Intro ConTemp Thesis

TRECE MARTIRES CITY COLLEGE
Trece-Indang Rd. Brgy. Luciano, Trece Martires City, Cavite.

Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Curfew is an order specifying a time during which certain regulations apply.
Typically, it refers to the time when individuals are required to return to and stay in their
homes. Such an order may be issued by public authorities but also within the household.
For instance, a girl is given more attention it terms of staying late outside due to present
social condition. The word “Curfew” comes from the French phrase “Couvre-feu”, which
means “Fire cover”. Its orginal meaning refers to a law made by William Conqueror as
cited by _______(yr).
The first curfew in the Philippines was implemented in August 21, 1972,
President Ferdinand Marcos announced that he was lifting the nightly curfew and the
travel ban as his first step towards relaxing the restrictions imposed under martial law.
When President Marcos declared martial law on September 21, 1972 by virtue of
Proclamation No. 1081, it curtailed press freedom and other civil liberties, closed down
Congress and media establishments, and affected the arrest of opposition leaders and
militant activist. Today in Philippine History, August 22, 1977, the nightly curfew,
imposed under the martial law was lifted. The declaration of martial law was initially
well received, given the social turmoil the Philippines was then experiencing, including
the re-emergence of the communist movement. Among its desirable results was the
significant reduction of the crime rate after a nightly curfew was implemented
nationwide. Marcos eventually lifted martial law on January 17, 1981.

Curfew is gone for a long time ago. However, on February 13, 2017, Philippine
National Police Chief Ronald “Bato” De La Rosa said a curfew for minors should be
implemented to prevent the youth from getting involved in crimes, “It has been the
source of frustration for the PNP for a long time” De La Rosa told reporters. Based on his
experience, drug lords use minors in their activities because these children get away
lightly unlike adults who get punished drastically and are fined heavily. The Juvenile
Justice Act of 2006, that Sen. Francis Pangilinan sponsored, states that minors who
commit and participate in crimes will not receive any jail sentence for their acts but are to
be taken under the custody of the government through the custody of the government
through the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD). The PNP Chief
said the law is also a “source of frustration” because it gives protection to juvenile
delinquents De La Rosa recounted his experience as a police chief in Davao City When a
drug lord used minors to deliver drugs in exchange for money for playing video games.
“Those kids are being used for criminal activities. I discovered a drug lord who used to
go an internet café to observe kids hooked on video games. When these kids lose, they
desperately look for money to continue playing. When he sees the minor frustrated over
the lack of money, the drug lord approaches the kid, talks to him then gives the minor
P1,000, to deliver a cake. That cake, it turns out is loaded with shabu. These kids become
shabu couriers in Davao” he said. Two bills on enforcing a curfew for minors- House Bill
(HB) 894 and the HB 7110- are in the process of being approved in Congress. Both bills
aim to implement a 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. curfew for minors.

Their parents will be held accountable if their children are caught in the streets during
these hours. President Rodrigo Duterte previously supported the idea of implementing a
curfew for minors.
He said that it will not only prevent them from commiting crimes, it would also
protect them from predators victimizing them or using them for their crimes.
Daang Amaya 2 is community located in Tanza, Cavite with an estimated
population of 2000 families. As is was located strategically in the heart of Tanza, Cavite
nearby communities often take stop in the area specially young ones below 18 years old.
Barangay officials always in action due to trouble cause by teenagers such as
street fight, drugs, robberies, alarm and scandal due to heavy drinking.
Because of this repeated incident the Barangay Official decided to have a Curfew
from 10pm to 4am to regulate and control disturbance cause by teenagers roaming around
during night.
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to ascertain the advantages and disadgvantages of the
implementation of Curfew hours as perceived by the respondents of selected Barangays
of Tanza,Cavite.
Specially, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Sex
1.3 Length of stay in the brgy
1.4 Length of service (for brgy officials)
2. What are the advantages and dis-advantages of curfew?
a. Index Crime
b. Non-index Crime
Significance of the Study
Results of this study would benefit the implementation of curfew hours in as
implemented by the Local Government Units. Specifically, this would benefit the
following:
Local Government Units.
Barangay Officials.
Residents.
Future Researchers.
Barangay officials start receiving complains from communities specially parents
of the victim some of them had physical injuries and to the extreme they get hospitalized
due to severe contusion. As the for the Barangay Official want to resolve this issue for
the community not to elevate it to the Law enforcer such as PNP they come up with the
Curfew solution to control the crowd during at night. With this ordinance the Barangay
Official reach out to DSWD for all the teenagers below 18 years old that are repeatedly
violating the said ordinance it was indeed a collaboration of families, Barangay Officials
and DSWD as for the success of the implementation.

Scope And Limitation
The scope of this study focused on the advantage and dis-advantage of curfew
selected barangays in Tanza, Cavite and is only limited within the barangay. Data
collection was conducted on __________2019.
Definition Of Terms
Curfew is a law, regulation, or ordinance that forbids particular people or
particular classes of people from being outdoors in public places at certain specified
times of the day.
Residents.
Barangay officials.
Acronyms
BRGY - Barangay
HDC - Home Detention Curfew
BCPC - Barangay Council for the Protection of Children
CICL - Children In Conflict with the Law
DSWD - Department of Social Welfare and Development
CWC - Council for the Welfare of Children
CRC - Convention on the Rights of the Child

Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter discusses the literature and studies of foreign and local authors as well as
the synthesis of the related studies which describe the significance or relevance that is
vital bearing on the present study. The researchers gathered various studies from both
foreign and local to guide them in the analysis of data
Related Literatures
Macairan (2005) Alarmed by the frequent police reports of youth gang wars in the
capital, Manila Mayor Lito Atienza ordered barangay officials yesterday to revive and
strictly implement the curfew on minors. Atienza instructed Barangay Bureau director
Norberto Enriquez to direct all the barangay chairmen in the city to re-enforce Manila
City Ordinance 8046 which strictly prohibited minors (17 years old and below) from
loitering in the streets from 10 p.m. until 4 a.m.
Brass, (2006) Arguments to justify the Northbridge curfew claimed that a curfew would
protect young people from harm, and also protect adults from harms caused by young
people
Schaller (2010) In the study of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as cited in the study of
psychological science of Schaller, safety needs in Maslow's hierarchy refer to the need
for security and protection. When people have their physiological needs for food and
water met, their safety needs dominate their behavior. These needs have to do with their
natural desire for a predictable, orderly world that is somewhat within man’s control.
Safety needs in today's world can manifest themselves as job security, savings accounts,
insurance policies, financial security, and health and well-being. Taking the account to
consider the stages of needs of human person safety is included.
Feigl (2012) In the study of mental science by Feigl, a number of objections to Mind-
Brain Type Identity, some a great deal stronger than others, began circulating soon after
the publication of Smart's 1959 article. Perhaps the weakest were those of the
epistemological variety. It has been claimed, for example, that because people have had
(and still do have) knowledge of specific mental states while remaining ignorant as to the
physical states with which they are correlated, the former could not possibly be identical
with the latter. The obvious response to this type of objection is to call attention to the
contingent nature of the proposed identities of course we have different conceptions of
mental states and their correlated brain states, or no conception of the latter at all, but that
is just because (as Feigl made perfectly clear) the language we use to describe them have
different meanings. The contingency of mind-brain identity relations also serves to
answer the objection that since presently accepted correlations may very well be
empirically invalidated in the future, mental states and brain states should not be viewed
as identical.
Hernandez et al. (2013) The Philippines has a good number of laws, policies and
programs on child protection, albeit with limited funds and trained personnel. A number
of these laws and policies impact on the prevention of child maltreatment although very
few are directly related to primary prevention.

There was a disparity between what is required by national laws and policies; and actual
implementation of programs on child protection. With the devolution of health and social
services, implementation and support for programs depended on the interests and
priorities of local executives.
Freeman (2016) Curfews are not only good for keeping youngsters out of harm, they
are also helpful in reviving long forgotten family lives by keeping them home. Many of
the bad things that have befallen the young are almost always the result of a breakdown
in family closeness and relations.
Related Studies
MacArthur (2007) In the first stage of a moral panic, the scale of supposed problem is
exaggerated in the media, so that readers and listeners believe that it is something that
will have an immediate, severe and detrimental effect on their own lives unless
something is done. In relation to the origins of the Northbridge Policy, this is well
documented by MacArthur.
Miller (2012), they that found that juvenile curfew laws were effective at reducing
adverse youth health outcomes (e.g., trauma transports); juvenile crime; and victimization
were of higher quality (e.g., stronger methodological approaches) than those finding no
effects. However, given the limited number of studies and concerns with quality, they
conclude that more research is needed before conclusions can be drawn about the
effectiveness of juvenile curfew laws.

Vasquez, (2012) Juveniles are Juvenile curfew laws are designed to prevent crimes
committed by young people and from preventing young people from becoming victims of
crimes themselves. These laws limit the time in which juveniles are allowed in public.
Expected to be off the streets and in their homes after certain hours of the day. Juvenile’s
curfew laws require the assistance of community members as well as law enforcement for
the curfew to be effective. These laws are not just intended to prevent crime or
victimization, but to deter young people from becoming a delinquent.
Creswell, (2013) This outcome, however, depends upon careful cross-comparison of
different types of data from multiple sources and perspectives. This facilitates
triangulation, and enables researchers to capture both complexity and contradictions, and
to present different perspectives on how programs work and their strengths and
limitations.
Duncklee (2015) Laws are in existence to keep people safe and out of harm’s way.
Ideally, people will not be injured physically, financially, or emotionally if people
followed all the laws. Realistically, not all laws are followed and officials resort to
creating laws to combat lawlessness. As a way to reduce juvenile crime, cities throughout
the United States have imposed curfew laws for minors. The goal of these laws is to deter
the youth from committing crimes and while this goal is admirable, these laws may no
longer be necessary or even effective.

Jimenez, (2016) Curfew laws have serious unintended consequences, including
disproportionate minority contact, the criminalization of homeless and runaway youth,
worsening outcomes for kids and the exposure of cities to lawsuits for
unconstitutionality. Local decision-makers should consider taking the following actions
in order to ensure that their curfews protect rather than harm young people in their cities
Doleac, (2015) Juvenile curfews aim to reduce crime through incapacitation: if we tell
young people to go home earlier at night, we hope they will have less opportunity to get
into trouble. Juvenile curfews are extremely common in the United States most large
cities have them, as do many smaller cities and towns. They typically apply to those
under age 18, and the punishment for breaking curfew is usually a fine. Despite their
ubiquity, juvenile curfews are extremely controversial, mostly because of concerns that
police disproportionately target racial minorities when enforcing curfew laws.

Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research methodology and processes which were employed in
this study. It expounded on the following research method respondents of the study
research instrument research procedure and the necessary statistic tools.
Research Design
The study is essentially Descriptive Research where quantifiable information was
used to statistical inference on the target audience. A systematic description of the
particular situation or area of concern which aimed to assess the deterrent effects of
curfew in chosen community of Tanza, Cavite. Furthermore, a survey using devised
questionnaire on the said issue with the interaction of the government implementation,
specially pertaining to the curfew and prohibiting habitual disturbances was likewise
fully utilized.
Sampling Design/Technique
The researcher use the Square Root of 10 method of sampling this was done to
determine in which particular data you will use to validate how the information is being
selected.
Research Locale
The study will be conducted in Barangays of Tanza, Cavite. The said community
imposed and observed the curfew which is an indicator of a possible target place of study
in gathering the desired outcome and objectives in assessing the deterrent effects of
curfew.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers will follow the procedure in gathering data in systematic ways to
analyze the data gathered to come up with an answer.
1. With formality the researchers will send a request to TMG in Barangays of
Tanza, Cavite in order to seek approval in gather data.
2. Upon approval, data from TMG in Barangays of Tanza, Cavite will be asked by
the researchers.
3. The researchers will collect all instruments and data for analysis and
interpretation.
Statistical Analysis
The statistical tool listed below was utilized in order to anser problems the
problems raised in Chapter 1, statement of the problem:

Formula:
P= F/N x 100
Where
P= Pecentage (%)
F= Formula (E)
N= No. of Respondents
100= Constant
In Determining the CURFEW: An avenue in instilling discipline, chi square test
of goodness was used. The formula for chi square test of goodness is
(𝑂 − 𝐸) 2
𝑥2 = ∑
Where
O = the observed or obtained frequency
E = the expected of theoretical frequency

Chapter 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Demographic Profile
The profile of the respondents included age, sex and how long in service.
Age. Table 1 shows the distribution of respondents in terms of age. The table
reveals that out of 88 respondents 17 or 25 percent were within range of 35-40 years of
age; 29 or 31 percent within range of 41-50 years of age; and 42 or 44 percent were
within range of 51 and above years of age. Majority of the respondents were within the
range of 51 and above years of age.
Table 1 Distribution of the Respondents by Age
AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
35-40 17 25%
41-50 29 31%
51 and above 42 44%
TOTAL 88% 100%
Gender. Table 1.1 shows the distribution of respondents in terms of gender. The
table below reveals that out of 88 respondents 52 or 60 percent are male and 36 or 40
percent are female. The result shows that majority of the respondents are male.
SEX FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Male 52 60%
Female 36 40%
TOTAL 88% 100%
Table 1.1 Distribution of the Respondents by Gender
How Long in Service. Table 1.2 shows that out of 88 respondents 49 or 52 percent
male were how long in service; 39 or 48 percent female were how long in service. The
table below that majority of the respondents are male.
Table 1.2 Distribution of the Respondents by How Long in Service
HOW LONG IN SERVICE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Male 49 52%
Female 39 48%
TOTAL 88% 100%

RESULTS AND DATA ANALYSIS IN SURVEY
STATEMENT SA A D SD TOTAL
Curfew cause teenagers to become rebellious. 7 34 41 5
(8%) (39%) (47%) (6%) 100%
Curfew may imposed not only on teenagers but 25 32 26 5
everyone in the whole community. (28%) (36%) (30%) (6%) 100%
Parents should ask th barangay officials or other
law enforcement agencies on what curfew can 26 51 4 6
bring to the community or in their children. (30%) (58%) (5%) (7%) 100%
Teens have to obey curfew rules. 42 32 7 5
(48%) (37%) (8%) (6%) 100%
Curfew really works to help law enforcement 22 39 18 10
agencies to control crime. (25%) (44.31%) (20%) (11.36%) 100%
Curfew can be a tool to lessen the crime rate at 32 28 12 16
night. (36%) (32%) (14%) (18%) 100%
Barangay that imposed curfew can control 24 46 18 1
teenager not to involve to any crime. (27%) (52%) (20%) (1%) 100%
It should be the government’s responsibility to set 21 29 32 5
a curfew for all teenagers. (24%) (33%) (37%) (6%) 100%
Parents should not depend on curfew if their 19 22 18 30
children is not at home at night time. (21%) (25%) (20%) (34%) 100%
Juveniles do more crime in times of curfew hours. 12 28 43 6
(13%) (31%) (49%) (7%) 100%

Chapter 5
Conclusions and Recommendations
This chapter is the prenstation of conclusions and recommendations based on the
results of the Curfew: An Avenue in Instilling Discipline at Barangay Daang Amaya II,
Tanza, Cavite: An Evaluation.
Conclusions
Base on the study, the following conclusions were formulated. The respondents
are all male, Majority of them are 51 and above years of age Most of the respondents 52-
48% are in long service community.
Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusions the following recommended:
1. To the Barangay Officials
Conduct more seminars for proper and stricter implementation of their
imposed programs.
2. To the Municipality of Tanza
3. To the Patrol
Conduct seminars and Campaign for the Patrol regarding curfew rules and
regulations like using social media and coordinating education efforts in high schools.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
I. Literatures
Macairan (2005) Strictly enforce curfew
Brass (2006) “Curfews have a long history and have been applied for various
purposes including political repression”
Schaller, M. (2010). "Renovating the pyramid of needs: Contemporary extensions
built upon ancient foundations". Perspectives on Psychological Science.
Feigl, H. (2012). The "Mental" and the "Physical," The Essay and a Postscript
Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press
Hernandez (2013) Growth performance and expression of immune-regulatory
genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles fed extruded diets with varying
levels of lupin
Freeman (2016) 14 curfew violators
II. Studies
MccArthur (2007) “Why Youth (Heart) Social Network Sites: The Role of
Networked Public”
Miller (2012) “The Impact of Juvenile Curfew Laws on Arrests of Youth and
Adults”
Vasquez (2012) “Abstract: Juveniles curfew laws are establish to reduce criminal
behavior committed by juveniles.”
Creswell (2013) QUALITATIVE INQUIRY AND RESEARCH DESIGN
Dunklee (2015) “Are Curfew Laws For Minors Truly Effective In Ending Juvenile
Crime: Case Study”
Doleac (2015) “Repealing juvenile curfew laws could make cities safer”Case
Study

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TRECE MARTIRES CITY COLLEGE

Trece-Indang Rd. Brgy. Luciano, Trece Martires City, Cavite.

Background of the Study

Curfew is an order specifying a time during which certain regulations apply.

nationwide. Marcos eventually lifted martial law on January 17, 1981.

aim to implement a 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. curfew for minors.

curfew for minors.

Daang Amaya 2 is community located in Tanza, Cavite with an estimated

Barangay officials always in action due to trouble cause by teenagers such as

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to ascertain the advantages and disadgvantages of the

implementation of Curfew hours as perceived by the respondents of selected Barangays

Specially, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.3 Length of stay in the brgy

1.4 Length of service (for brgy officials)

2. What are the advantages and dis-advantages of curfew?

Significance of the Study

Results of this study would benefit the implementation of curfew hours in as

Local Government Units.

Barangay officials start receiving complains from communities specially parents

and DSWD as for the success of the implementation.

Scope And Limitation

collection was conducted on __________2019.

Curfew is a law, regulation, or ordinance that forbids particular people or

times of the day.

HDC - Home Detention Curfew

BCPC - Barangay Council for the Protection of Children

CICL - Children In Conflict with the Law

DSWD - Department of Social Welfare and Development

CWC - Council for the Welfare of Children

CRC - Convention on the Rights of the Child

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

foreign and local to guide them in the analysis of data

loitering in the streets from 10 p.m. until 4 a.m.

consider the stages of needs of human person safety is included.

contingent nature of the proposed identities of course we have different conceptions of

different meanings. The contingency of mind-brain identity relations also serves to

few are directly related to primary prevention.

priorities of local executives.

in family closeness and relations.

effectiveness of juvenile curfew laws.

victimization, but to deter young people from becoming a delinquent.

Creswell, (2013) This outcome, however, depends upon careful cross-comparison of

Ideally, people will not be injured physically, financially, or emotionally if people

longer be necessary or even effective.

Jimenez, (2016) Curfew laws have serious unintended consequences, including

disproportionate minority contact, the criminalization of homeless and runaway youth,

unconstitutionality. Local decision-makers should consider taking the following actions

police disproportionately target racial minorities when enforcing curfew laws.

research instrument research procedure and the necessary statistic tools.

The study is essentially Descriptive Research where quantifiable information was

used to statistical inference on the target audience. A systematic description of the

curfew in chosen community of Tanza, Cavite. Furthermore, a survey using devised

Data Gathering Procedure

analyze the data gathered to come up with an answer.

1. With formality the researchers will send a request to TMG in Barangays of

Tanza, Cavite in order to seek approval in gather data.

problems raised in Chapter 1, statement of the problem: