Name: ______________________ Block: _____ Date: _________

Coordinating Conjunctions
(FANBOYS)
Video: https://youtu.be/-catJZm_2TI
A coordinating conjunction is characterized by having an independent
clause (subject and verb) on both sides of the coordinating conjunction. Be
sure to put a comma before the coordinating conjunction. Subject + verb,
[coordinating conjunction] subject + verb. Example: Susan ate an entire
cake, yet she was still hungry. I wanted to travel all summer, but I ran out of
money.

Use the coordinating conjunctions below to combine the sentences.

for and nor but or yet so  

 
1. I wanted to backpack through Europe last summer. My mom told me I couldn’t.
______________________________________________________________________

2. Maria didn’t finish her essay. She did finish her math.
______________________________________________________________________

3. Julie bought her mom a sweater. Her mother loved it.

______________________________________________________________________

4. I am going to the beach. I worry about sunburn.

______________________________________________________________________

5. Jill spent all her money at the Banana Republic sale. She went back the next day for
more bargains.
______________________________________________________________________

6. You can take a cruise to Greece. You can travel to Mexico.

______________________________________________________________________

7. Ted didn’t have enough money to fly to Boston. He took the train.
______________________________________________________________________

8. She could not go to the show. She did not have enough money.
______________________________________________________________________

Use the coordinating conjunctions in these sentences below:

for and nor but or yet so 

1. I like swimming _______ I like badminton.

2. Everyone thought Ben was good at math, _________ he always got full marks in his
math tests.
3. I went to the park, _________ I went down the slide.
4. I don’t want to do my homework, ___________ do I want to practise the piano.
5. I’m going to do my homework tonight, __________ I might not be able to finish all of
it.
6. Will you go to the cinema, ________ will you go bowling this weekend?
7. Anna doesn’t like football ________ she is very skilful at it.
8. Sam ate banana _________ apple.
9. She went to the school, _______ she did not want to go.
10. It is raining, _______ we will stay inside.
 Adjective and Adverb Clauses
Video: https://youtu.be/HmEXlFY6pok
For items 1 through 10, underline the adjective or adverb clause that
modifies the boldfaced word(s). For items 11 through 14, underline once
the adjective or adverb clause and underline twice the word modified.

1. Yellow and blue, which are complementary colors, form white light when combined.

2. John, who is a painter, keeps a color wheel on his studio wall.

3. When you mix primary colors, you produce secondary colors.

4. The red apple appeared dark gray because the room was very dark.

5. You could not see the colored rings until he spun the black and white disk.

6. The discovery that white light contains all the colors was made by Isaac Newton.

7. Goethe, whose fame comes from his poetry, also developed color theories.

8. The terms that experts use to describe color are hue, saturation, and lightness.

9. Although dogs see the same objects we do, they cannot see colors.

10. Color photography, which most people use today, is based on light color theory.

11. You produce new colors whenever you blend groups of colors from the spectrum.

12. People who can see only white, gray, and black are called color blind.

13. Moise has been less sure of his sense of color since he was shown the optical
illusion.

14. The object that bends white light into beautiful color is called a prism.
 Adverb Clauses
Complex sentences contain subordinate clause may be one of three kinds. One kind
is the adverb clause.
An adverb clause is a subordinate clause used as an adverb. Adverb clauses, like
adverbs and adverb phrases, modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. They tell how,
when, where, and to what extent.

After he had typed the letter, Wayne proofread it carefully.

Texas is larger than California is.

​ Recognizing Adverb Clauses.​ ​Underline the adverb clause in each of these

complex sentences. Highlight the subject of the clause and bold the verb.

1. Please wipe your feet before you enter the room.

2. The nurse will inform us after the tests are completed.
3. Movies are more realistic than they used to be.
4. Sara quit because she found a better job with another agency.
5. The stranger offered to help when he saw the accident.
6. If a tornado approaches, you can take shelter in the basement.
7. Although Congress passed the bill, the President vetoed it.
8. The astronomers waited until the sky was completely dark.
9. When the roller coaster plunged over the top, everyone screamed.
10. Because three members were absent, the meeting was canceled.
11. Nashti ran as though his life depended on it.
12. The walls shook as the train rumbled past.
13. Traffic was diverted so that the crew could repair the road.
14. The zoo stays open later in the summer than it does in the winter.
15. Whenever I dial this number, I get a busy signal.
16. As the parade started, the sun came out and the sky cleared.
17. Many animals are friendly unless they are provoked.
18. Dinner will not be served until the Shaws arrive.
19. Phyllis locked the door of the supply room before she left.
20. Vicky can stay as long as she would like.

Adjective Clauses
The second kind of subordinate clause is the adjective clause. An adjective clause is
a subordinate clause used as an adjective to modify a noun or pronoun. Adjective
clauses, like adjectives or adjective phrases, tell what kind or which one. They usually
come directly after the words they modify.

This is the building where I lived.

