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Boyd v. United State

The Boyd v. United States case established that the Fourth Amendment protects against the invasion of a person's private matters, including compelling them through subpoena to produce private papers. The case involved the government requesting documents from individuals in a customs fraud proceeding. The Court held that this violated the Fourth Amendment's unreasonable search and seizure protections, extending these protections beyond physical invasion of property. A concurring justice would have found it violated the Fifth Amendment instead as it was a criminal proceeding.

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Rogie Toriaga
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87 views1 page

Boyd v. United State

The Boyd v. United States case established that the Fourth Amendment protects against the invasion of a person's private matters, including compelling them through subpoena to produce private papers. The case involved the government requesting documents from individuals in a customs fraud proceeding. The Court held that this violated the Fourth Amendment's unreasonable search and seizure protections, extending these protections beyond physical invasion of property. A concurring justice would have found it violated the Fifth Amendment instead as it was a criminal proceeding.

Uploaded by

Rogie Toriaga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Boyd v.

United State
Citation. Boyd v. United States, 116 U.S. 616, 6 S. Ct. 524, 29 L. Ed. 746, 1886 U.S. LEXIS
1806, 3 A.F.T.R. (P-H) 2488 (U.S. Feb. 1, 1886)

Brief Fact Summary. Certain documents were requested by the government in connection with
a proceeding regarding fraud to avoid paying duties on certain items.

Synopsis of Rule of Law. The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution
(“Constitution”) protects against the invasion into a person’s private matters and will not allow
the government to compel a person to produce private papers through subpoena.

Facts. Several cases of plate glass were confiscated from the defendants by federal customs
agents due to suspicion that certain documents had been falsified for the purposes of avoiding
customs fees or duties. During the course of the proceedings, the defendants were ordered by the
judge to produce documents showing the quantity and value of the shipments. The defendants
protested under the theory that they could not be compelled to produce evidence against
themselves, but the motion was overruled and judgment was entered for the government.

Issue. Whether a compulsory production of a person’s private papers to be used in evidence


against him in a judicial proceeding is an unreasonable search and seizure within the meaning of
the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution?

Held. There need not be a physical invasion of one’s home to constitute a violation of the Fourth
Amendment protection against unreasonable search and seizure. The Fourth Amendment of the
Constitution protects against the invasion into a person’s private matters. This extends to the
compulsory production of a person’s papers.
Concurrence. Justice Samuel F. Miller (“J. Miller”) would have held that this was a violation of
the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution rather than the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution
because, J. Miller argues, this is a criminal proceeding according to the language of the Fifth
Amendment of the Constitution.

Discussion. This opinion stands for the proposition that the Fourth and Fifth Amendments of the
Constitution should be more liberally construed.

Black Letter Law: to view the black letter law, scroll down to the LexisNexis Headnotes of this
case. What’s a headnote?

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