EXERCISE-01 CHECK YOUR GRASP

SELECT THE CORRECT ALTERNATIVE (ONLY ONE CORRECT ANSWER)

1. The most abundant element found in the earth's crust is:-
(A) Tin (B) Hydrogen (C) Silicon (D) Oxygen
2. Which of the following element is found in its native state:-
(A) Sodium (B) Gold (C) Silver (D) Both (B) and (C)
3. Which of the following contain both calcium and magnesium:-
(A) Magnesite (B) Calamine (C) Carnalite (D) Dolomite
4. Which of the following is not an ore of Iron:-
(A) Haematite (B) Limonite (C) Cassiterite (D) Magnetite
5. Litharge is a mineral of:-
(A) Magnesium (B) Lithium (C) Lead (D) Zinc
6. Which one is mineral of manganese:-
(A) Magnesite (B) Malachite (C) Magnetite (D) Pyrolusite
7. Calamine is:-
(A) BaCO3 (B) ZnCO3 (C) ZnS (D) ZnO
8. Black Jack is:-
(A) Silicate ore (B) Oxide ore (C) Carbonate ore (D) Sulphide ore
9. Pyrolusite is:-
(A) MnO (B) Mn3 O 2 (C) SnO2 (D) MnO2
10. The impurities present in the ore is called:-
(A) Slag (B) Flux (C) Alloy (D) Gangue
11. Leaching method is used to concentrate the ores of:-
(A) Gold (B) Silver (C) Aluminium (D) All of these
12. Which of the following can be obtained by hydrometallurgy :-
(A) Copper (B) Gold (C) Silver (D) All of these
13. Which is wrongly mached:-
(A) Gun metal- Cu+Zn+Sn (B) Duralumin - Cu+Al+Mn
(C) German silver Cu+Zn+Ni (D) Electron Pb+Sn
14. The process of converting hydrated Alumina into anhydrous Alumina is called:-
(A) Roasting (B) Calcination (C) Smelting (D) Dressing
15. The metallurgical process in which a metal is obtained in a fused state is called:-
(A) Smelting (B) Roasting (C) Calcination (D) Froth floatation
16. Blister copper is:-
(A) Pure copper (B) Ore of copper
(C) Alloy of copper (D) Copper having 2% impurity
17. Among the following pairs of oxides, In which pair both are reduced by carbon :-
(A) SnO2 , MnO2 (B) Fe2O3, PbO (C) ZnO, K2O (D) CaO, Cr2O 3
18. Calomel is the name of :-
(A) HgCl2 (B) Hg 2 Cl 2 (C) HgCl2 + Hg (D) Hg2Cl2 + Hg
19. "Hydro metallurgy" method is used for the extraction of the following metals :-
(A) Zn & Ag (B) Ag & Cu (C) Zn & Hg (D) Hg & Cu
20. Heating of pyrites to remove sulphur is called as:-
(A) Roasting (B) Calcination (C) Smelting (D) Froth-floatation
21. In which of the following reaction "Philosopher's wool" is formed:-
 
(A) Zn + S  ZnS (B) Zn + Cl2  ZnCl2
 
(C) FeS + O2  FeO + SO2 (D) Zn + H2O (steam)  ZnO + H2
22. Which one of the following metals can not be extracted by using Al as a reducing agent :-
(A) Na from Na2O (B) Cr from Cr2O3 (C) Mn from MnO2 (D) Fe from Fe2O3
23. The correct set of carbonate ores is : -
(a) Magnesite (b) Siderite (c) Zincite (d) Argentite
(A) a, b (B) a, d (C) c, d (D) b, c
24. Calcination is the process of heating the ore :-
(A) in inert gas (B) in the presence of air
(C) in the absence air (D) in the presence of CaO and MgO
25. Matte :-
(A) Cu 2 S + FeS (B) Cu 2 O + FeS (C) Cu 2 O + Cu 2 S (D) FeS + SiO 2
26. Which of the following statement is correct for roasting :-
(A) Convert sulphide to oxide (B) Convert sulphide to sulphate
(C) Remove arsenic and sulphur impurities (D) All
27. Among the following statements, the incorrect one is
(A) Cassiterite ore of tin contains the impurities of Wolframite which are separated by electromagnetic
separator.
(B) Tin metal is obtained by the carbon reduction of black tin.
(C) In the extraction of lead from galena, the roasting and self-reduction are carried out in the same
furnance at different temperature.
(D) None of these
28. Fe can displace which of the following ions from their aqueous solutions ?
(a) Na + (b) Zn2+ (c) Cu 2+ (d) Ag+
(A) a & b (B) b & c (C) c & d (D) b, c, d
29. There are following extraction process of silver but not :
(A) as a side product in electrolytic refining of copper
(B) Parke's process in which Zn is used to extract silver by solvent extraction from molten lead
(C) by reaction of silver sulphide with KCN and then reaction of soluble complex with Zn
(D) by heating Na[Ag(CN2)]
30. Which of the following is not an ore :
(A) malacite (B) calamine (C) stellite (D) cerussite
31. In the Pidgeon process, Mg is produced by :
(A) electrolysis of fused MgCl2
(B) reducing calcined dolomite with ferrosilicon at high temperature under pressure
(C) both are correct
(D) none is correct
32. "Fool's gold" is
(A) iron pyrites (B) horn silver (C) copper pyrites (D) bronze
33. Which one of the following reactions is an example for calcination process :-

