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The 1872 Cavite Mutiny occurred when around 200 Filipino military personnel in Cavite, Philippines staged an uprising against Spanish rule. They were protesting the removal of tax exemptions and other benefits by the oppressive Governor General Rafael de Izquierdo. The mutiny was led by Sergeant Fernando La Madrid and resulted in the killing of Spanish officers. It was violently suppressed by Spanish forces. Izquierdo used the mutiny as justification to execute three priests - Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora - on trumped up charges of instigating the revolt. Their martyrdom galvanized nationalist sentiment and is seen as laying the groundwork for the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial

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114 views

RPH!

The 1872 Cavite Mutiny occurred when around 200 Filipino military personnel in Cavite, Philippines staged an uprising against Spanish rule. They were protesting the removal of tax exemptions and other benefits by the oppressive Governor General Rafael de Izquierdo. The mutiny was led by Sergeant Fernando La Madrid and resulted in the killing of Spanish officers. It was violently suppressed by Spanish forces. Izquierdo used the mutiny as justification to execute three priests - Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora - on trumped up charges of instigating the revolt. Their martyrdom galvanized nationalist sentiment and is seen as laying the groundwork for the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial

Uploaded by

anon_86711390
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Jeila Franchesca D.

Ombao BSBA1A

CAVITE MUTINY

One hundred and forty years ago, on January 20, 1872, about 200
Filipino military personnel of Fort San Felipe Arsenal in Cavite,
Philippines, staged a mutiny which in a way led to the Philippine
Revolution in 1896. The 1872 Cavite Mutiny was precipitated by the
removal of long-standing personal benefits to the workers such as
tax (tribute) and forced labor exemptions on order from the Governor
General Rafael de Izquierdo.

Izquierdo replaced Governor General Carlos Maria de la Torre some


months before in 1871 and immediately rescinded Torre’s liberal
measures and imposed his iron-fist rule. He was opposed to any hint
of reformist or nationalistic movements in the Philippines. He was
in office for less than two years, but he will be remembered for
his cruelty to the Filipinos and the barbaric execution of the three
martyr-priests blamed for the mutiny: Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose
Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, later collectively called “Gomburza.”

The mutineers were led by Sgt. Fernando La Madrid; they seized the
Fort and killed the Spanish officers. Fearing a general uprising,
the Spanish government in Manila sent a regiment under General
Felipe Ginoves to recover the Fort. The besieged mutiny was quelled,
and many mutineers including Sgt. La Madrid were killed. Later,
others were sentenced to death or hard labor. Izquierdo used the
mutiny to implicate Gomburza and other notable Filipinos known for
their liberal leanings. Prominent Filipinos such as priests,
professionals, and businessmen were arrested on flimsy and
trumped-up charges and sentenced to prison, death, or exile. These
include Joaquin Pardo de Tavera, Jose Basa, and Antonio M. Regidor.
It was said that the Cavite mutineers got their cue from Manila
when they saw and heard fireworks across the Manila Bay which was
really a celebration of the feast of the Lady of Loreto in Sampaloc.
When the Archbishop of Manila, Rev. Meliton Martinez, refused to
cooperate and defrock the priests, the Spanish court-martial on
February 15 went ahead and maliciously found Fathers Gomez, Burgos,
and Zamora guilty of treason for instigating the Cavite mutiny.
Two days later, the three priests were put to death by garrotte
in Bagumbayan, now known as Luneta. (Garrote was a barbaric Spanish
method of execution in which an iron collar was tightened around
the prisoner’s neck until death occurred.)

Father Burgos was of Spanish descent, born in the Philippines. He


was a parish priest of the Manila Cathedral and had been known to
be close to the liberal Governor General de la Torre. He was 35
years old at the time and was active and outspoken in advocating
the Filipinization of the clergy. He was quoted as saying, “Why
shall a young man strive to rise in the profession of law or theology
when he can vision no future for himself but obscurity?”

Father Zamora, 37, was also Spanish, born in the Philippines. He


was the parish priest of Marikina and was known to be unfriendly
to and would not countenance any arrogance or authoritative behavior
from Spaniards coming from Spain. He once snubbed a Spanish governor
who came to visit Marikina.

Father Gomez was an old man in his mid-’70, Chinese-Filipino, born


in Cavite. He held the most senior position of the three as
Archbishop’s Vicar in Cavite. He was truly nationalistic and
accepted the death penalty calmly as though it were his penance
for being pro-Filipinos.

The three priests were stripped of their albs, and with chained
hands and feet were brought to their cells after their sentence.
They received numerous visits from folks coming from Cavite, Bulacan,
and elsewhere. Forty thousand Filipinos came to Luneta to witness
and quietly condemn the execution, and Gomburza became a rallying
catchword for the down-trodden Filipinos seeking justice and
freedom from Spain.
In the dedication page of his second book, El Filibusterismo,
published in 1891, Dr. Jose Rizal wrote, “I dedicate my work to
you as victims of the evil which I undertake to combat…”

It is well to remember that the seeds of nationalism that was sown


in Cavite blossomed to the Philippine Revolution and later to the
Declaration of Independence by Emilio Aguinaldo which took place
also in Cavite. As for me, the 1872 Cavite Mutiny bolstered the
stereotypical belief that Caviteños were the most courageous of
my fellow Filipinos.

https://filipinojournal.com/the-1872-cavite-mutiny/

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