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Assignment of Galvanometer

This document provides information about a galvanometer, including its construction, types, and uses. It describes the key components of a galvanometer, including the moving coil, suspension, and mirror. It then discusses three main types of galvanometers: D'Arsonval type galvanometers, tangent galvanometers, and vibration galvanometers. For each type, it provides a brief overview of its construction and operating principle. The document is submitted by a student for a class assignment on instruments and measurements.

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Shahid Razzaq
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221 views5 pages

Assignment of Galvanometer

This document provides information about a galvanometer, including its construction, types, and uses. It describes the key components of a galvanometer, including the moving coil, suspension, and mirror. It then discusses three main types of galvanometers: D'Arsonval type galvanometers, tangent galvanometers, and vibration galvanometers. For each type, it provides a brief overview of its construction and operating principle. The document is submitted by a student for a class assignment on instruments and measurements.

Uploaded by

Shahid Razzaq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Submitted By:

SAADAT NAWAZ
BS Engineering Technology (ELECTRICAL)
Batch: fall_2016

Submitted To:
MS.Tehreem Nasir
Lecturar Instruments & Measurements
Submitted on:
22-11-2017

GALVANOMETER

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An electromechanical instrument use for detecting and indicating current.A
galvanometer is very sensitive meter , it takes only 100 µA to make the
galvanometer arrow move all the way across the scale.

Construction of the Galvanometer


Moving Coil :The moving coil is the current carrying part of the galvanometer.
It is rectangular or circular and has the number of turns of fine copper wire.
The coil is freely moved about its vertical axis of symmetry between the poles
of a permanent magnet. The iron core provides the low reluctance flux path
and hence provides the strong magnetic field for the coil to move in.

Suspension : The coil is suspended by a flat ribbon which carries the current to
the coil. The other current carrying coil is the lower suspension whose torque
effect is negligible. The upper suspension coil is made up of gold or copper wire
which is made in the form of a ribbon. The mechanical strength of the wire is
not very strong, and hence the galvanometers handle carefully without any
jerk.

Mirror : The suspension carries a small mirror which casts the beam of light.
The beam of light placed on the scale on which the deflection is measured.

Torsion Head :The torsion head is used for controlling the position of the coil
and for adjusting the zero setng.

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Types:

There are many types of this meter some are that


 D arsenal type galvanometer
 Tangent galvanometer
 Vibration galvanometer

D`arsonal type galvanometers.


Today the main type of galvanometer mechanism, still in use, is the moving
coil, D'Arsonval/Weston type.

As the current flows from + through the coil (the orange part) to −, a magnetic
field is generated in the coil. This field is counteracted by the permanent

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magnet and forces the coil to twist, moving the pointer, in relation to the field's
strength caused by the flow of current.
Modern galvanometers, of the D'Arsonval/Weston type, are constructed with a
small pivoting coil of wire in the field of a permanent magnet. The coil is
attached to a thin pointer that traverses a calibrated scale. A tiny torsion spring
pulls the coil and pointer to the zero position.
When a direct current (DC) flows through the coil, the coil generates a
magnetic field. This field acts against the permanent magnet. The coil twists,
pushing against the spring, and moves the pointer. The hand points at a scale
indicating the electric current. Careful design of the pole pieces ensures that
the magnetic field is uniform, so that the angular deflection of the pointer is
proportional to the current. A useful meter generally contains provision for
damping the mechanical resonance of the moving coil and pointer, so that the
pointer settles quickly to its position without oscillation.

Tangent galvanometer:
A tangent galvanometer is an early measuring instrument used for the
measurement of electric current. It works by using a compass needle to
compare a magnetic field generated by the unknown current to the magnetic
field of the Earth. It gets its name from its operating principle, the tangent law
of magnetism, which states that the tangent of the angle a compass needle
makes is proportional to the ratio of the strengths of the two perpendicular
magnetic fields. It was first described by Claude Pouillet in 1837.

Construction
A tangent galvanometer consists of a coil of insulated copper wire wound on a
circular non-magnetic frame. The frame is mounted vertically on a horizontal

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base provided with levelling screws. The coil can be rotated on a vertical axis
passing through its centre. A compass box is mounted horizontally at the centre
of a circular scale. It consists of a tiny, powerful magnetic needle pivoted at the
centre of the coil.

Vibration galvanometer
A vibration galvanometer is a type of mirror galvanometer, usually with a coil
suspended in the gap of a magnet or with a permanent magnet suspended in
the field of an electromagnet. The natural oscillation frequency of the moving
parts is carefully tuned to a specific frequency; commonly 50 or 60 Hz. Higher
frequencies up to 1 kHz are possible. Since the frequency depends on the mass
of the moving elements, high frequency vibration galvanometers are very small
with light coils and mirrors. The tuning of the vibration galvanometer is done
by adjusting the tension of the suspension spring

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