(A) 2Ag + 2HCl + (O)  2AgCl + H2O

(B) 2 Zn + O2  2ZnO2

(C) 2ZnS + 3O2  2ZnO + 2SO2

(D) MgCO3  MgO + CO2

34. Identify the process to which the following reaction belongs :

Al 2 O 3.2H 2 O + Na2 CO 3  2NaAlO 2 + 2H 2 O + CO 2

50  60  C
2NaAlO 2 + 2H 2O + CO 2   Al 2 O 3 .2H 2 O + Na 2 CO 3
(A) Hall's process (B) Baeyer's process
(C) Serpeck's process (D) None of these

LayerX
35. (Ag + Pb) alloy 
Melt and add zinc
 (Ag + Pb + Zn) melt Cool
 
LayerY
Select correct statement based on above scheme :
(A) Layer X contains zinc and silver
(B) Layer Y contains lead and silver but amount of silver in this layer is smaller than in the layer X
(C) X and Y are immiscible layers
(D) All are correct statements
36. Formation of metallic copper from the sulphide ore in the normal thermo-metallurgical process essentially
involves which one of the following reaction :

3
(A) CuS + O  CuO + SO2; CuO + C  Cu + CO
2 2
3
(B) CuS + O  CuO + SO2; 2CuO + CuS  3Cu + SO2
2 2
(C) CuS + 2O2  CuSO4; CuSO4 + CuS  2Cu + 2SO2

3
(D) CuS + O  CuP + SO2; CuO + CO  Cu + CO2
2 2
37. Bessemerisation is carried out for
(i) Fe (ii) Cu (iii) Al (iv) silver
(A) i, ii (B) ii, iii (C) iii, iv (D) i, iii
38. Consider the following statement :

Roasting is carried out to :

(i) convert sulphide to oxide and sulphate

(ii) remove water of hydration

(iii) melt the ore

(iv) remove arsenic and sulphur impurities

Of these statements :

(A) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct

(B) (i) and (iv) are correct

(C) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct

(D) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct

39. For extraction of sodium from NaCl, the electrolytic mixture NaCl + Na 3 AlF 6 + CaCl 2 is used. During
extraction process, only sodium is deposited on cathode but K and Ca do not because

(A) Na is more reactive than K and Ca

(B) Na is less reactive than K and Ca

(C) NaCl is less stable than Na3AlF6 and CaCl2

(D) the discharge potential of Na+ is less than that of K+ and Ca2+ ions.

40. Among the following statements, the incorrect one is :

(A) Calamine and siderite are carbonates

(B) Argentite and cuprite are oxides

(C) Zinc blende and pyrites are sulphides

(D) Malachite and azurite are ores of copper

41. Pb and Sn are extracted from their chief ore by :

(A) Carbon reduction and self reduction respectively.

(B) Self reduction and carbon reduction respectively.

(C) Electrolysis and self reduction respectively.

(D) Self reduction and electrolysis respectively.

C H E C K Y O UR GR A S P ANS W E R KE Y E X E R C IS E -1
Qu e. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
An s . D D D C C D B D D D D D D B A
Qu e. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
An s . D B B B A D A A C A D D C D C
Qu e. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41
An s . B A D A D B A C D B B
EXERCISE–02 BRAIN TEASERS
SELECT THE CORRECT ALTERNATIVES (ONE OR MORE THEN ONE CORRECT ANSWERS)

1. During the extraction of Ag and Au using a KCN solution, cyanide ions react with metal ions as
(A) a reducing agent (B) a complexing agent (C) an oxidizing agent (D) a lewis base
2. Which of the following is dolomite:-
(A) CaCO3. MgCO3 (B) Cu 2S Fe 2S 3 (C) CdS (D) ZnS
3. Which of the following ores is a double salt composition :-
(A) Carnallite (B) Alum (C) Dolomite (D) Cerrusite
4. The following metal- ore combination is correct :-
(A) Pb-Galena (B) Fe-siderite (C) Al-Bauxite (D) Mn-Magnesite
5. NaCN used in the froth floatation method for the purification of ore is:-
(A) ZnS which contain PbS (B) Cu2S which contain Fe2S3
(C) PbS which contain ZnS (D) PbS which contain SiO2
6. Which of the following metal can not be extracted by smelting process:-
(A) Lead (B) Zinc (C) Iron (D) Aluminium
7. The reduction of Cr2O3, by heating it with aluminium is known as:-
(A) Smelting (B) Roasting (C) Calcination (D) Aluminothermic process
8. Which metal is leached from its ore by the use of KCN :-
(A) Copper (B) Zinc (C) Gold (D) Iron
9. Name the flux to remove the impurity of SiO2 :-
(A) P4O10 (B) CaO (C) N 2 O 5 (D) Al 2O 3
10. Mercury containers are made of:-
(A) Fe (B) Pb (C) Sn (D) Zn
11. Autoreduction process is used in the extraction of:-
(A) Cu & Pb (B) Zn & Hg (C) Cu & Al (D) Fe & Pb
12. When Alumina is electrolysed in presence of cryolite, the gas liberated at graphite anode is:-
(A) F2 (B) O2 (C) CF4 (D) Cl2
13. In the extraction of copper, metal is formed in the Bessemer converter due to reaction:-
(A) Cu2S + 2Cu2O  6Cu + SO2 (B) Cu2S  2Cu + S
(C) Fe + Cu2O  2Cu + FeO (D) 2Cu2O  4Cu + O2
14. x, y and z in the following processes are respectively:-
(i) P2O 5 + .......x.....  Ca3(PO4) 2