The words that, which, who, whom, and whose often begin with adjective clauses.
They are called relative pronouns. They relate a clause, called a relative clause, to a
noun or pronoun in the sentence. Relative pronouns have three functions: (1) They
introduce adjective clauses. (2) They link the clause to a word in the main clause. (3)
They act as subject, object, or predicate pronoun within the adjective clause. They may
also be the object of a preposition in the clause. Whose functions as an adjective.

Delaware was the first state that signed the Constitution.

(That is the subject of signed.)

The woman with whom I worked has been promoted.

(Whom is the object of the preposition with.)

​ Recognizing Adjective Clauses.​ ​Underline the adjective clause in each of these

sentences. Highlight the subject of the clause and bold the verb.

1. The Federal Building, which is on Dearborn Street, is the testing center.

2. The answer that I had was right.
3. Students who wish to participate will be excused from classes.
4. Ms. Gray, who is president of the university, is a historian.
5. We bought the album that we heard at the party.
6. That is the house where Paul Revere lived.
7. The actor for whom the part was written is not available.
8. The yearbooks, which were ordered in November, have arrived.
9. The article was about Marguerite Perey, the scientist who discovered the
element Francium.
10. The ambassador whom the President appointed was sent to Austria.
11. Steve returned the tools that Maxine had loaned him.
12. Annette explained the figures that she had gathered.
13. George Lucas, whose films have won several Oscars, is making a new
movie.
14. The person who discovered radium was Marie Curie.
15. This is the place where the treasure was buried.
 Comparative and Superlative
Adjectives and Adverbs
Video: https://youtu.be/oZS7Jawv6F4
Directions: Write the correct form of the adjective or adverb for 
each sentence.  
 
1. Avery is a (good) __________________ swimmer than her best 
friend.  
 
2. Mrs. Fitz is the (short) _____________________ teacher in her 
school.  
 
3. Xander is (quiet) ______________________ than Xavier.  
 
4. Anthony is the (good) ____________________ soccer player of 
all.   
  
Directions: Write a sentence using the following comparative or 
superlative.  
 
5. (least favorite)   
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________  
6. (sadder)  
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________  
7. (hardest)  
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________  
 
Directions: Circle the adjective that makes the most sense in each 
sentence.  
 
8. Nate is (funny, funnier, funniest) than the boy in Mr. Ashton’s class.  
 
9. Football is (interesting, more interesting, the most interesting) than 
soccer.  
 
10. Amy is the (short, shorter, shortest) in her class.  

Gerunds and Infinitives

Video: https://youtu.be/PaXNVF7W2Aw
Fill in the correct form.
1. Mary enjoys ___________________ to music. (listen)
2. I don’t mind ___________________ the washing up. (do)
3. Irregular verbs are not easy ___________________ . (remember)
4. Mathew is really good at ___________________ . (cook)
5. She waited ___________________ a movie ticket. (buy)
6. The doctor encouraged his patients ___________________ healthy food. (eat)
7. My flat is easy ___________________ . (find)
8. She is interested in ___________________ a doctor. (become)
9. He is saving money ___________________ a new car. (buy)
10. When I met her I couldn’t help ___________________ her. (hug)
11. My favorite hobby is ___________________ . (cook)
12. My father helped me ___________________ my homework. (do)
13. I’m sick of ___________________ hamburgers every day. (eat)
14. It is important ___________________ the net for more information. (surf)
15. She advised me ___________________ a doctor as soon as possible. (see)
16. I don’t feel like ___________________ English today. (study)
17. Isabel got Mike ___________________ her car (wash)
18. ___________________ sport every day is good for your health. (do)
19. At last they decided ___________________ the apartment. (rent)
20. I pretended ___________________ asleep. (be)
21. Sheila stopped ___________________ hello to her friends. (say)
22. It’s no use ___________________ over spilt milk. (cry)
23. The following questions are easy ___________________ . (answer)
24. She told us where ___________________ the necessary material. (find)
25. Would you mind ___________________ this letter for me? (post)
26. They suggested ___________________ by bus. (travel)
27. We plan ___________________ to Europe this summer(go)
28. It was hard for her ___________________ smoking. (quit)
29. We were all happy about ___________________ the New Year in Vienna.
(celebrate)
30. It seems difficult ___________________ everything about the topic. (know)
31. Just avoid ___________________ unnecessary mistakes. (make)
32. Can you imagine ___________________ my car before we leave? (finish)
33. We are used ___________________ up early in the morning. (get)
34. She enjoys ___________________ . (paint)
35. I forgot ___________________ the door when I left. (lock)
36. I regret ___________________ you that your application was rejected. (inform)
37. We intend ___________________ you next spring. (visit)
38. I decided ___________________ more often. (exercise)
39. Mary keeps ___________________ about her problems. (talk)
40. Ireland doesn’t allow ___________________ in bars. (smoke)
41. Nancy seemed ___________________ disappointed. (be)
42. I can’t bear ___________________ so much responsibility. (have)
43. She is fond of ___________________ picnics. (have)
44. She promised ___________________ smoking. (stop)
45. They urge their citizens ___________________ more waste. (recycle)
46. John is thinking about ___________________ abroad. (study)
47. She considered ___________________ to New York. (move)
48. The aquarium needs ___________________ . (clean)
49. Tom agrees ___________________ me. (help)
50. She warned him ___________________ late. (not be)

Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers

Video: https://youtu.be/txK_5awcCnE
Dangling Modifiers are words or phrases that do not have a clear term to modify in a
sentence. Often, they can be found at the beginning of sentences, though they can also
appear at a sentence’s end. They frequently include an –ing word (gerund) and to +
verb (infinitive) phrase near the start of a sentence. Misplaced Modifiers are words or
phrases that do not clearly point to the word or phrase they modify, in this way
obscuring meaning.
Directions:​ In the blank beside each sentence, indicate whether that sentence contains
a dangling modifier (DM) or a misplaced modifier (MM). Then rewrite the sentence to
correct it. Check the answers by using the key below. Because rewritten sentences will
vary, have a writing counselor check your new sentences for you.
Examples:
a. At the age of six, my mother sang hymns to me. DM
Correction: When I was six, my mother sang hymns to me.
b. We were told at midnight the concert would begin. MM

Correction: We were told the concert would begin at midnight.

1. The car on the bridge which is green is mine. _____

2. Expecting confusion, our plans were made. _____
3. Feeling hot, sweaters were taken off. _____
4. I showed my dog to the veterinarian with the fleas. _____
5. Larry told me he was getting married that afternoon at night. _____
6. This typewriter is used by a secretary with a wide carriage. _____
7. Swimming out into the sea, the current grew stronger. _____
8. Walking along the bridge, a ship suddenly appeared. _____
9. The Honda was stalled on the road out of oil. _____
10. He kept a black book of all the girls he had dated in his desk. _____
11. On entering the room, the messages are easily seen. _____
12. While at the park, the sun shone brightly on the sunbathers. _____
13. Mary should jump at whatever is demanded quickly. _____
14. He kept all his medicine in the medicine cabinet that had been prescribed for him.
_____
15. When only a baby, Mom took me scuba diving. _____

Changing Passive Voice into

Active Voice
Video: https://youtu.be/HxUWJlAjf4A
Rule: ​When writing, your sentences should be active. That means you should
have the subject taking an action.
Passive/No: The material was shipped to Japan. Active/Yes: ​ ​The company shipped
the material to Japan.

Directions​: Rewrite the following sentences in active voice. The subject should be
performing the action. If there is no doer, add one.

The dishes were washed by Jane.

______________________________________________________________________

After the game we bought hamburgers for everyone.

______________________________________________________________________

During the intermission, our band played several numbers.

______________________________________________________________________

Alice broke her pen.

______________________________________________________________________

My computer was read by Miss Jones.

______________________________________________________________________

Jean broke her arm during a volleyball game.

______________________________________________________________________

Ruth washed and ironed her blouse.

______________________________________________________________________

The money was found under the floor.

______________________________________________________________________
Eleanor loves the Rolling Stones.

______________________________________________________________________

The officer did nothing about the accident.

______________________________________________________________________

John won the first-place tennis trophy.

______________________________________________________________________

Nancy baked and frosted the cake.

______________________________________________________________________

Jill lost the election.

______________________________________________________________________

Jean played tennis all morning.

______________________________________________________________________

My books were returned before class.

______________________________________________________________________

My window was broken by the storm.

______________________________________________________________________
Miniature elephants were collected by my sister.

______________________________________________________________________

Colette danced a tap dance in the variety show.

______________________________________________________________________
Nothing was accomplished by crying.

______________________________________________________________________

That video was seen three times.

______________________________________________________________________

Varying Sentence Beginnings

Video: https://youtu.be/odJBEnBeiM0
Compare the following versions of the same paragraph. In the first, each
sentence begins in the same way. In the second, an attempt has been
made to achieve emphasis and clarity by varying sentence beginnings.

NOT VARIED
The trial had been scheduled for two o’clock. The audience was nosily
settling itself in the courtroom for the coming show. The lawyers were
quietly talking and shuffling piles of papers at the polished tables in the
front of the room. The bell in the courthouse tower struck two in resounding
tones. Judge Perez, dignified in her long black gown, walked slowly to her
bench. The clerk rasped out, “Everyone rise.” The room seemed suddenly
to lift for a moment, and then it settled back into an eerie silence. The judge
opened the case of the People vs. John Strong in a manner, which seemed
to imply that such trials happened every day of her life.
VARIED
The trial had been scheduled for two o’clock. In the courtroom, the
audience was nosily settling itself for the coming show. At the polished
tables in the front of the room, the lawyers were quietly talking and shuffling
piles of papers. When the bell in the courthouse tower struck two in
resounding tones, Judge Perez, dignified in her long black gown, walked
slowly to her bench. “Everybody rise,” rasped the clerk. Suddenly the room
seemed to lift for a moment, and then it settled back into an eerie silence.
In a matter, which seemed to imply that these trials happened every day of
her life, the judge opened the case of the People vs. John Strong.