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    Computer Organization CS1403

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    Swetha
    This document outlines the topics that will be covered in a computer organization course. It will discuss the fundamentals of how computers work at the hardware level, including processor design, memory, input/output, and performance optimization techniques. The goal is for students to understand how computer systems are built and analyze their performance, as well as common issues in modern processor design. Key topics will include instruction set architecture, arithmetic logic units, pipelining, caches, virtual memory, and the relationships between software, hardware abstraction, and their interfaces.

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    Computer Organization CS1403

    Uploaded by

    Swetha
    85 views20 pages
    This document outlines the topics that will be covered in a computer organization course. It will discuss the fundamentals of how computers work at the hardware level, including processor design, memory, input/output, and performance optimization techniques. The goal is for students to understand how computer systems are built and analyze their performance, as well as common issues in modern processor design. Key topics will include instruction set architecture, arithmetic logic units, pipelining, caches, virtual memory, and the relationships between software, hardware abstraction, and their interfaces.

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    computer organization

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    1 Introduction

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    This document outlines the topics that will be covered in a computer organization course. It will discuss the fundamentals of how computers work at the hardware level, including processor design, memory, input/output, and performance optimization techniques. The goal is for students to understand how computer systems are built and analyze their performance, as well as common issues in modern processor design. Key topics will include instruction set architecture, arithmetic logic units, pipelining, caches, virtual memory, and the relationships between software, hardware abstraction, and their interfaces.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    85 views20 pages

    Computer Organization CS1403

    Uploaded by

    Swetha
    This document outlines the topics that will be covered in a computer organization course. It will discuss the fundamentals of how computers work at the hardware level, including processor design, memory, input/output, and performance optimization techniques. The goal is for students to understand how computer systems are built and analyze their performance, as well as common issues in modern processor design. Key topics will include instruction set architecture, arithmetic logic units, pipelining, caches, virtual memory, and the relationships between software, hardware abstraction, and their interfaces.

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    Computer Organization

    CS1403
    This Lecture:
    • Text Books
    • Prerequisites
    • What we are going to study?
    • Why this course is there in syllabus?
    – Rather…Why we should study this?
    • What is Computer Organizaton and Architecture ?
    • The course structure.

    Mayank Pandey, MNNIT, Allahabad, India


    Text Books
    • Stalling W., Computer Organizaton & Architecture, 7th
    Editon, Pearson Educaton India, 2010
    • Hamacher C. etal, Computer Organizaton, 5th Editon,
    McGrawHill, 2002
    • Henneyssy J. L., Paterson D., Computer Organizaton
    And Design: The Hardware/Sofware Interface, Morgan
    Kaufmann, 2008

    Mayank Pandey, MNNIT, Allahabad, India


    Prerequisites
    • Require Knowledge of
    – Number System
    • Decimal, Binary, their inter-conversion etc.
    – Digital Logic
    • Boolean Algebra, Karnaugh Maps, Logic Gates,
    Sequental and Combinatonal circuits
    – Data Structure and C/C++ Programming
    – Probability and Mathematcs (10+2 stuff

    Mayank Pandey, MNNIT, Allahabad, India


    Course Objectves
    • To learn ‐
    – How computers work, basic principles
    – How to analyze their performance
    – How computers are designed and built
    – Issues afectng modern processors
    • (caches, pipelines, etc.f

    Mayank Pandey, MNNIT, Allahabad, India


    Why to study this course?
    • Embarrassing if you are a BTech in CS/IT and
    can’t
    – make sense of the following terms: DRAM,
    pipelining, cache hierarchies, I/O, virtual memory
    – decide which processor to buy: 3 GHz P4 or 2.5
    GHz Athlon
    • Obvious frst step for chip designers, compiler/
    OS writers

    Mayank Pandey, MNNIT, Allahabad, India


    What is Computer?
    • Input (mouse, keyboard, …f
    • Output (display, printer, …f
    • Memory Input
    – main (DRAMf, cache (SRAMf
    – secondary (disk,
    CD, DVD, …f Output
    • Datapath Processor Processor
    • Control (CPU)
    Control
    Memory
    1001010010110000
    0010100101010001
    1111011101100110
    1001010010110000
    Datapath 1001010010110000
    1001010010110000

    Mayank Pandey, MNNIT, Allahabad, India


    What is Computer Organizaton?
    • Is it?
    • The processor (CPUf…
    • datapath
    • Control

    • Or is it memory, I/O
    • …implemented using millions of transistors
    • …impossible to understand by looking at individual
    transistors
    • we need...

    Mayank Pandey, MNNIT, Allahabad, India


    Abstracton
    • Should know the abstracton frst
    – Delving into the depths reveals more informaton
    • An abstracton omits unneeded detail
    – helps us cope with complexity

    Mayank Pandey, MNNIT, Allahabad, India


    Sofware Abstracton

    Mayank Pandey, MNNIT, Allahabad, India


    Hardware Abstracton

    Mayank Pandey, MNNIT, Allahabad, India


    Inside your Laptop

    Mayank Pandey, MNNIT, Allahabad, India


    The Memory

    Mayank Pandey, MNNIT, Allahabad, India


    Hardware/Sofware Interface

    Mayank Pandey, MNNIT, Allahabad, India


    Levels of Abstracton
    • Instructon set architecture (ISAf
    – Lowest level visible to a programmer
    – Operaton (add/sub/mul/shiff
    • Micro architecture
    – Fills the gap between instructons and logic
    modules
    – Operaton Vs Micro Operaton

    Mayank Pandey, MNNIT, Allahabad, India


    Instructon Set Architecture
    • Assembly Language View
    – Processor state (RF, memf
    – Instructon set and encoding
    • Layer of Abstracton
    – Above: how to program machine
    • HLL, OS
    • Below:
    – what needs to be built
    – tricks to make it run fast
    Mayank Pandey, MNNIT, Allahabad, India
    The Abstract Machine

    Mayank Pandey, MNNIT, Allahabad, India


    Embedded Computers
    • Processor as an intelligent electronic
    component rather than Processor as a
    computng engine
    • Real tme operaton
    • Requires hardware‐sofware co‐design
    • Highly customized

    Mayank Pandey, MNNIT, Allahabad, India


    Why Diferent Processors?
    • What is the diference between processors
    used in desk‐tops, lap‐tops, mobile phones,
    washing machines etc.?
    – Performance / speed
    – Power consumpton
    – Cost
    – General purpose / special purpose
    – Domain Specifc: Network, DSP, Image. Crypto

    Mayank Pandey, MNNIT, Allahabad, India


    Topics to be covered:
    • Performance issues
    • A specifc instructon set architecture
    – With insight into various addressing modes
    • Arithmetc and how to build an ALU
    • Constructng a processor to execute instructons
    – Data path
    – Design of Control Unit
    • Pipelining to improve performance
    • Memory: caches and virtual memory
    • Input / output
    Mayank Pandey, MNNIT, Allahabad, India

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