(ii) 2Cu2O + Cu2S  ......y..... + SO2 

(iii) Fe2O3 + 3CO  .......z ..... + 3CO2 

(A) 3Ca, CuSO4, Fe (B) 3Ca(OH)2, 6Cu, FeO (C) 3CaO, 6Cu, 2Fe (D) 3CaO2 , CuS, FeO
15. Which of the following process involves smelting
(A) 2 PbS + 3O2  2PbO + 2SO2  (B) Al2O 3. 2H2O  Al2O3 + 2H2O
(C) Fe2O3 + CO  2Fe + 2CO2 (D) Cr2O3 + 2Al  Al2O3 + 2Cr + Heat
16. Out of the following, which ores are calcinated during extraction :-
(a) Copper pyrites (b) Malachite (c) Bauxite
Correct answer is :-
(A) a, b, c (B) b, c (C) Only a (D) All
17. Which of the following match are incorrect :-
(A) Goldschmidt aluminothermite process - Cr2O 3 (B) Mac Arther cyanide process - Fe
(C) Mond process - Ni (D) Van Arkel process – Au
18. Malachite on calcination gives  'A' + CO2 + H2O. Compound 'A' on reduction with carbon gives  CO + 'B' .
Here 'A' and 'B' are :-
(A) Fe2O3, Fe (B) CuO, Cu (C) CuCO3, CuO (D) MgO, Mg
19. Which of the following ores are calcinated during extraction :-
(A) Argentite (B) Calamine (C) Azurite (D) Copper pyrites
20. Which method of purification is represented by the following equations
523K 1700 K
Ti + 2I2   TiI4  Ti + 2I2
(A) Cupellation (B) Poling (C) Van Arkel (D) Zone refining
21. Which are correctly is matched :-
(A) Poling – refining of copper (B) Cupellation – refining of silver
(C) Smelting – An oxidation process (D) Roasting – An oxidation process
22. Which of the following reaction is a part of Serpeck's process :-
(A) Al2O3 + 2NaOH  2NaAlO2 + H2O
(B) Fe2O3 + 2Al  2Fe + Al2O3
(C) AlN + 3H2O  Al(OH)3 + NH3
(D) Al2O3. 2H2O + 2Na2CO3  2NaAlO2+CO2 + 2H2O
23. The following equation represents a method of purification of nickel by :-
320 K 420K
Ni + 4CO   Ni(CO) 4   Ni + 4CO
impure pure
(A) Cupellation (B) Mond's process (C) Van Arkel method (D) Zone refining
24. Which substance is used as basic refractory material in furnace :-
(A) Al 2 O 3 (B) SiO 2 (C) CaO (D) Fe 2 O 3
25. Carbon cannot be used in the reduction of Al 2 O 3 because :-
(A) it is an expensive
(B) the enthalpy of formation of CO 2 is more than that of Al 2 O 3
(C) pure carbon is not easily available
(D) the enthalpy of formation of Al 2O 3 is too high
26. Which of the following reaction is not involved in themite process :-
(A) 3Mn 3 O 4 + 8Al  9Mn + 4Al 2 O 3 (B) Cr 2 O 3 + 2AI  Al 2 O 3 + 2Cr
(C) 2Fe + Al 2 O 3  2Al + Fe 2 O 3 (D) B 2 O 3 + 2Al  2B + Al 2 O 3
27. Which of the following reduction processes are correct :-
R e duction R e duction
(A) Fe 2 O 3 + C      Fe (B) ZnO + C      Zn
R e duction R e duction
(C) SnO 2 + C      Sn (D) PbO + C      Pb
28. Consider the following steps :
roast in air Heating without air
Cu 2 S   A  B
Which is not the correct statement :
(A) it is self-reduction
(B) A is only Cu 2 O & B is a mixture of Cu & SO 3
(C) A is a mixture of Cu 2 O and Cu 2 S and B is a mixture of Cu & SO 2
(D) all are incorrect statements
29. Main source of lead is PbS. It is converted to Pb by :-
air C
(i) PbS  

 PbO + SO  Pb + CO
2  2
air 
(ii) PbS  

 PbO + PbS   Pb + SO 2
Self reduction process is :
(A) i (B) ii (C) Both (D) None

30. Ag 2 S + NaCN  A

A + Zn  B
B is a metal. Hence A and B :-
(A) Na 2 [Zn(CN) 4 ], Zn (B) Na[Ag(CN) 2 ], Ag (C) Na[Ag(CN) 4 ], Ag (D) Na 3 [Ag(CN) 4 ], Ag
31. Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 is :-
(A) Thomas slag (B) Used in cement manufacturing
(C) Used in manufacturing of phosphorus fertilizer (D) Used as a refactory material
32. Bauxite is purified by :-
(A) Hall's process (B) Baeyer's process (C) Serpeck's process (D) L.D. process
33. The processes which do use catalysts are :-
(A) Contact process (B) Thermite process (C) Ostwald's process (D) Haber's process
34. Metallurgy involves steps :-
(A) concentration of ore (B) Oxidation of ore (C) purification (D) Reduction of ore
35. Which of the following metals are extracted by electrolytic reduction ?
(A) Cu (B) Al (C) Mg (D) Ag
36. Which of the following ores is/are oxide ore(s) ?
(A) Cassiterite (B) Bauxite (C) Cryolite (D) Haematite
37. Which of the following are correctly matched ?
(A) Schweitzer's reagent  An ammoniacal solution of cupric sulphate
(B) Bordeaus mixture  CuSO 4 and Ca(OH) 2
(C) Semiconductor  Ge
(D) Horn silver  AgNO 3
38. In which of the following pair(s), the minerals are converted in to metals by self-reduction process?
(A) Cu 2 S, PbS (B) PbS, HgS (C) PbS, ZnS (D) Ag 2 S, Cu 2 S
39. Cassiterite ore (SnO 2 ) is purified by :-
(A) Magnetic separator (B) Roasting (C) Leaching (D) Calcination
40. The reaction(s) which does (do) not occur in the reduction zone in the extraction of iron from haematite
ore is (are) :-

(A) Fe 2 O 3 + CO  2FeO + CO 2

(B) FeO + CO  Fe + CO 2

(C) Fe 2 O 3 + 3C  2Fe + 3CO

(D) CaO + SiO 2  CaSiO 3

41. Which of the following statement(s) is (are) true ?
(A) In process of the precipitation of silver sodium dicyano argentate (l), the zinc acts as reducing agent
as well as complexing agent.
(B) In process of the roasting, the copper pyrites is converted into a mixture of Cu 2S & FeS which, in
turn, are partially oxidised
(C) Limonite, haematite and magnesite are ores of iron.
(D) Tin and lead both are extracted from their ores by self-reduction.
42. The role of fluorspar (CaF2) which is added in the electrolytic reduction of alumina dissolved in fused cryolite
is (are) :-
(A) to acts as a catalyst
(B) to make the fused mixture very conducting
(C) to lower the temperature of the melt
(D) to decrease the rate of oxidation of carbon at the anode
43. Which of the followgin are correctly mathched ?
(A) Turquoise  (CuAl 6PO 4 ) 4 (OH) 8 . 4H 2 O
(B) Peacock ore  Cu 4 FeS 2
(C) Malachite  CuCO 3 . Cu(OH) 2
(D) Chalcopyrites  CuFeS 2
44. Which of the following statements are correct in connection with the extraction of silver ?
(A) Silver is obtained as a by-product in the extraction of copper, lead and zinc.
(B) Silver is obtained from the anode slime formed in the electrolytic refining of copper and zinc
(C) Zinc is used to extract silver by solvent extraction from molten lead in Parke's process.
(D) Pttinsons process is used for desilverization of lead
45. Which of the following does not disproportionate ?
(A) Cu + (B) Au 3+ (C) Cu 2+ (D) Au +

B R A IN T E A S E R S ANS W E R KE Y E X E R C IS E -2
Qu e. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
An s . B,D A A ,B,C A ,B,C C D D C B A A B A C C
Qu e. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
An s . B B,D B B,C C A ,B,D C B C D C A,B,C, D B B B
Qu e. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
An s . A ,B,C A ,B,C A ,C ,D A ,C ,D B,C A ,B,D A ,B,C A ,B A C ,D A ,B B,C A ,C ,D A, B, C,D B,C
EXERCISE–03 MISCELLANEOUS TYPE QUESTIONS
TRUE / FALSE
1. Metals can be recovered from their ores by chemical methods.
2. Sulphide ore of copper can be concentrated by froth floatation process.
3. Silver is purified by distillation process.
4. Highly pure metal can be obtained by zone refining.
5. Zinc is precipitated from a solution of zinc sulphate by addition of iron.
6. The slag obtained during the extraction of copper pyrites is composed mainly of FeSiO3.
7. In calcination, ore is heated strongly in the absence of air.

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. The most abundant metal in the earth's crust is ...................
2. Cassiterite is an ore of ................... .
3. In the metallurgical process for the electro-refining of the metal, the anode is made of
................... metal.
4. In a thermite process, ................... is used as a reducing agent.
5. The mineral carnallite contains magnesium and ................... metal.
6. The actual reducing agent of haematite in blast furnace is ...................
7. In the basic Bessemer's process of the manufacture of steel, the linning of the converter is made of ....................
The slag formed consists of ...................
8. The transition metal present in the alloy gun metal is ...................
9. The slag formed during the metallurgy of copper pyrites is ...................
10. Iron is ................... copper in the electrochemical series and hence displaces ................... from a solution
of copper sulphate.

MATCH THE COLUMN

1. Column-I (Ore) Column-II (Created formula & properties)

(A) Iron pyrites (p) FeS 2

(B) Fool's gold (q) Sulphide ore
(C) Galena (r) Fe 2 O 3
(D) Haematite (s) Concentrated by froth

2. Column-I (Metal) Co lu mn -I I

(A) Magnesite (p) Ore of magnesium

(B) Siderite (q) Ore of aluminium
(C) Corundum (r) Oxide ore
(D) Bauxite (s) Carbonate ore

3. Column-I (Ore) Co lu mn -I I

(A) Iron (p) Carbon reduction method

(B) Lead (q) Self reduction
(C) Copper (r) Thermite process
(D) Chromium (s) Hydrometallurgical process
 ASSERTION & REASON QUESTIONS

These questions contains, Statement-I (assertion) and Statement-II (reason).

(A) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True ; Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I
(B) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True ; Statement-II is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-I
(C) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False.
(D) Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True.

1. Statement-I : All the ores are mineral

Statement-II : Most of the ores contains metals in combined state

2. Statement-I : In the extraction of Ag the complex Na[Ag(CN) 2 ] is reacted with Zn

Statement-II : Zn is transition metal according to electronic theory

3. Statement-I : Thermite mixture Fe 2O 3+Al (powder) is used in the welding.

Statement-II : Al is a good reductant

4. Statement-I : CuFeS 2 is concentrated by froath floatation method

Statement-II : CuFeS 2 is main ore of copper

5. Statement-I : In the smelting of copper ore coke is added in the blast furnace.
Statement-II : Coke reduces, CuO into Cu.

6. Statement-I : Extraction of iron metal from iron oxide ore is carried out by heating with coke.
Statement-II :   Fe(s) + 3/2O (g) is a spontaneous process at standarde condition.
The reaction Fe2O3(s)  2

7. Statement-I : Wolframite impurities are separated from cassiterite by electromagnetic separation.

Statement-II : Cassiterite being magnetic is attached by the magnet and forms a separate heap.

8. Statement-I : Lead, tin and bismuth are purified by liquation method.

Statement-II : Lead, tin and bismuth have low m.p. as compared to impurities.

COMPREHENSION BASED QUESTIONS

Comprehension # 1

Dow's process of extraction of Mg involves extraction of Mg from sea water. Sea water is concentrated in sun
light and is then treated with skaked lime. Magnesium hydroxide is heated in a stream of HCl to give MgCl2
which is electrolysed to dischatge Mg. The mixture is in the ratio 35% MgCl2 + 50% NaCl + 15% CaCl2.
NaCl and CaCl2 are added to lower the fusion temperature and to increase the conductance.

Mg 2+ + Ca(OH)2  Mg(OH)2 + Ca2+

Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + 2H2O (liquid)

Electrolysis of fused MgCl2 Anode

  2Cl–  Cl2 + 2–1e°

2+
Cathode
  Mg + 2–1e°  Mg

Mg electrolysed is protected from atmospheric oxidation by a blanket of inert gases.

1. Mg 2+ + Ca(OH)2  Mg(OH)2  + Ca2+

This reaction indicates :

(A) Mg(OH)2 is weaker base than Ca(OH)2

(B) Soubility products of Mg(OH)2 is less than that of Ca(OH)2

(C) Polarising power of Mg2+ is more than that of Ca2+ ion

(D) Both (B) and (C).

2. In the hydrated chloride of Mg the value of of x is

(A) 6 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 10

3. Molten mixture contains Mg2+, Na+ and Ca2+ but at cathode only Mg is discharged because :

(A) Standard reduction potential of Mg is least among the three

(B) Standard oxidation potential of Mg is least among the three

(C) Discharge potential of Mg is highest

(D) None of these

4. Molten mixture of NaCl of CaCl2 is added to the heated MgCl2.xH2O with dry HCl gas because :

(A) MgCl2.xH2O + dry HCl 

973 1023 K
 Partially dehydrated MgCl2 and molten (NaCl + CaCl2) makes it
fully dehydrated

(B) CaCl2 is dehydrating agent

(C) (CaCl2 + NaCl) lowers the m.pt. of MgCl2

(D) None of the above

Comprehension # 2
Extraction of Aluminium can be understand by :

Bauxite Conc. of Ore by Pure Alumina Re duction of alumina Electrolysis

    Al impure   Al-Pure
Al 2 O 3 .2H 2 O Chemical method Al 2 O 3 by electrolysis u sin g suspended graphite
roads anode and C lining
inside the Fe container

electrolytic reduction of Al2O 3

Electrolyte : (Al2O 3 + Cryolite)

Cathode : Graphite inside the Fe container

Anode : Graphite rods

1. The purpose of adding cryolite is :

(A) to increase the electrical conductivity of pure aluminium

(B) to lower the melting point of Al2O3

(C) to remove the impurities as slag

(D) to increase the Al% in the yield

2. Coke powder is spreaded over the molten electrolyte due to :

(A) prevent the heat radiation from the surface

(B) prevent the corrosion of graphite anode

(C) prevent oxidation of molten aluminium by air

(D) both (A) & (B)

3. The function of fluorspar (CaF2) is :

(A) to decrease the melting point of electrolyte

(B) to increase electrolytic conductivity power

(C) to remove the impurities as slag

(D) all of the above

4. The molten electrolytes contains Na+, Al3+, Ca2+ but only Al gets deposited at cathode because :

(A) Standard reduction potential of Al is more than those of Na & Ca

(B) Standard oxidation potential of Al is more than those of Na & Ca

(C) Discharge potential of Al3+ is higher than Na+ & Ca2+

(D) Graphite reacts only with Al3+ and not with Na+ & Ca2+

5. What is wrong if anode is made of nickel instead of graphite?

(A) Ni is costly

(B) Anode will be affected by produced Cl2

(C) Graphite remain unaffected by produced Cl2

(D) Ni may be affected by high temp.

M ISCEL L AN E OU S TYP E Q U ESTION ANSWER KEY E XE R CISE -3

 Tr u e / Fals e
1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. T 7. T

 F i ll i n t h e B lanks
1. Al 2.Tin 3.Impure 4.Al 5.K 6. CO 7.MgO,CaO, silicate, phosphate
8. Cu 9.FeSiO 3 10.Above, Cu
 Matc h th e C o lu mn
1. (A)  p,q,s; (B) p,q,s ; (C)  q,s ; (D) r 2. (A) p,s ; (B) s ; (C)  q,r ; (D) q,r
3. (A) p ; (B) p,q ; (C)  q,s ; (D) r
 A s s er ti o n - R eas o n Qu es ti o ns
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. A
 C o mp r eh e ns i o n B as ed Qu es ti o ns
Comprehension #1 : 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C
Comprehens i on #2 : 1.B 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B
EXERCISE–04 [A] CONCEPTUAL SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE
1. Which of the metals Na, Ag and Fe are extracted by,

(i) Complex formation

(ii) Reduction with carbon and

(iii) Electrolysis of fused salt ?

2. How the following impurities can be removed?

(a) An impurity of lead in silver.

(b) An impurity of cuprous oxide in copper.

(c) Impurities of Fe, Cu etc. in aluminium.

3. Tin stone is amphoteric. Explain.

4. Predict the mode of occurance of the following three type of metal.

(i) Highly reactive (Na) (ii) Moderatyl reactive (Fe) (iii) Noble Metal (Au)

5. Which is better reducing agent at 7100C, Coke or CO.

6. Name the process from which chlorine is obtained as by product. What will happen if an aqueous solution of
NaCl is subjected to electrolysis.

7. What is Lintz-Dusenverfahren (L–D) process?

8. Identify (A) to (F) in the following :


FeSO 4   (A )  (B
)
 (C
)
Solid
gas

O2
(B ) 
(C )
H2 O
(E )  (D) brown ppt

(D )  (A )
HCl
(A )   deep yellow solution (E)
K 4 [Fe ( CN )6 ]
(E )   blue ppt. (F )

CON CEP TUAL SU BJ ECTIVE E X ER CISE ANSWER KEY E XE R CISE -4 (A)

1. Na – (iii), Ag–(i), Fe–(ii)

2. (a) Cupellation, (b) Poling, (c) Electrolytic (Hoop's process)
3. SnO2 + 2H2SO4  Sn(SO4)2 + H2O (SnO2 react with both acid and base)
SnO2 + NaOH  Na2SnO3
4. (i) Na  Combined form (ii) Fe  Combined form (iii) Au  Native/Noble form
5. C O (Ellingham diagram)
6. Down cell process
NaOH, H2, Cl2
7. It is pyrometallurgical process in the manufacturing of steel to oxidise impurities.
8. (A) : Fe2O3 (B) : SO2 (C) : SO3 (D) : Fe(OH)3 (E) : FeCl3 (F) : KFeIII[FeII(CN)6], Prussian blue.
EXERCISE–04 [B] BRAIN STORMING SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE
1. Write example of two metals which are manufactured by the electrolysis of their fused salts.

2. Write example of two metals which are used for the reduction in metallurgical process.

3. Which of the following metals can be obtained by the electrolytic reduction of aqueous solution of their salts
– Al, Na, Cu and Ag ?

4. Zinc and not copper is used for the recovery of Ag from the complex [Ag(CN)2]–.

5. Partial roasting of sulphide ore is done in the metallurgy of copper.

6.6. Why is chalcocite roasted and not calcined during recovery of copper?

7. Egg shell is made up of a chemical. In which of the two ores this chemical is present.

8.8. You are provided with sample of some impure metal. Such as zinc, copper and germanium which method
would you recommended for the purification of each of these metal.

9. Name the metal which are associated with the following term in their extraction from their ores.

(i) Bessmer's convertor

(ii) Blast furnace

(iii) Alumino thermic process

(iv) Magnetic separation

10. Carbon monoxide is more effective reducing agent than carbon below 983 K but above this temperature the
reverse is true. How would you explain this?

11. Write balanced equations for the extraction of aluminium from bauxite by electrolysis.

12. The following are two reaction schemes involving Mg.

Scheme-I : Mg 
air 
 colourless solid A 
HCl
 colourless soltuion B 
Na 2 CO 3
 white ppt C 



D colourless gas E 

Ca ( OH )2
 white ppt F

Scheme-II : Mg 
dil. H 2 SO 4
 colourless solution G 
NaOH
 white ppt H 
 HNO 3
 colourless solution

evaporate
  I 

 J gas + O2 + D
CON CEP TUAL SU BJ ECTIVE E X ER CISE ANSWER KEY E XE R CISE -4 (B)

1. Na, Al

2. Al, Mg, Na

3. Cu, Ag,

4. Zn is powerful, Reducing agent than Cu

5. Self/auto reduction

6. Chalcosite is a sulphide ore so on roasting it converted into oxide.

7. Lime stone : CaCO3 Dolomite : CaCO 3.MgCO 3

8. Zn  Fractional distillation Cu  Poling & electro refining Ge  Zone refining/fractional crystallisation

9. (i) Cu (ii) Fe (iii) Al (iv) Tin stone and Chromite ore

1 0 . The three reactions are as :

C
O (iii)
C(s) + O2  CO2 .....(i)
 CO2
+O2
2CO
C(S) + O2 CO2
 G° 2C (i)
2C(s) + O2  2CO .....(ii) (S
) +O
2 
2C
O

2CO + O2  2CO2 .....(iii) (ii)

T 983 K

Below 983 K reaction 2CO + O2  2CO2 is more favoured due to more negative G value thus CO is better
reducing agent than carbon.

Above 983 K, reaction 2C(s) + O2  2CO has more negative G than oxidation of CO to CO2, so carbon will
be better reducing agent.

1 1 . The following reactions take place.

4AlF3  4Al3+ + 12F–

12F–  12F + 12e

At cathode : 2Al2O3 + 12F  4AlF3 + 3O2

4C + 3O2  2CO + 2CO2

At Anode : 4Al3+ + 12e–  4Al 1

1 2 . A : MgO; B : MgCl2; C : MgCO3; D : MgO; E : CO2; F : CaCO3; G : MgSO4;

H : Mg(OH)2; I : Mg(NO3)2; J : NO2

EXERCISE–05 [A] PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS

1. Aluminium is extracted by the electrolysis of :-

(1) Bauxite [AlEEE-2002]

(2) Alumina
(3) Alumina mixed with molten cryolite
(4) Molten cryolite
2. Pyrolusite is a/an :- [AlEEE-2002]

(1) Oxide ore (2) Sulphide ore

(3) Carbide ore (4) Not an ore
3. Which one of the following ores is best concentrated by froth-flotation method : [AIEEE-2004]

(1) Galena (2) Cassiterite

(3) Magnetite (4) Malachite
4. Which of the following factors is of no significance for roasting sulphide ores to the oxides and not subjecting the
sulphide ores to carbon reduction directly ? [AlEEE-2008]

(1) Metal sulphides are thermodynamically more stable than CS2

(2) CO2 is thermodynamically more stable than CS2
(3) Metal sulphides are less stable than the corresponding oxides
(4) CO2 is more volatile than CS2
5. In context with the industrial preparation of hydrogen from water gas (CO + H2), which of the following is the
correct statement? [AlEEE-2008]

(1) CO and H2 are fractionally separated using differences in their densities

(2) CO is removed by absorption in aqueous Cu2Cl2 solution
(3) H2 is removed through occlusion with Pd
(4) CO is oxidised to CO2 with steam in the presence of a catalyst followed by absorption of CO2 in alkali
6. Which method of purification is represented by the following equation : [AlEEE-2012]
523K
Ti(s) + 2I2(g)  1700K
 TiI4(g)   Ti(s) + 2I2(g)
(1) Van Arkel
(2) Zone refining
(3) Cupellation
(4) Poling

P RE VIOU S Y EARS QU E STION S ANSWER KEY E XE R CISE -5 [A]

Q u e. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ans 3 1 1 3 4 1
EXERCISE–05 [B] PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS

1. When the ore haematite is burnt in air with coke around 2000°C alongwith lime, the process not only
produces steel but also produces a silicate slag, that is useful in making building materials such as cement.
Discuss the same and show through balanced chemical equation : [1998 ; 4M]
2. In the commercial electrochemical process for aluminium extraction, the electrolyte used as:[IIT-1999]
(A) Al(OH) 3 in NaOH solution
(B) An aqueous solution of Al 2 (SO 4) 3
(C) A molten mixture of Al 2 O 3 and Na 3 AlF 6
(D) A molten mixture of AlO(OH) and Al(OH) 3
3. Write the chemical reactions involved in the extraction of metallic silver from argentite. [IIT-2000]
4. Write down reactions involved in the extraction of Pb. What is the oxidation number of lead in litharge?
[IIT-2000]
5. The chemical process in the production of steel from haematite ore involve : [IIT-2000]
(A) Reduction (B) Oxidation
(C) Reduction followed by oxidation (D) Oxidation followed by reduction
6. Electrolyte reduction of alumina to aluminium by Hall-Heroult process is carried out : [IIT-2000]
(A) In the presence of NaCl
(B) In the presence of fluorite
(C) In the presence of cryolite which forms a melt with lower melting temperature
(D) In the presence of cryolite which forms a melt with higher melting temperature
7. The chemical composition of slag formed during smelting process in the extraction of Cu is :[IIT-2001]
(A) Cu 2 O + FeS (B) FeSiO 3 (C) CuFeS 2 (D) Cu 2 S + FeO
8. Which of the process is used in the extractive metallurgy of Mg : [IIT-2002]
(A) Fused salt electrolysis (B) Self reduction
(C) Aqueous solution electrolysis (D) Thermite reduction
–
9. Roasted gold ore + CN – + H 2 O 
 [X] + OH
O2 [IIT-2003]
[X] + Zn  [Y] + Au.
[X] and [Y] are :
(A) X = [Au(CN) 2 ] – ; Y = [Zn(CN) 4 ] 2– (B) X = [Au(CN) 4 ] 3– ; Y = [Zn(CN) 4 ] 2–
(C) X = [Au(CN) 2 ] – ; Y = [Zn(CN) 6 ] 4– (D) X = [Au(CN) 4 ] 3– ; Y = [Zn(CN) 6 ] 2–
10. The methods chiefly used for the extraction of lead and tin from their ores are respectively :[IIT-2004]
(A) self reduction and carbon reduction (B) self reduction and electrolytic reduction
(C) carbon reduction and self reduction (D) cyanide process and carbon reduction
11. Which ore contains both iron and copper? [IIT-2004]
(A) Cuprite (B) Chalcocite (C) Chalcopyrite (D) Malachite
12. A1 and A2 are two ores of metal M. A1 on calcination gives black precipitate, CO2 and water.[IIT-2004]
n Black solid + CO2 + H2O
tio a
lcin
Ca
A1 d
il. H
KI Cl
I2 + ppt.
Roasting K 2 Cr2 O 7
A 2   Metal  gas   Green Colour
H 2 SO 4

Identify A 1 and A 2 .
13. Match the column :

Column I Column II [IIT-2006]

(A) Self reduction (p) Lead

(B) Carbon reduction (q) Silver
(C) Complex formation and displacement by metal (r) Copper
(D) Decomposition of iodide (s) Boron

14. Extraction of zinc from zinc blende is achieved by : [IIT-2007]

(A) electrolytic reduction
(B) roasting followed by reduction with carbon
(C) roasting followed by reduction with another metal
(D) roasting followed by self-reduction

15. Match the column :

Column I Column II [IIT-2008]

(A) PbS  PbO (p) Roasting

(B) CaCO3  CaO (q) Calcination
(C) ZnS  Zn (r) Carbon reduction
(D) Cu2S  Cu (s) Self reduction

16. Native silver metal forms a water soluble complex with a dilute aqueous solution of NaCN in the presence of
(A) nitrogen (B) oxygen [IIT-2008]
(C) carbon dioxide (D) argon
Paragraph for questions 17 to 19
Copper is the most nobel of the first row transition metals and occurs in small deposits in several countries.
Ores of copper include chalcanthite (CuSO 4 . 5H 2O), atacamite (Cu 2Cl(OH) 3), cuprite (Cu 2O), copper glance
(Cu 2 S) and malachite (Cu 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 ). However, 80% of the world copper production comes from the ore
chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2). The extraction of copper from chalcopyrite involves partial roasting, removal of iron
and self-reduction.
17. Partial roasting of chalcopyrite produces :- [IIT-2010]
(A) Cu 2S and FeO (B) Cu 2O and FeO (C) CuS and Fe 2 O 3 (D) Cu 2 O and Fe 2 O 3
18. Iron is removed from chalcopyrite as :-
(A) FeO (B) FeS (C) Fe 2 O 3 (D) FeSiO 3
19. In self-reduction, the reducing species is :-
(A) S (B) O 2– (C) S 2– (D) SO 2
20. Extraction of metal from the ore cassiterite involves [IIT-2011]
(A) carbon reduction of an oxide ore (B) self-reduction of a sulphide ore
(C) removal of copper impurity (D) removal of iron impurity
21. Oxidation states of the metal in the minerals haematite and magnetite, respectively, are [IIT-2011]
(A) II, III in haematite and III in magnetite (B) II, III in haematite and II in magnetite
(C) II in haematite and II, III in magnetite (D) III in haematite and II, III in magnetite
22. In the cyanide extraction process of silver from argentite ore, the oxidizing and reducing agents used are :
(A) O 2 and CO respectively. (B) O 2 and Zn dust respectively. [IIT-2012]
(C) HNO 3 and Zn dust respectively. (D) HNO 3 and CO respectively.
23. Sulfide ores are common for the metals - [IIT-2013]
(A) Ag, Cu and Pb (B) Ag, Cu and Sn
(C) Ag, Mg and Pb (D) Al, Cu and Pb
24. The carbon-based reduction method is NOT used for the extraction of [IIT-2013]
(A) tin from SnO 2 (B) Iron from Fe 2O 3
(C) aluminium from Al 2O 3 (D) magnesium from MgCO 3 .CaCO 3

P RE VIOU S Y EARS QU E STION S ANSWER KEY E XE R CISE -5 [B]

1. Heamatite (Fe 2O3) on burning with coke and lime at 2000 K in blast furnace results in the following.
(i) Upper zone
(400°C to 700°C) Fe 2O 3 + 3CO  2Fe + 3CO 2
3Fe2O3 + CO  2Fe3O4 + CO2
Fe3O4 + CO  3FeO + CO2
FeO + CO  Fe + CO2
————————————————
This reaction occurs in following steps:
(ii) Middle zone
(800°C to 1000°C) C + CO 2  2CO
FeO + CO  Fe(s) + CO2
(iii) Upper lower zone Impure iron metals
(1200°C to 1500°C) CaO + SiO 2  CaSiO 3 (slag)
(iv) Lower zone Phosphates and silicates are reduced.
(1500°C to 1600°C) P and S pass into molten iron
C + O2  CO2
2. (C)
3. Ag2S + 4 NaCN 2Na[Ag(CN)2] + Na2S
Argentite (0.7% solution) sodium argentocyanide
2Na[Ag(CN) 2 ] + Zn  Na 2 [Zn(CN) 4] + 2Ag
This Na 2S is oxidised into Na 2SO 4 to avoid reversibility of reaction.
4Na 2S + 5O 2 + 2H 2O  2Na 2 SO 4 + 4NaOH + 2S

4. 2PbS + 3O2 2PbO + 2SO2

PbS + 2O2 PbSO4 Roasting

The roasted mineral is smelted into lead.

2PbO + PbS 3Pb + 3SO2

PbSO4 + PbS 2Pb + 2SO2 Smelting

This lead is purified by any suitable method. In litharge (PbO) oxidation state of lead is +2.

5.D 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. A

11. C 12. A 1 : Malachite A 2 : Copper glance 13. (A) p,r ; (B) p ; (C)  q ; (D) s
14. B 15. (A) p ; (B) q ; (C)  p,r ; (D) p,s 16. B 17. A
18. D 19. C 20. (A, C, D) 21. D 22. B
23. (A) 24. (C, D)