Soil Consolidation Test

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 5

SOIL CONSOLIDATION TEST

ABSTRACT:-
The main idea of carrying out consolidation test of clay soil was to determine nature of soil
foundation before erection of any structure. Through getting to now percentage of void ratio,
engineer on the site will easily make decisions on whether the soils should be replaced with a
different one before s structure is put in place. In this case, clients will be saving a lot of cash
because chances of structural failure and collapse will have been reduced.

INTRODUCTION:-
Consolidation is the process of time –dependant settlement of saturated clayey soil when
subjected to an increased loading. In this chapter the procedure for a one-dimensional lab.
Consolidation test will be described, and methods of calculation to obtain the void ratio-
pressure curve (e vs. log p), the preconsolidation pressure, (pc) and the coefficient of
consolidation (cv) will be outlined

OBJECTIVE:-
The procedure for one - dimensional laboratory consolidation test will be described, and
calculation of obtaining the void ratio - pressure curve, pre-consolidation pressure, and the
coefficient of consolidation (Cv).

EQUIPMENT:-
 Consolidation unit.
 Specimen trimming device.
 Wire saw.
 Balance sensitive to 0.01 g.
 Stop watch.
 Moisture can.7.Oven.

PROCEDURE:-
 Prepare a soil specimen by molding a moist soil (this will represent the sample that is
supposed to be recovered from a site using a Shelby tube).
 Collect part of the soil in a moisture can for moisture content, 𝜔1 determination
 Determine the mass M1 of the consolidation ring
 Place the soil specimen in the consolidation ring and trim the specimen flush with the
top and bottom of the consolidation ring. Record the height, H and diameter, D of the
specimen
 Determine the M2 of the consolidated ring and the specimen
 Put the lower porous stone on the base of the consolidometer and place the soil
specimen in the ring over the lower porous stone
 Place the upper porous stone on the specimen in the ring
 Place the consolidometer in the loading device
 Attach the vertical deflection dial gauge to measure the compression of the soil
 Apply load to the soil specimen and take the dial readings at the respective time
specified on the data sheet. The loads to be applied on a daily basis are also specified
on the data sheet. Also note the days designated for unloading the soil specimen
 At the end of the 11th day, remove the soil specimen and determine the moisture
content and the mass of oven dry soil Ms. Mass of dry soil, Ms can also be
determined using :

𝑀s =

OBSERVATION AND CALCULATIONS:


Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Load(kg) 3 6 12 24 48 96 48 24 12 48 144
D50 (cm) 0.053 0.0665 0.095 0.124 0.170 0.2145 0.2185 0.214 0.211 0.2165 0.238
log t50 1.2 0.76 1.76 1.66 1.66 1 1.24 0 -0.86 2.8 1.62
t50 (min) 12.59 5.624 56.24 44.678 44.678 7.953 16.992 0 0.151 501.197 40.74
Hdr 0.985 0.976 0.963 0.948 0.925 0.908 0.902 0.903 0.904 0.902 0.891
Cv 0.0158 0.0336 0.0041 0.0048 0.0048 0.030 0.0102 0 1.126 0.0013 0.0047

Day 1 , Day 2 , Day 3 , Day 4 , Day 5 , Day 6 , Day 7 , Day 8 , D


Elapsed 1 kg 2 kg 4 kg 8 kg 16 kg 32 kg 16 kg 8 kg
Reading Clock
Time
# Time 3 6 12 24 48 96 48 24
(Mins)
kN/m^2 kN/m^2 kN/m^2 kN/m^2 kN/m^2 kN/m^2 kN/m^2 kN/m^2 k
1 0 ##### 0 0.06 0.087 0.11 0.158 0.2 0.22 0.21
2 0.1 -2.3 0.04 0.06 0.087 0.11 0.16 0.2 0.22 0.21
3 0.25 -1.39 0.05 0.06 0.087 0.11 0.161 0.2 0.22 0.21
4 0.5 -0.69 0.05 0.06 0.087 0.12 0.161 0.21 0.22 0.21
5 1 0 0.05 0.07 0.088 0.12 0.162 0.21 0.22 0.21
6 2 0.693 0.05 0.07 0.089 0.12 0.163 0.21 0.22 0.21
7 4 1.386 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.12 0.165 0.21 0.22 0.21
8 8 2.079 0.05 0.07 0.091 0.12 0.166 0.21 0.22 0.21
9 15 2.708 0.05 0.07 0.091 0.12 0.167 0.21 0.22 0.21
10 30 3.401 0.05 0.07 0.092 0.12 0.168 0.21 0.22 0.21
11 60 4.094 0.05 0.07 0.093 0.12 0.169 0.22 0.22 0.21
12 120 4.787 0.05 0.07 0.094 0.12 0.171 0.22 0.22 0.21
13 360 5.886 0.05 0.07 0.096 0.13 0.174 0.22 0.22 0.21
14 1200 7.09 0.05 0.07 0.1 0.13 0.176 0.22 0.22 0.21
15 1440 7.272 0.06 0.07 0.1 0.13 0.177 0.22 0.22 0.21

0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
0.05
0.055
0.06
0.065
0.07
0.075 Series1
0.08
0.085 Series2
0.09
0.095 Series3
0.1
0.105 Series4
0.11
0.115 Series5
0.12
0.125 Series6
0.13
0.135
0.14 Series7
0.145
0.15 Series8
0.155
0.16 Series9
0.165
0.17 Series10
0.175
0.18 Series11
0.185
0.19
0.195
0.2
0.205
0.21
0.215
0.22
0.225
0.23
0.235 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
0.24

Pressure, σ Void Ratio,


Day ∆H, (cm)
(kN/m2) e
1 3 0.0551 0.01
2 6 0.0183 0.00
3 12 0.0135 -0.01
4 24 0.0196 -0.02
5 48 0.0183 -0.03
6 96 0.0203 -0.04
7 48 -0.0003 -0.04
8 24 -0.0005 -0.04
9 12 -0.0038 -0.04
10 48 0.0013 -0.04
11 144 0.0081 -0.04

Moisture Content Determination


Initial Final
Mass of can + wet soil 0.59 Mass of ring 0
Mass of ring +
Mass of can + dry soil 0.575 specimen 120
Mass of ring + dry
Mass of water 0.015 specimen 65
Mass of can 0.47 Mass of water 55
Mass of dry
Mass of dry Soil 0.105 specimen 65
Water content, w% 14.29 Water content, w% 84.61538
Mass of ring, M1 65
Mass of ring+specimen, M2 180
Mass of Dry Soil, Ms 100.63
Height of solid, Hs 1.93
Height of void, Hv 0.07
Initial void ratio, e0 0.0356

Initial
void
D50 (cm) t50 (min) H Hdr CV Ms Area Hs Hv ratio
0.053 1.2 2 0.97 0.156 100.63 20.42 1.85963 0.14 0.075
0.0665 0.76 2 0.97 0.242 100.63 20.42 1.85963 0.14 0.075
0.095 1.76 2 0.95 0.102 100.63 20.42 1.85963 0.14 0.075
0.124 1.66 2 0.94 0.104 100.63 20.42 1.85963 0.14 0.075
0.17 1.66 2 0.92 0.099 100.63 20.42 1.85963 0.14 0.075
0.2145 1 2 0.89 0.157 100.63 20.42 1.85963 0.14 0.075
0.2185 1.24 2 0.89 0.126 100.63 20.42 1.85963 0.14 0.075
0.214 0 2 0.89 ##### 100.63 20.42 1.85963 0.14 0.075
0.211 -0.86 2 0.89 -0.18 100.63 20.42 1.85963 0.14 0.075
0.2165 2.8 2 0.89 0.056 100.63 20.42 1.85963 0.14 0.075
0.238 1.62 2 0.88 0.094 100.63 20.42 1.85963 0.14 0.075

e2 = 0.047479, and e1 = 0.056686, and σ2/σ1 = 2,

So Cc = mod [(e2-e1)/ log (σ2/σ1)] = 0.030583905,


CR = Cc/ (1+e0) = 0.029531941

Cr = (e3kg reload – e6kg reload)/log(σ16kg reloaad/σ4kg reload) = 0.002109424

RR = Cr/(1+e0) = 0.002184565

CONCLUSION:
The settlement pattern of the soil (<4mm) upon compression revealed the soil to be clayey in
nature, thus maintaining its consistency and resisting settlement. Besides the compression
index value is too low (<0.3) indicating more soft clayey nature in soil. Moreover the sources
of error in this experiment are measuring the weights of soil sample from digital balance. The
soil samples might not be fully saturated, soil specimens not homogenous or trapping of air
bubbles in soil. Imperfections in the drining apparatus leading to partial dissipation of pore
water pressure.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy