemistry.

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    CHEM4 - Kinetics, Equilibria and Organic Chemistry Definitions To Learn

    Uploaded by

    Mubashar Rehmat
    31 views2 pages
    This document provides definitions for key concepts in kinetics, equilibria, organic chemistry, and related topics. It defines rate of reaction, order of reaction, rate constant, homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases, pH, pKa, buffers, equivalence point, conjugate acid-base pairs, zwitter ions, condensation polymerization, stereoisomers, chiral centers, optical isomerism, optical activity, enantiomers, and racemates. The document is intended as a study guide for a chemistry course covering kinetics, equilibria, and organic chemistry.

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    CHEM4 Definitions

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    This document provides definitions for key concepts in kinetics, equilibria, organic chemistry, and related topics. It defines rate of reaction, order of reaction, rate constant, homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases, pH, pKa, buffers, equivalence point, conjugate acid-base pairs, zwitter ions, condensation polymerization, stereoisomers, chiral centers, optical isomerism, optical activity, enantiomers, and racemates. The document is intended as a study guide for a chemistry course covering kinetics, equilibria, and organic chemistry.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    31 views2 pages

    CHEM4 - Kinetics, Equilibria and Organic Chemistry Definitions To Learn

    Uploaded by

    Mubashar Rehmat
    This document provides definitions for key concepts in kinetics, equilibria, organic chemistry, and related topics. It defines rate of reaction, order of reaction, rate constant, homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases, pH, pKa, buffers, equivalence point, conjugate acid-base pairs, zwitter ions, condensation polymerization, stereoisomers, chiral centers, optical isomerism, optical activity, enantiomers, and racemates. The document is intended as a study guide for a chemistry course covering kinetics, equilibria, and organic chemistry.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    CHEM4 – Kinetics, Equilibria and Organic Chemistry

    Definitions to Learn

    1. Kinetics

    Rate of reaction change in concentration of reactants or products in a given


    time (units are mol dm-3 s-1)

    Order of reaction power of reactant’s concentration in the rate equation

    Overall order of reaction sum of powers of concentration terms in rate equation

    Rate constant the constant of proportionality, k, in the rate equation

    2. Equilibria

    Homogeneous system all reactants and products are in the same phase

    Heterogeneous system reactants and products are not all in the same phase

    3. Acids and Bases

    Bronsted-Lowry acid proton donor

    Bronsted-Lowry base proton acceptor

    Strong acid or base fully dissociated in water

    Weak acid or base partially dissociated in water

    pH pH = -log10[H+]

    [H+] 10-pH

    Kw (ionic product of water) Kw = [H+][OH-]

    Ka Ka = [H+][A-]
    [HA]

    pKa pKa = -log[Ka]

    Buffer solution resists changes in pH when small amount of acid or base is


    added

    Equivalence Point in a titration where moles of acid equals moles of base

    Conjugate acid-base pairs Two species differing by H+

    6. Nitrogen Compounds

    Zwitter ion an ion, typically found in amino acids, that has both a
    positive and a negative charge
    7. Polymers

    Condensation polymerisation reaction between two different types of molecule to give a


    polymer accompanied by the loss of a small molecule such as
    water

    8. Isomerism, Synthesis and Analysis

    Stereoisomers Compounds with the same structural formula but different


    arrangements of atoms in space

    Chiral centre carbon atom bonded to four different atoms or groups of


    atoms

    Optical isomerism isomerism arising from molecules being chiral i.e. being non-
    superimposable mirror images

    Optical activity ability of chiral molecules to rotate plane-polarised light

    Enantiomer an optical isomer

    Racemate equal mixture of enantiomers that is optically inactive


    (or racemic mixture)

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