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DETAIL PROJECT REPORT
VISHWAKARMA YOJNA:
AN APPROACH TOWARDS RURBANISATION
FALU Village
MEHSANA District
PREPARED BY
NAME BRANCH NAME ENROLLMENT NO
RAJ BALAT CIVIL ENGINEERING 130170106003
SANDEEP CHOUDHARY CIVIL ENGINEERING 160173106003
VISHWALARMA GOVERNMENT Prof. KL TIMBANI

ENGINEERING COLLAGE NODAL OFFICER
CHANDKHEDA
YEAR:2017-18
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Chandkheda,Ahmedabad– 382424 Gujarat
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the following students of Degree Engineering successfully submitted
Detail Project Report for
FALU Village
MEHSANA District
Under
VishwakarmaYojana: Phase-VI
In partial fulfillment of the project offered by
GUJARATTECHNOLOGICALUNIVERSITY,CHANDKHEDA
During the academic year 2019-20.
This project work has been carried out by them under our supervision and guidance.
NAME BRANCH NAME ENROLLMENT NO

RAJ BALAT CIVIL ENGINNERING 130170106003
SANDEEP CHOUDHARY CIVIL ENGINNERING 160173106003
PROF.KL TIMBAI
Date of Report Submission: VY-Nodal Officer Name and Signature
PROF. RG MOTWANI
Internal Guide Name and Signature
R.K. GAJJAR VISHWAKARMA GOVT ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Principal Name and Signature Institute name &Stamp

ABSTRACT
Urbanization has become a common feature of Indian society. Growth of industries as a result of
industrialization, people have started moving towards the industrial areas in search of employment.
These have resulted in the growth of towns and cities. A country can never prosper if the villages are
not developed as this is an important part of country’s economy. Government of Gujarat has launched
VISHWAKARMA YOJANA for development of village by identifying the requirements of villages. This
Yojana has an aim to convert rural to urban means to include city facilities in village without any
environmental side effect. Under this scheme, the villages are surveyed and development schemes are
proposed and implemented.
Our project is about development of appropriate facility and suggestion for upgradation of FALU village.
FALU is one of the villages in Mehsana district. So it is essential to develop the village under the district
for the growth of state and also for the country. Slow pace of development in villages and pursuit of
better life style has led to huge migration from villages to cities. For most villages on one hand some
essential infrastructural facilities like children playground, public garden etc have been over looked and
on the other hand provided infrastructural facilities like drinking water, sump,bio gas plant etc have
become insufficient.
As per the present scenario, the village has larger area but lack of infrastructures and facilities. They all
have separate toilets at home by participating in Swachchh Bharat Abhiyan. The coordination between
the villagers is good and employment in every house almost because of agriculture of tobacco farming
and tobacco industries. There is no proper facilities of transportation and other basic needs.
On the basis of collected data from Techno-economic survey & smart village survey, we found GAP
between existing facilities and required facilities as per norms. Based on the GAP, we provided repair
& maintenance of panchayat building, proposed designs of public Garden, Solid Waste Management,
public toilets and biogas plant etc, Some Design are provided by us in this semester
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are highly indented to Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad for providing us such
opportunity to work under Vishwakarma Yojana to get real work experience and applying our
technical knowledge in the development of Villages.
We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude to Prof. Dr. Navin Sheth, Hon’ble Vice Chancellor, Gujarat
Technological University-Ahmedabad, for his encouragement and support during project work.
We also express our gratitude to Prof.(Dr.)S.D.Panchal, Registrar, Gujarat Technological University-

Ahmedabad,
We express our sincere thanks to Commissionerate of Technical Education, Gujarat State for
appreciating and acknowledging our work.
We express our sincere thanks to DDO, TDO, Sarpanch and staff members of MEHSANA, vijapur, falu
for providing us with requisite data whenever we approached them. Especially our thanks are to all
villagers and stake holders for their support during Survey.
We are also thankful to our Dr. RK GAJJAR Principal, All faculty and Staff Members of our colleges for
their encouragement and support to complete this project work.
An act of gratitude is expressed to our guide Mr.KL TIMBANI and Mr.MOTWANI Nodal Officer,
VISHWAKARMA GOVERNMENT Engineering College, CHANDKHEDA for their invaluable
guidance,constant inspiration and his actively involvement in our project work.
We are also thankful to all the experts who provided us their valuable guidance during the work.
We express our sincere thanks Dr. Jayesh Deshkar, Hon’ble Director, Prof.G.A.Patel, GEC, Patan,
Prof.Y.B.Bhavsar, VGEC, Chandkheda, Prof.K.L.Timani, VGEC, Chandkheda, Prof.Paresh Nimodiya,
GEC, Patan for providing us technical knowledge throughout the project work.
We are also thankful to to Dr.Parulkumari Bhati, Deputy Director and Ms. Darshana Chauhan, OSD
ofVishwakarma Yojana, for all support during our work. We therefore, take this opportunity for
thisProject work expressing our deep gratitude and sincere thanks to her that without whose help and
cooperation, it might not have been possible for us to produce this project work in the present form.
Above all we would like to thank our Parents, family members and Friends for their encouragement and
support rendered in completion of the present this work.
Vishwakarma Yojana:falu Village,mehsana District
CONTENT
Page No.
 
 Cover Page………………………………………………………………………..…
 
 Certificate………………………………………………………………………..…..
 
 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………..…..
 
 Index…………………………………………………………………………….….…
 
 List of Figures…………………………………………………………………….…..
 
 List of Tables……………………………………………………………….…..….
 
Abbreviations…………………………………………………………………..…….

1. Ideal village visit from District of Gujarat State
1.1Background & Study Area Location…….…………………………………..…
1.2Concept: Ideal Village
1.3.1 Case Study of Ideal village of India/ Gujarat……….………..................
1.3.2 The various exposure of a model……………..….………..……………
1.3.3 Objectives of the Ideal Village……….………………………………..
1.3.4 How to Develop the Ideal Village / Key elements of ideal village…….
1.3.5 Resources available in Ideal Village ………………………….….……
1.3.6 SWOT analysis of ideal village………………………………………...
1.3Physical & Demographical Growth……………………………………………
1.4Economic profile……………………………………………………..…….......
1.5Social scenario /profile……………………………………………….….…..….
1.6Infrastructures facilities (All Types)……………………………………….…..
1.7Initiatives in village development by local self-government………………..…
1.8Future prospects of the Ideal Village………………………………………..….
1.9Learnable Things / Benefits of the visits………………..…………………....…
1.10 Civil Concept / Method / Usages in the Ideal Village…………………………..
1.11 Civil Benefit available in the Ideal Village……………………………….……..
1.12 Civil Case Studyof any other state Ideal Village ……………….………………
1.13 Civil Case Study of any other Outside Countries of Village/city……………..
2. Smart Cities &Village Concept ( Your Ideas from your Visit) 2.1
Introduction
Gujarat Technological University Page 9

2.1.1 Concepts…………………………………………………………………..
2.1.2 Definitions (Civil) …………………………………………………….….
2.1.3 Need of Smart Cities / Villages Development………………………………..…
2.1.4 Smart City Development Vision- Goals-Activities……………………………...
2.1.5 Practices (Civil)
2.1.6 Practices (AnyOther)………………………………………………….…
2.1.7 Smart Cities Bench Marks………………………………………………..
2.1.8 Smart Cities Standards……………………………………………………
2.1.9 Smart Cities Performance Measurement Indicators………………………
2.2 Smart Cities Options

2.2.1 Technological Options for Smart Cities
2.2.1.1 Civil Related Technology (Any)………………………………….
2.2.1.2 Cyber Security…………………………………………………..
2.2.1.3 Green Buildings…………....……………………………………
2.2.1.4 District Cooling and Heating…………………………………….
2.2.1.5 Smart Data Centre……………………………………………….
2.2.1.6 Smart Infrastructure……………………………………………..
2.2.2 Funding of Smart Cities Development………………………………….…
2.2.3 Available option for developing Fast Smart Cities ……………………….
2.2.4 Road Map and Safe Guards for Smart Cities…….………………………..
2.3 India's Smart Cities: Issues & Challenges

2.3.1 Urban water and Sanitation Challenges………………………………………...
2.3.2 Role of Indigenous Technologies…………………………………………..…...
2.3.3 Key Issues in development of Human Being................. …………….…………
2.3.4 Education / Job Opportunity Development…………………………………….
2.3.5 Governmental Issues……………………………………………………………
2.4 Smart Cities Initiatives taken by
2.4.1 Local self-government…………………………………………………..
2.4.2 District Municipal Corporation………………………………………………
2.4.3 Initiation by Local People……………………………………………………
2.4.3 Initiation by Local People……………………………………………………
3. My Village Literature Review

3.1Introduction
3.1.1 Real Urban & Rural and concept.………………………………..………………
3.1.2 Ancient Villages / Different Definition of: Rural area /Villages..………………
3.2Scenario: Rural / Urban India & Gujarat as per Census 2011 and latest population
Growth….……………………………….………………………………………………

3.3 Rural Issues & Concerns………………………………………………………….……..

3.3.1 Crime Free / Dispute free ………………….……………………………………
3.3.2 Resources ……………………………………………………………………….
3.3.3 Literacy ………………………………………………..…………………...….
3.3.4 Health / Hygiene …………….………………………….………………...…..
3.3.5 Women Empowerment………………………………...………………..….……
3.3.6 Any Other………………………………………..…………………….……..…
3.4 Various Measures for Rural Development……………………………………….…...…
3.5 Good Governance Project…..………………………………………………….….….…
3.6 Rurban Cluster ……………………………………………………………….……..….
3.7 Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana …………………..…………………………………...…
3.8 Award Winning Gram Panchayat Pradhans…………………………………….………
3.9 Action towards Poverty Free ………………………………………………………..…
3.10 India State Specific Special Finance Grant for Village……....…………….…….………
3.11 Projects / Schemes by Govt / Private. Sector………………………………………….…
3.12 Other Projects / Schemes………………………………………………………..….…
4. Concept of Infrastructure Facilities

4.1Various infrastructure
4.1.1 Facilities with types………………………………………………………
4.1.2 Importance in rural context at individual Home of village.……………….
4.1.3Various guidelines/Norms for Villages for the provisions of different
infrastructure facilities. ..........…………………………………………….
4.2Sustainable Village Development ……..…………………………………………….…
4.3Renewable energy source planning particularly for villages…………………………
4.4Existing Institution like - Village Administration – Detail Profile
4.4.1 Bachat Mandali…………………………………………………………..
4.4.2 Dudh Mandali……………………………………………………………
4.4.3 Mahila forum ……………………………………………………………..
4.4.4 Any Other………………………………………………………………..
4.5Ancient start History of Civil concept from Indian Village / Foreign Countries
perspective / Development……………………………………………………………..
5. Introduction about Falu Village

5.1Introduction

5.1.1 About Falu Village…………………………………

5.1.2 Study justification/ need of the study…………………………….…
5.1.3 Study Area (Broadly define)………………………………………..
5.1.4 Objectives of the study……….…………………………………….
5.1.5 Scope of the Study………………………………………………….
5.1.6 Methodology Frame Work for development of village.....…………
5.1.7 List of Objects Available related to Civil Methodology……………..
5.2 Falu Village Study Area Profile

5.2.1Study Area Location…………………………………………..…...
5.2.2 Physical & Demographical Growth…………………………………
5.2.3 Brief history…………………………………………………………
5.2.4 Economic profile / Banks…………………………………..………
5.2.5 Social scenario………………………………………………………
5.2.6 Base Location map, Land Map, Gram Tal Map...............................
5.2.7 Study area land use details…………………………………………
6. Case Study --CIVIL

6.1Civil - Case Study at College Level - One awareness drive with collaboration of Any
Civil Architecture Builder / College / Heritage Place depending the respective areas of
the Civil Structure Engineering / Designs / Plastering / Measurement / Any Other
7. Data Collection FALU Village (Photograph/Graphs/Charts/Table)

7.1Methods for data collection……………………………………………………...
7.2 Primary survey details ………………….………………………………………..
7.2.1 Introduction of Village…………………………………………………

7.2.2 Average size of the House
7.2.3 Geo-Tagging of House…………………………………………………
7.2.4 No of Human being in One House……………………...……….……
7.2.5 Which Material used locally …………………………………………..
7.2.6 Out Sourced Material…………………………………………………..
7.2.7 Labor work doing ………………………………………………….…
7.2.8 7.2.8 Any Costing …………………………………………………………..
7.2.9 Geographical Detail……………………………………………………
7.2.10 Demographical Detail…………………………………………..……..
7.2.11 Occupational Detail……………………………………………………
7.2.12 Agricultural Details / Organic Farming / Fishery …………….………

7.2.13 Manufacturing HUB / Ware Houses.........……………………….…….

7.2.14 Tourism Cluster…………………………………………………….…..
7.2.15 Services Cluster…………………………………………………………
7.2.16 Male / Female Details…………………………………………………..
7.2.17 Cast Wise Population Details…………………………………………..
7.2.18 Occupation wise Details……………………………………………..…
7.2.19 Physical Infrastructure Facilities………………………………………
7.3 Infrastructure Details
7.3.1 Drinking Water …………………………………………….…………

7.3.2 Drainage Network………………………………………….……..…..
7.3.3 Transportation & Road Network…………………………………….
7.3.4 Sanitation Facilities……………………………………..….…….….
7.7.1 Water Management Facilities………….…..…..………
7.7.2 All various types of Waste Management……………..
7.3.5 Irrigation Facilities…………………………….…………………….
7.3.6 Housing condition………………………….………………..……....
7.3.7.1 Social Infrastructure Facilities……………………………………...
7.3.7 Health Facilities………………………………………………………
7.3.8 Education Facilities …………………………………………….……
7.3.9 Technology Mobile/ WIFI / Internet Usage Details. In %...................
7.3.10 Sports Activity as Gram Panchayat …………………………..…….
7.3.11 Socio-Cultural Facilities…………………………………………..…
7.3.12 Community Hall……………………………………………………
7.3.13 Public Library…………………………………………………………
7.3.14 Public Garden /Park/Playground……………………………………
7.3.15 Village Pond/Lake………………………………………………..…
7.3.16 Other Recreation Facilities…………………………………………..
7.3.17 Other Facilities………………………………………………………
7.3.18 Sustainable Infrastructure Facilities…………………………………
7.3.19 Existing Condition of Public Buildings…………………………..…
7.3.20 Any other details……………………………………………………
7.3.21 Suggestions for Sustainable Infrastructure Facilities & Repair &……
7.3.22 Maintenance of existing Public Infrastructures………………………
8. Sustainable Technical Options with Case Studies of the Existing Village

8.1 Concept (Civil)
8.1.1 Solid & Liquide Waste Management…...............................................
8.1.2 Various type of method for Transportation…………………..……..

8.1.3 Various type method for Drainage System………….……………...

8.1.4 Various type method for Roads……………………………………..
8.1.5 Various type of Environmental Factors…………..………………….
8.1.6 Latest Technology from the GLOB………………………………..
8.1.7 Suggestion for the solving Civil related issues and concerns and challenges
(Civil)….. ………………………………………………
9. Various Designs in Rural Areas along with cost

9.1 Civil
9.1.1 Feasibility
9.1.2 Construction
9.1.3 Operation
9.1.4 Maintenance
10. Sustainable Design Planning Proposal (Prototype Design)- Part- I

10.1 Design Proposalswith the Section , Elevation, Measurement, Costing, Any other
pointsrelated to Civil Designs.
10.1.1 Observation and Brief write up about each design from 11.2 to 11.6 …..
10.1.2 Recommendations / why about new proposals of Design.........................
10.1.3 Suggestions / Benefit of the Villagers about new path technology /
Designsproposed by the students……………………………………..…
10.2 Sustainable Design………………………………………………………………..
10.3 Physical design …………………………………………..…………………….…
10.4 Social design …………………………………………………………………..…
10.5 Socio-Cultural design ……………………………...............................................
10.6 Smart Village Design ……………………………………………
11. Future Development of the Village (for the PART-II Design , chapter – 17….……
12. Conclusion…………………..…………………………………………………………
13. References of report……………………………………………………………………
14. Annexure
14.1 Original Ideal Village Survey Form……………
14.2 OriginalSmart Village (Gujarati) Survey details.
14.3 OriginalTechno - Economic Survey Form.
14.4 Gap Analysis................................................................................................................
14.5 Summary of All Villages Designs as Part-I and Part-II ..............................................
14.6 Village Interaction Report with the photograph …..………………………………….
14.7 Sarpanch Letter (village design proposal approval)…….……………………………..
14.8 Drawings A3 (If, A4 design is not completely visible then ONLY)..............................
14.9 Summary of Good Photographs with three different heading Ideal Village, Smart
Village , Allocated.

PART-II
(VY-Phase-V-Part-I Report Is More Informative, Now In Part-II, Implementation, and
Development & Real Picture Of your Village enhancement Steps forward to develop the
Village)
15. Future Scope-Requirement of the Village (from the PART-I chapter - 13) detail implementation of
the future scope of work……………………..…………… 146 Sustainable Design Planning Proposal
(Prototype Design) - Part- II(Points to be covered for Improvement of Health / Hygiene, Safety and
security, Environment, Amenities, Comfortability etc., Road ,Transport)
15.1 Observation and Brief write up about the new proposal design ...146.
15.2 Recommendations / why about new proposals of Designs….……147
15.3 Suggestions / Benefit of the Villagers about new path technology Designs proposed by
the students ………….148
15.4 Design Proposals with the Section , Elevation, Measurement, Costing, Any other
points related to Civil / Electrical Designs , define the status of the design implantation like
15.4.1 Sustainable design………………………………………………149
15.4.2 Physical design………………………………………………….151
15.4.3 Social design…………………………………………………….153
15.4.4 Socio- Cultural design…………………………………………..159
15.4.5 Smart Village Design…………………………………………...166
15.4.6 Heritage Design…………………………………………………167
16. Chapter 17-design

16.1 Clearly describe the total existing scenario of the implantation…...172
16.2 How can be improved with small changes, Period - a) Immediately , b) Within 1 year and , c Long
term (3-5 years) along with cost estimation and
drawing………………………………………………………………...…173
17. Five Most important and crucial items that need to be addressed from the techno-
economy survey or Ideal Village Survey or Smart Village Survey of the village for the
visible change in the respective allotted village for the VY project and make the villagers
happier and more comfortable for the enhancement of
thevvillager…………………174
17.1 First-……………………………………………………..174
17.2 Second-…………………………………………....……..174
17.3 Third-…………………………………………………….174
17.4 Forth-……………………………………………………..174
17.5 Five -.……………………………………………………..174
18. Five Identify that from the CHAPTER-2-SMART CITIES/ VILLAGE CONCEPT
AS PER YOUR IDEA AND ITS VISIT, how the new modern technology with
innovation available in the market can be used for possible adaptation in the village
………….………175
18.1 First-……………………………………………………..175
18.2 Second-…………………………………………………..175
18.3 Third-……………………………………………………176
18.4 Forth-……………………………………………………176
18.5 Five -…………………………………………………….177
19. Listing of the proposed design name that can be implement in the village with the
available fund with the village local body,
19.1 List the sources of the funding available with the Village Authority (from the
Sarpanch, TDO,DDO,..etc)…………………………………………178
19.2 Design Name Implantation with the available
fund………………………………………………………178
20. Provide in all the available infrastructure in tabular format like schools,
community halls, hospitals and drainage system etc with names of the persons
present working there and number of more persons required for maintenance etc.
(Actual scenario of the village with the man power and
condition.)…………………………………………………………………..………179
21. Write statements of the local people in local language/ or in English with 5 male
and 5 female persons at random. After taking the statement identify the acute
need of the majority of the local people and what could be done immediately to
address their problems as per below table.
23. CIVIL / ELECTRICAL-TECHNICAL DOMAIN POINT FOR CASE STUDY

(Domain point from the students Subject Syllabus which (s) he has learnt in (h)is/Er
Engineering Studies). (Any topic from student/Nodal Officer / Attached file herewith)
24. SAGY Questionnaire with the Sarpanch Signature (Original Form)

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE FIGURES LISTING PAGE NO

NO
1 Interacting with baben deputy sarpanch 12
2 Arial view of baben village 13
3 Location of baben 13
4 Key element of ideal village 18
5 Baben village road 20
6 PHC of baben 21
7 Education building of Ena village 21
8 GIFT city 32
9 Smart Infrastructure 34
10 Lakhota redevelopment project 43
11 Circuit diagram of energy management module 44
12 Power demand for various countries 45
13 Sustainable energy resource 65
14 Study Frame work 73
15 Location of Chaklad village on google map 75
16 Village map chaklad 78
17 Solar water heater 81
18 Solar street light 82
19 Solar pump 83
20 Solar cooker 83
21 Solar roof top 84
22 Hybrid power system 88
23 Poster of rain water harvesting 90
24 Rain water harvesting 90
25 Water tank 94
26 Internal street road 95
27 Sub station at sarbhan 96
28 Housing condition 96
29 Clinic of chaklad village 97
30 Tempel of chaklad village 98
31 Pond(Chaklad village) 98
32 Precast concrete cube 103
33 Precast wall 104
34 Precast Floor 105

35 Cycle of sanitation 106

36 Low cost toilet 108
37 Ecosan toilet Design 110
38 Road cleaning 118
39 Pond cleaning 118
40 LED street light in Chaklad 123
41 Diagram of Solar cum external powered street light 124
42 LED AC to DC drive 125
43 Circuit diagram of AC to DC LED driver 125
44 DC 12 v relay 126
45 Solar panel 126
46 Battery 127
47 Pnchayat building 131
48 Electrical equipment in panchayat building 134
49 Electrification of panchayat building 135
50 Primary health center 137
51 Electrical equipment in PHC 140
52 Electrification of PHC 141
53 Plan of community Hall 143
54 Flow chart of RO plant 145
55 Photo of RO plant 147
56 RO plant building 148
57 Building material of cow house with deep straw bedding, 151
pathway for scraping and feeding place under a roof
58 Cowshed for 30 cows 152
59 Building a cowshed in stages 152

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TABLES LISTING PAGE NO
NO
1 Gujarat urban/rural population as per census 2001 47
2 Gujarat urban /rural population as per census 2011 48
3 Different yojna 54
4 UDPFI 63
5 Caste wise male female population 2011-chaklad 76
6 Demographicaldetails of Falu village 93
7 Cast wise population detail 94
8 Solar LED street light specification 123
9 Battery specification 127
10 Material cost 128
11 Population of Falu village 130
12 Measurement sheet of panchayat building 131
13 Abstract sheet of panchayat building 132
14 Solar pv module specification (panchayat building) 136
15 Measurement sheet of PHC 137
16 Abstract sheet of PHC 138
17 Solar pv module specification (PHC) 142
18 Measurement sheet of community hall 143
19 Description of RO plant 146
20 Material list 149
21 Total cost 150

ABBREVIATIONS
SHORT NAME / SYMBOL FULL NAME
Km Kilometer
RCC Reinforced cement concrete
BPL Below poverty line
SHG Self help group
SBM Swatch bharat mission
PMAY Pradhan mantri awash yojana
NHDP National highway development

program
MNREGA Mahatma Gandhi national rural
employment guarantee act
UDPFI Urben and regional development

plans formulation and
implementation
CSIR Counsil of scientific and industrial
research
MDWS Ministry of driking water and
sanitation
BCC Board of country commissioners
ASHAS Accredited social

Chapter 1: Ideal village visit from your District of

Gujarat State.
1.1 Background & Study Area Location
BABEN village has stated as iconic village by winning contest of swarnim gram (adarsh gram
panchayat)in2010-11.Thisvillage starts its journey of progressisson, simple because of the village is rich.
This village shows awareness towards physical development as well as Education of people. People of this
village believe that smart village is made by smart people. For satisfy this condition, sarpanch of this
village on its own, comes to ground to develop awareness about neatness in people of village. BABEN
village have NRI and resident of inter-state people.
Fig 1. Interacting with Baben Deputy Sarpanch
BABEN village, which is located some 36 km from Surat city. Here villagers enjoy all the facilities
that one living in the city does. This village is also attached by having bardoli nagar palika nearer to its
boundary. This village far from bardoli is 2.1 km. Distance between sub district (bardoli) to Baben is
2.1km. To reach its destination, there is railway station only 1 kms in baben. No available bus
station available here. Bus station is 2.1 km away to bardoli.

Fig 2. Arial view of BABEN village
Fig 3.location of baben
Location & others details of Baben village
Locality Name: Baben

Taluka Name: Bardoli
District: Surat
State: Gujarat
Language: Gujarati, Sindhi, Hindi, Marvadi, English, Marathi, Telungu, and Oriya
Current Time: 11:49
Date: Thursday, AUG 21, 2018 (IST)
Time zone: IST (UTS+5:30)

Elevation / Altitude: 34 meters. Above sea level

Telephone Code / Std Code: 02622
Assembly constituency: Bardoli assembly constituency
Assembly MLA: Ishwar Bhai Parmar Alias Anilbhai Ramanbhai
Lok sabha constituency: Bardoli parliamentary constituency
Parliament MP: Vasava Parbhubhai Nagarbhai Sarpanch Name:
Pin Code: 394601
Post office Name: Bardoli
1.2 Concept: Ideal Village

1.2.1 Case study of ideal village of India /Gujarat
Ideal village:
An ideal Villages project assists in this by putting concepts Such as hygiene education, environmental
health, health promotion and environmental protection into action in rural communities. An ideal Villages
project enables a village to mobilize the human and financial resources needed to address many health and
quality-of-life issues.
Punsari - The village with Wi-Fi, CCTVs, AC classrooms and more.

Punsari, located in Gujarat, puts most metros to shame. Funded by the Indian government and the
village's own funding model. The village also boasts of a mini-bus commute system and various other
facilities.
1.2.2 The various exposure of ideal village.
The village has for long been viewed as a convenient entry-point for understanding Indian society. At the
beginning of the 20th century Mahatma Gandhi had emphatically declared: “The soul of India lives in its
villages”.
In his reckoning, the village represented ‘authenticity’, for Jawaharlal Nehru it was center of
backwardness, and for B R Ambedkar the village was a place of oppression where the institution of caste
presented itself in its most brutal and inhuman form. Notwithstanding their differences on the nature of
the Indian village, there are many ways in which the three great visionaries seemed to agree. ‘Village’, for
them, represented the real India.
Indeed, the Indian village had a pan-Indian structure. Even after 70 years of Independence, in the wake of
urbanization, villages are at the core of the economy, society and politics. Professional sociologists and
social anthropologists regard a village as India in microcosm, ‘an invaluable observation center’ where
one examines the ‘real’ India, its social organization and cultural life. By studying a village, one can
generalize on the social processes and problems that are witnessed in large parts of the country.

In terms of statistics, more than 70 per cent of the country’s population live in villages. The majority are
extremely poor and dependent on manual labor. They are directly dependent on agriculture. Since
Independence, peasant societies have emerged with four core features ~ the family is the basic unit of
production and consumption; land husbandry is the major source of livelihood; a distinct traditional culture
is linked to the community; and an elite group dominates over the peasantry.
As in every other country, the poor villagers have been subjected to gross exploitation, but over the years
they have evolved a strategy which has enabled them to survive a variety of predators. Villagers are
silent but not without ideas, who remain uneducated but are politically literate and increasingly aware of
their citizenship rights. Given an opportunity, a village has the potential to be rich… socially,
scientifically, economically and environmentally. Mahatma Gandhi was the ideologue of the village.
Though he was not born in a village and did not even have ‘an ancestral village’ to identify with, he was
preoccupied with the concept since his days in South Africa. He toured the villages extensively and much
of his social and political philosophy revolved around the idea of the village. He celebrated the village
life as no one else did.
A champion of participatory democracy and grassroots development, Gandhi believed that making villages
self-contained and sustainable was the first step towards empowering India. He visualized self-reliant
villages and wanted to ensure that every village is organically linked to the larger spatial bodies. They must
have the freedom to decide on the affairs of the particular area.
He wanted political power to be distributed among the villagers for building the structure of pure
democracy ‘inch by inch’ directly from below. He preferred the term Swaraj (Self-Rule) to describe what
he called true democracy where people’s power rests on the individuals and each one realizes that he or she
is the real master of one’s self.
The individual will rise to the occasion and be prepared to sacrifice everything for the cause of his/ her
village. Gandhi emphatically said: “Under such a decentralised structure governing rural India, the
outermost circumference will not wield power to crush the inner circle, but will give strength to all within
and derive its own strength from it.
He advocated decisions by consensus as the main thrust of democratic functioning. His concept of
consensus does not mean that there should not be two opinions on an issue or that people must think
identically. It envisages the resolution of all differences so that the minutest may not feel ignored or
tyrannised. Gandhi’s concept of rural development envisages the creation of model villages for
transforming ‘Swaraj’ (self-rule) into ‘Su-raj’ (good governance). As part of the scheme, the villagers
will prepare their own development agenda, plan activities and fix targets for achievement.

He visualised his model village as: ‘An ideal Indian village will be so constructed as to lend itself to
perfect sanitation. It will have cottages with sufficient light and ventilation built of material
obtainable within a radius of five miles of it.
The village lanes and streets will be free of all avoidable dust. It will have wells according to its needs and
accessible to all. It will have houses of worship for all, also a common meeting place, a village common
for grazing its cattle, a cooperative dairy, primary and secondary schools in which industrial education will
be the central fact, and it will have panchayats for settling disputes. It will produce its own grains,
vegetables and fruit, and its own khadi.
This is roughly my idea of a model village.’ (Harijan, 9 January1937). More than seven decades have
passed since Mahatma Gandhi framed his constructive programme and successive governments have also
undertaken programmes for socio-economic development in rural areas. But the lack of spatial planning
and convergence of various schemes programmes have unfortunately not yielded the desired impact.
A major reason for the failure is that our development model has been supply-driven. Gandhi had
recommended a demand-driven model. There should be an urge towards that end within the
village itself.
.1.2.3 Objectives of Ideal village:
1.The development of model villages, called ideal /smart villages, through the implementation of
existing schemes, and certain new initiatives to be designed for the local context, which may vary from
village to village.
2. Creating models of local development which can be example of other villages.
1.2.4 How to develop the ideal village/Key elements of model village:

FIG 4 Key element of ideal village
Sustainability
• Better health – with special focus on maternal and child health Practical and smart education
• Housing & livelihood Capacity building of all stakeholders
• Clean drinking water & sanitation Environmental sustainability
Community involvement
• Planning for Village Development

• Mobilizing resources for the Plan, with active engagement with elected representative
• Monitoring the utilization of government funds to increase accountability.
• Influencing personal and community behaviour.
Technology
• Delivery of government services

• ICT and space technology in the aid of farmers
• Remote sensing for resource mapping and better utilization of existing assets
• Land records modernization
Connectivity
• Physical connectivity to towns and other places through roads

• Easy and cheap means of transportation

• Digital connectivity and mobile connectivity

• Augmenting power connectivity through off-grid renewable sources
1.2.5 Resources available in ideal village.
• Funds under existing schemes across different sectors such as health, education, skill development,
livelihood etc could be utilized, and based on the specific demands of the village, resources could be
channelized into the development of the village. Some important Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS)
which could be utilized are NRLM, NHM, SSA, NREGA, BRGF, RKVY and Mid-day Meal Scheme.
• MPLAD funds (Rs 5 crore per year) could be utilized for the construction of high quality, sustainable
assets such as school buildings, hospitals, Anganwadi Centres and school kitchens for Mid-Day meals.
Funds could also be channelized into road construction, and the construction of toilets in schools and
homes, particularly for girls.
• CSR funds, of which a much larger corpus is available after the latest amendment to the Companies
Act, could also be used for the purpose of infrastructure development in the constituency.
• Self-help groups, who are eligible for subsidized loans under various Central and State government
initiatives.
• Gram Panchayat could also raise loans, if legally permitted to do so under the State Panchayati Raj Acts.
1.2.6 Sustainability
• Better health– with special focus on maternal and child health Practical and smart education
• Housing & livelihood Capacity building of all stakeholders
• Clean drinking water & sanitation Environmental sustainability
Community involvement
• Planning for Village Development

• Mobilizing resources for the Plan, with active engagement with elected representative
• Monitoring the utilization of government funds to increase accountability.
• Influencing personal and community behaviour.
Technology
• Delivery of government services

• ICT and space technology in the aid of farmers
• Remote sensing for resource mapping and better utilization of existing assets
• Land records modernization

Connectivity
• Physical connectivity to towns and other places through roads

• Easy and cheap means of transportation
• Digital connectivity and mobile connectivity
• Augmenting power connectivity through off-grid renewable sources
1.3 Physical &Demographical Growth

As being ideal village, this village have all physical needs as well a social community needshare also
satisfied. Main progress of development began from year 2008, there is Door to door water supply was
provided which were used for daily uses. They also provide a drinking water oncein a day by regular time
which they gave in noticed board by daily routine which was filtered at filter plant. Their street roads was
made of R.C.C. material, paver block and bituminous pavement road and it was reached at their home.
They were using tractor to collect all solidwaste regularly in the morning at each home. They have no plant
of solid waste treatment plant so, they throw the solid waste at a dumping zone which was near by their
village. They have alsoprovide drainage system which connected by a drainage stream. They have no plant
of sewage treatment plant.
1.4 Economic profile:

Occupation details:
1. Farming - 70 %
2. Business -10%
3. Dairy - 10%
4. Employee - 10%
1.5 Social scenario
In the village have good social scenario.
• Temple- 3 temple
• Recreational park
• School- 4 govt. & sellfinance.
• Sub center- 1
• Movie theatre
• Beautiful lake

• Domino’s pizza
• Community hall
• Private clinic & hospitals
1.6 Infrastructures facilities
Wide roads–Road is essential component of transportation. It provides door-to-door type facility.

Inbaben, prosperity of village is shown in neatness of their roads. By using several government grants and
by collecting public fund, in whole area of village, there is wide road network provided for interaction
between places. Also provide block & R.C.C. at near house.
Fig.5:- baben village roads
Community halls –this village has total 2 community hall, one is government and second is gifted
bytheir own trust to public.
Health centre -They have government health centre which was known as “Peta arogya centre” and
alsohave 3 private health centre. They have no animal health centre.

FIG 6.-PHC OF BABEN
High school- They have one government primary school and 3 anganvadi. They have also a
privetschool of 1 to 12 by their own trust.
Fig. 7:- Education building of ena village
24 * 7 electricity –Gujarat Electrical Board providing electricity in this village, having

negligiblecomplaint of power shading. They have street lights at every streets which was running by
solar panel.
Playground- They have a big playground. They have also a cricket ground.

Water supply- They have 7 overhead water tank and their capacity was 25000-30000 litter.
1.7 Initiatives in village development by local self-government.
1.8 Future prospects of ideal village.

Regarding the future prospects however which of the place solar system is uses possible more and more
because day to day the electrical appliances uses in more amount and electrical energy uses in more
amount. Another renewable energy like as wind energy, hydro energy and etc. In future underground
wiring system will be construct so look as beautiful and another fault occurring in the line in few time
compare to overhead line structure.They have to focus on waste water treatment plant and solid waste
treatment plant. They have to maintain the public toilet.
1.9 Learnable things/Benefits of the Visits

After visits we are learnt many of the things regarding which problems are affect to villagers and which of
the general facilities are available and which of the facilities general requirement isn’t fulfil to villagers,
how to save environment, how to uses more and more amount to renewable energy source. We know a
new thing about SWOT analysis and other many systems in the village.
1.10 Case Study of Dharnai Village
Dharnai is a small village located in the Jehanabad district of Bihar, India. For almost 30years, Dharnai had
not received electricity. Greenpeace India with the aim of empowering peoplewith access to decentralized
renewable energy set up a solar micro grid in the village, which waslaunched on July 20, 2014.
This project was taken up by Greenpeace India in collaboration with BASIX and CEED.
Dharnai village which is located in the Patna-Gaya was selected for this project for apurpose. Dharmendra
Sriwastwa, BASIX IGS representative said: “Dharnai was the ideal villagein the region with typical
representation of people from all religion and caste. Moreover, it islocated in the Patna-Gaya National
highway and has a lot of potential to do exceptionally well.”No longer do the people of Dharnai rush back
home before dusk or wait till dawn to kick starttheir day.
Community engagement:
It was not an easy job for the volunteers of the three organizations to set up this project.

The first step was to identify the ‘right’ village. Sriwastwa explains, “Greenpeace came up with a few
names and then it was our duty (BASIX) to send a shortlist based on the best village among those
identified.”
The village with its heterogeneous population till date has not had any communalviolence or conflict and
moreover, located in the Patna-Gaya national highway, this village wasan ideal village for this project”,
he added.
It was also the task of the BASIX to organize the people, create awareness about theproject, and the tariff
details.
Recalling the ordeal of Greenpeace, Kamal Kishore Prasad, a villager from Dharnai said,When people
from Greenpeace came and told us in 2012, that they would provide electricity,you can imagine the
surprise. First, according to our experience, people providing electricity,that is government officials, never
came to us, we had to run after them, and second, none of uswere ready to believe that we could have
power 24x7.”It took two years of ground work and later, four to five months of installation period before
the people of Dharnai could believe that ‘light’ had finally come.
Tariff Charges:
The electricity is charged at Rs 8 per unit. Most of the houses are provided with one light(6 watt) and one
mobile charging point, the cost of which is Rs 75 per month.If you want anadditional fan supply then it
will cost another Rs 40. The operators for proper maintenance of theequipments have charged an additional
Rs 10 on every user.
“It is seen that many people ask for more supply, they want to have TV and other luxuryitems as well. But,
it is difficult to provide that at the moment because we are still trying togauge the success rate of the
current plan. We need to check how much energy is produced andhow much can be provided without any
power shortage”, said Sriwastwa. In the past weekalone 2450 kWh of energy has been produced in
Dharnai.
The current project also has a two day back up supply to provide the village with uninterrupted power.
The 100 kWh project was officially inaugurated on July 20, and ever since the power of the sun has
not set in the village.
The optimism that has been born in the lives of the people in Dharnai is reflected in the words of
Prasad, “It was hard to believe that we would have electricity, but now that we do, it is also our
responsibility to ensure that the lights don’t go out.”

Chapter 2: Smart Cities/ Village Concept as per your

Idea and its Visit
2.1 Introduction
Concept
In Smart Villages access to sustainable energy services acts as a catalyst for development – enabling the
provision of good education and healthcare, access to clean water, sanitation and nutrition, the growth of
productive enterprises to boost incomes, and enhanced security, gender equality and democratic
engagement.
Definition
Smart village means all the necessaries facilities is developed in the village and no need to moves in
city for any kind of requirement.
2.1.6 Practices (civil)
2.1.7 Practices (any other)
2.1.8 Smart Cities Bench Marks

Citizens
• Nobody is untouchable
• Nobody is illiterate and compulsory education upto final basic course
• Nobody is without work and means for earning
• Nobody is with a kuchha house
• Nobody is without hygienic food & water and proper clothing for all seasons
• Nobody is without health card, immunization and periodic medical examination
• Nobody has bad health and sanitation habits
• Nobody is unsecure and unsafe
• Nobody is without Aadhar Card
• Nobody is without access to Mobile Phone and Internet
• No adult is without bank account
• Access to everybody for all basic citizen services in the village itself
• Special focus and care for persons with disability
• Special focus and care for adolescent girls, pregnant women, and lactating mothers Farmers to
grow useful money crops.

Village Level
• Clean metalled roads

• Proper inter and intra village connectivity
• Dust free lanes & streets
• Hygienic and clean water supply and access to all
• Houses of worship for all
• Primary and Secondary Schools with industry driven education
• Library with E-Library Facility
• Professional institutions within an area of 10 kms
• Proper means for Health Check-up and treatment
• Access to Multi-facility Hospital within an area of 10 kms
• Empowered Panchayats for settling disputes
• Produce its own grains, vegetable, fruits and khadi
• Fixed place for evacuation
• Wifi/ Broadband Connectivity
• Recreation and playgrounds for adults and children
• Village theatre, school and public hall
• Cooperative activities
• Cooperative Dairy
• Common meeting place
• Common village for grazing cattle
• Access to seeds, fertilizers, pesticides etc within an area of 5 kms
• Access to means for markets, industries and income maximization
• Access to best practices for agriculture, horticulture, sanitation etc

2.2 Smart cities options

2.2.1 Technologiocal Options for Smart cities.
2.2.1.1 Civil related Technology
1. Waste management:
• Waste to energy & fuel

• Waste to compost
• Waste water to be treated
• Recycling and reduction of c&d waste
2. Water management:
• Smart meters and management

• Leakage identification ,preventive measures
• Water quality monitoring
3. Energy management:
• Smart meters and management

• Renewable sources of energy
• Energy efficient & green buildings
4. Urban mobility:
• Smart parking
• Intelligent traffic management
• Integrated multi-modal transport
• Integrated multi-modal transport

2..2.1.2 Cyber Security
Computer security, also known as cyber security or IT security is the protection of computer systems from
the theft and damage to their hardware, software or information, as wellas from disruption or
misdirection of the services they provide.
Cyber security includes controlling physical access to the hardware, as well as protecting against
harm that may come via network access, data and code injection. Also, due to malpractice by
operators, whether intentional, accidental, IT security is susceptible to being tricked into deviating
from secure procedures through various methods.
The field is of growing importance due to the increasing reliance on computer systems and the
Internet, wireless networks such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, the growth of “smart” devices, including smart
phones, televisions and tiny devices as part of the Internet of Things.
2.2.1.4 District cooling and heating:
• District cooling is the cooling equivalent of district heating. Working on broadly similar principles
to district heating, district cooling delivers chilled water to buildings like offices and factories
needing cooling. In winter, the source for the cooling can often be sea water, so it is a cheaper
resource than using electricity to run compressors for cooling. Alternatively, District Cooling can
be provided by a Heat Sharing Network which enables each building on the circuit to use a heat
pump to reject heat to an ambient ground temperature circuit.
• District heating (also known as heat networks or teleheating) is a system for distributing heat
generated in a centralized location for residential and commercial heating requirements such as
space heating and water heating. The heat is often obtained from a cogeneration plant burning
fossil fuels but increasingly also biomass, although heat-only boiler stations, geothermal heating,
heat pumps and central solar heating are also used, as well as nuclear power. District heating
plants can provide higher efficiencies and better pollution control than localized
boilers.According to some research, district heating with combined heat and power (CHPDH) is
the cheapest method of cutting carbon emissions, and has one of the lowest carbon footprints of
all fossil generation plants

2.2.1.5 Smart Data Centre
Smart Data Center approach makes IT more agile by automating processes andcentralizing controls that
span systems, clouds and data centers. Smart Data Center is verydifferent from traditional IT
administration. It automates decision-making, insight and guidancethrough predictive analytics, IoT and
prescriptive intelligence. These advanced capabilitiescentralize the management of IT infrastructure for
simple as well as complex operations.
The Smart Data Center includes:
• Speeds time to deploy IT resources and complete administrative tasks

• Streamlines changing and adding new infrastructure technology
• Provides holistic, dynamic data center operational and commercial views, on-demand
• for data-driven decision-making, risk management and planning
• Maximizes operational efficiency and cost reduction
• Improves business alignment and consistent delivery of service levels
2.2.1.6 smart infrastructure:
Smart infrastructure provides the foundation for all of the key themes related to asmart city, including
smart people, smart mobility, smart economy, smart living, smart governance and smart environment.
The core characteristic that underlies most of thesecomponents is that they are connected and that they
generate data, which may be usedintelligently to ensure the optimal use of resources and improve
performance. This sectionintroduces some key components of smart city infrastructure and concludes
by highlightingthe need for an integrated approach in dealing with such infrastructure.
Smart buildings
A smart building integrates the different physical systems present in an intelligentway to ensure that all
the systems act together in an optimized and efficient manner. Smartbuilding management systems can
improve building energy efficiency, reduce waste andensure an optimum usage of water, with
operational effectiveness and occupant satisfaction.It is estimated that implementing smart building
solutions could save as much as 30 per cent of water usage and 40 per cent of energy usage and reduce
overall buildingmaintenance costs by 10 to 30 per cent. For example, in Austria, plus-
energiebürohochhausis acclaimed as the first smart office building, feeding more energy into thegrid than
it uses.

Smart mobility
Smart mobility is best described as approaches that reduce congestion and foster faster, greener and
cheaper transportation options. Most smart mobility systems use data collected from a variety of
sources about mobility patterns in order to help optimize traffic conditions in a holistic manner. Smart
mobility systems include mass transit systems as well as individual mobility systems that feature bicycle
sharing, ride sharing (or carpooling), vehicle sharing and, more recently, on-demand transportation.
Smart energy
Smart energy management systems use sensors, advanced meters, renewable energy sources, digital
controls and analytic tools to automate, monitor and optimize energy distribution and usage. Such
systems optimize grid operation and usage by balancing the needs of the different stakeholders involved
(consumers, producers and providers). There are a number of innovations in smart energy infrastructure,
such as distributed renewable generation, micro grids, smart grid technologies, energy storage,
automated demand response, virtual power plants and demand-side innovations such as electric vehicles
and smart appliances. Such innovations provide an extended network of intelligent energy devices across
a city, with a detailed view of patterns of energy consumption, enabling community-based energy
monitoring programmes and improving the energy efficiency of buildings. A key component of smart
energy infrastructure is smart grids. A smart grid maybe defined as an “electricity delivery system from
point of generation to point of consumption integrated with ICT for enhanced grid operations, customer
services and environmental benefits”.15 Smart grids are being implemented worldwide in both
developed and developing countries. For example, the Kashiwa-no-ha smart city project in Japan use as
smart grid based on an area-wide energy management system combining home energy management
systems, real-time monitoring of energy supply and demand and self sustained energy management with
the optimal allocation of generated and stored energy.
Smart water
Cities are constantly trying to solve water scarcity problems with innovative technologies and the better
management of water. Improved metering and flow management are key to a good water distribution
system. A smart water management system uses digital technology to help save water, reduce costs
and increase the reliability and transparency of water distribution. Physical pipe networks are overlaid
with data and information networks. The system typically analyses available flow and pressure data to
determine anomalies (such as leaks) in real time to better manage water flow. Customers may be
provided real-time information on the water situation and relevant information to help conserve water,
leading to lower water bills.

Fig.9 Smart Infrastructure
2.2.2 Funding smart cities development:
The Smart City Mission will be operated as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme(CSS) and the Central
Government proposes to give financial support to the Mission to the extent of Rs. 48,000 crores over five
years i.e. on an average Rs. 100 crore per city per year.
An equal amount,on a matching basis, will have to be contributed by the State/ULB; therefore, nearly
Rupees one lakh crore of Government/ULB funds will be available for Smart Cities development.
The project cost of each Smart City proposal will vary depending upon the level of ambition,model and
capacity to execute and repay. It is anticipated that substantial funds will be required to implement the
Smart City proposal and towards this end, Government grants of both the Centre and State will be
leveraged to attract funding from internal and external sources.
The success of this endeavour will depend upon the robustness of SPV’srevenue model and comfort
provided to lenders and investors.
A number of State Governments have successfully set up financial intermediaries (such as Tamilnadu,
Gujarat, Orissa, Punjab, Maharashtra,Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar) which can be tapped for
support and other States may consider some similar set up in their respective States. Some form of

guarantee by the Stateor such a financial intermediary could also be considered as instrument of comfort
referred to above.
2.2.3 Available Options for Developing Fast Smart Cities
The strategic components of area-based development in the Smart Cities Mission are city improvement
(retrofitting), city renewal (redevelopment) and city extension (Greenfield development) plus a Pan-city
initiative in which Smart Solutions are applied covering larger parts of the city. Below are given the deigns
of the three models of Area-based smart city development:
• Retrofitting will introduce planning in an existing built-up area to achieve smart city objectives, along
with other objectives, to make the existing area more efficient and live able. In retrofitting, an area
consisting of more than 500 acres will be identified by the city in consultation with citizens. Depending
on the existing level of infrastructure services in the identified area and the vision of the residents, the
cities will prepare a strategy to become smart. Since existing structures are largely to remain intact in
this model, it is expected that more intensive infrastructure service levels and a large number of smart
applications will be packed into the retrofitted smart city. This strategy may also be completed in a
shorter time frame, leading to its replication in another part of the city.
• Redevelopment will effect a replacement of the existing built-up environment and enable co-
creation of a new layout with enhanced infrastructure using mixed land use and increased
density. Redevelopment envisages an area of more than 50 acres, identified by Urban Local
Bodies (ULBs) in consultation with citizens. For instance, a new layout plan of the identified area
will be prepared with mixed land-use, higher FSI and high ground coverage. Two examples of the
redevelopment model are the Saifee Burhani Upliftment Project in Mumbai (also called the
Bhendi Bazaar Project) and the redevelopment of East Kidwai Nagar in New Delhi being
undertaken by the National Building Construction Corporation.
• Greenfield development will introduce most of the Smart Solutions in a previously vacant area
(more than 250 acres) using innovative planning, plan financing and plan implementation tools
(e.g. land pooling/ land reconstitution) with provision for affordable housing, especially for the
poor. Greenfield developments are required around cities in order to address the needs of the
expanding population. One well known example is the GIFT City in Gujarat. Unlike retrofitting and
redevelopment, 37on-toxic37 developments could be located either within the limits of the ULB
or within the limits of the local Urban Development Authority (UDA).

• Pan-city development envisages application of selected Smart Solutions to the existing city-wide
infrastructure. Application of Smart Solutions will involve the use of technology, information and
data to make infrastructure and services better. For example, applying Smart Solutions in the
transport sector (intelligent traffic management system) and reducing average commute time or
cost of citizens will have positive effects on productivity and quality of life of citizens. Another
example can be waste water recycling and smart metering which can make a huge contribution
to better water management in the city.
The smart city proposal of each shortlisted city is expected to encapsulate either aretrofitting or
redevelopment or 37on-toxic37 development model, or a mix thereof and a Pan-cityfeature with Smart
Solution(s). It is important to note that pan-city is an additional feature to beprovided. Since smart city is
taking a compact area approach, it is necessary that all the cityresidents feel there is something in it for
them also. Therefore, the additional requirement ofsome (at least one) city-wide smart solution has been
put in the scheme to make it inclusive.
2.2.4 Road Map and Safe Guards for Smart Cities
Local governments that are thinking about embarking smart city initiatives need to start by developing a
roadmap. The top three components to develop a roadmap for a smart city are studying the community,
developing a smart city policy, and engaging the community through government and a solid citywide
Wi-Fi infrastructure. Figure 3 illustrates the three-step road map process.
The first step in establishing a road map for a smart city is to know why there is a need for a smart
city initiative. This can be done by studying the city’s demographics, including the residents who are
the principal stakeholders in the city.
The second step in establishing a smart city roadmap is by developing a policy that drives the whole
initiatives. The policy needs to define the roles, responsibilities, strategies, and objectives of the
smart cities.
The third element in developing a smart city roadmap is engaging the citizens through theuse of e-
government and effective governance, which leads to the increase of efficiency andenhancing delivery
of services.

2.12 Strategic Options for Fast Smart Cities Development
2.3 India’s Smart Cities: Issues & Challenges

2.3.1 Urban water and Sanitation Challenges
Water and its management are a critical issue in India and there is an urgent need for investment in
water and sanitation infrastructure across the country. Since 1992, countries around the world have
marked World Water Day every March 22 to promote awareness and understanding about issues related
to water. This year it is timely to highlight effective ways to attract the resources and expertise necessary
to support such investment.
Partnerships between public and private entities have a proven record for raising project financing
and bringing in technical expertise for infrastructure projects, including water and sanitation. They can
accelerate solutions, and enhance operations and service.
Investment in water and sanitation has indisputable economic benefits. The World Health Organization
(WHO) estimates that every U.S. dollar invested in water and sanitation generates an economic benefit
of $3 to $34, depending on the type of water system installed and the region where the investment is
made. Whatever the exact number, investment in water and sanitation not only improves service and
quality of life, but also has a direct impact on the economy generally.
The Tirupur example
On February 7 in Chennai the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister inaugurated a public-private partnership that is
now providing water and sewerage services to thousands of Tirupur area residents. The project was
initiated in the mid-1990s when the Tirupur Exporters Association recognized the need to improve the
area's infrastructure to remain competitive in the knitwear industry but did not have the resources to
finance the project.
The solution was to establish the New Tirupur Area Development Corporation, Limited, a group of private
and public entities, which became the first public-private partnership in the water and sanitation sector in
South Asia operating on a Build-Own-Operate-Transfer (BOOT) basis. Today, thanks to this initiative,
Tirupur residents receive water every day for 4-6 hours, as opposed to receiving water only on alternate
days at the best of times prior to the project. Household water connections have increased by 8,000 and

local industry now has a reliable source of water. One hundred per cent of new domestic users have paid
for the water connections to access high quality water the fee covers the capital costs of each new
connection.
The Tirupur project is a great example of how private sector involvement in public service delivery
can dramatically improve access to water and sanitation. In India, where about 13 per cent of the
world's population that is un-served for water and 43 per cent of the world's population that is un-
served for sanitation resides, such improvements show the way forward.
2.3.2 Role of indigenous technologies

Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan was launched by Hon’ble Prime Minister of India on 2ndOctober, 2015, which caught
attention of everybody not only in India, but also in the world. The Government has taken various steps to
create awareness among the masses for keeping the are a surrounding them neat and clean. Government is
also paying special attention for cleaning of rivers, railway stations, tourist destinations and other public
places.To achieve the target of cleanliness, the technologies to treat the waste material should also be
developed along with creating awareness. There are many technologies that are used to treat waste material.
They are usually very costly, very complex to be understood and viable only for large size units. At the same
time, indigenous technologies are low cost capital and easy to use and they can also be used by different size
units. In India, they are particularly suitable for the small and medium units. In this regard, a National
workshop on Indigenous water,Waste water and Solid Waste Treatment Technologies was organised by the
Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) in January, 2015 at Gujarat Technological University (GTU) in
Ahmadabad. The objective of the workshop was to disseminate indigenous technologies of water,
wastewater and solid waste treatment developed by the Bhabha
Atomic Research Centre(BARC) under “Swachh Bharat Abhiyan” and to bridge gap between the research
at the research centres and the practical application of the technologies.
The BARC is playing a pivotal role in the development of these technologies. Some of these
technologies are as follows:
Indigenous water purification technologies: These technologies can improve the drinking water quality
ofsmaller villages as well as larger cities. It uses the Pressure Driven Membrane Processes. These are
suitable for all capacity units e.g. they are adaptable from household level unit or community level unit to
large scale unit. Water purification technologies make use of the nuclear energy and solar energy also.
Environment friendly Plasma technologies: Solid waste dumping sites or landfill sites need more
amountof land which is not available in urban areas. Incineration of solid waste pollutes the environment
if the incinerators are not designed or operated properly. Thermal Plasma Technology is ideally suited for
waste treatment. By plasma technology Hazardous & toxic compounds are broken down to elemental
constituents at high temperatures; Inorganic materials are converted to Vitrified Mass; and Organic

material share Pyrolysed or Gasified, Converted to flue gases (H2 & CO) & Lower hydro carbongases
when operated at low temperature (500 – 600OC).Disposal of carcass is also being thought of using
plasma pyrolysis.
Unique Multi Stage Biological Treatment Solution: Multi Stage Biological Treatment Solution (MSBT)
canbe implemented on existing STP which is not able to process Sewage to optimum efficiency. MSBT
can be implemented as a modular or container on the banks of rivers on Drains/Nalas which discharge
waste water to the river. It can also be implanted in small urban societies and housing complex for better
water management. Benefits of MSBT are: No Surplus of Organic Sludge, No Outdoor problem, drastic
reduction of Electrical Power usage which minimizes operating costs, No need for returnsludge pumping
(minimizing electromechanical component which ultimately reduces operating cost).
Role of environmental isotope techniques in the water resources development and management:
Thereare two type of isotopes, stable isotopes and radioactive isotopes.Isotope techniques are used to
find out the type of contamination in surface water andground water, the sources and origin of
contamination, pollutant dispersion in surfacewater bodies, to assess the ground water salinity, to assess
the changes due to long-termexploitation of groundwater, for hydro-chemical investigation and to carry
outgeochemical evolution of groundwater.
The BARC UF Membrane Technology for Domestic Water Purifiers: Water filtersmanufactured
bySondhka based on membrane based water Purification Technology hasbeen developed by BARC.
Benefits of BARC Polysulfone Membrane are high tech0.02micron or 20nm, simple form factor, rugged
(life of more than 1 year) and lowmaintenance (about Rs. 500 per year). It is very easy to use and very
low cost solution forthe water contamination.
Deployment of BARC Domestic Water Purifier in Rural Area through AKRUTIProgram: Rural Human
&Resource Development Facility is disseminating BARCtechnologies, namely Nisargruna Biogas, Soil
Organic Carbon Testing Kit, Seed Bank,Domestic Water Purifier, Weather Forecasting, LLL, RIA, FSD, VTD;
under theAKRUTI( Advance Knowledge of Rural Technology Implementation) Program.Activities carried
out under the AKRUTI program are surveys for safe drinking water,Interaction with the villagers,
Entrepreneurship development for domestic water purifierproduction and Awareness programs for
benefits of use purified water. RHRDF has alsolaunched a scheme for safe drinking water for village under
CSR.
Radiation Hygienization of Municipal Sewage Sludge: The Sewage is the waste watergenerated
fromdomestic premises and consists mainly of human waste. It typicallycontains 99.9% water and about
0.1% solid. The solid waste in sewage is typicallyorganic in nature and is broken down in the sewage
treatment plants resulting in sewagesludge as a byproduct. In Radiation Hygienization process dry sludge
generated at STP’sis hygienized using radiation technology using standard Gamma facility at a Dose of
10kGs. Such radiation plants are operating in India for sterilizing medical products.
Refuse Derived Fuel: An Emerging Processing Technology in MSWM: Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) is
aprocessed form of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and it can be a substitute to coal energy. The process
of

conversion of garbage into fuel pellets involves primarily Drying, Separation of incombustible, Size
reduction and Pelletisation.The above mentioned technologies can be of great help in the treatment of
water and solid waste management. This shows that solid waste which is normally treated as the cause
of concern, if treated properly it can become a sustainable source of energy.
2.3.4 Key Issues in Development of Human Being
2.3.5 Education / Job Oppourtunity Development
2.3.6 Governmental Issues
2.4 Smart Cities Initiatives taken by

2.4.1 Local Self Government
2.4.2 District Municipal Corporation
District Municipal Corporation may initiate following technologies to make smart city:
(1) Smart Physical Infrastructure: Infrastructure is about establishing new technologies, reuse
oroptimization of existing infrastructure, which is consistent with the principles of urbansustainability
and global sustainable development. The Physical Infrastructure module mainly comprises hard
infrastructure projects of transport & water sector with one component of live ability.
2) Affordable Housing: Urban poor constitute around 40 % of the population of Pune city. They
contributethrough their work, largely in the informal sector, to city’s economic growth. Also they pay local
taxes for goods and services purchased in the city. Thus their basic need of a shelter becomes a prime
subject and hence under the affordable housing module 20,000 houses will be built in next 10 years.
3) Customer Care: The successful functioning of any organization is dependent upon efficient,
Transparent& multi directional flows of information. Thus for efficient working a complete mapping &
survey of customer is proposed along with a centralized customer center where the citizens would be
able to register their grievances, enquiries, billing information and payment etc.
4) River Water Cleaning: The city of Pune is situated on the confluence of river Mula, Mutha&
Mula-Mutha. Discharge of untreated domestic and industrial waste water, garbage dumping and open
defecation on the banks have been the main causes of pollution in the rivers. Understanding the acute
need of cleaning the river and its beautification the project has been envisaged.

5) Startup Zone: A fundamental shift is happening towards startup, friendly policies and abusiness
friendlyenvironment. The need is to nurture the entrepreneurial ecosystem to createmore start-ups as
well as opportunities for the vast young population of the city. Pune has largetechnical talent available
due to its many universities, along with cost-effective real estate and good infrastructure.
6) Transit Hub: In the passenger system, poor modal connectivity is a significant barrier to theuse of
publictransport. Pune city will soon be functional with Metro, BRTS, Feeder system etc.The transit hub
will provide the public transportation services a smoother intermodal interfacesand travel route
connection opportunities that tend to promote higher ridership along witheconomic benefits.

Chapter 3: Falu Village Literature Review

3.1 Introduction:
3.1.1 Real Urban & Rural And Concept
Rural areas are also known as the ‘countryside’ or a ‘village’ in India. It has a very low population density.
In rural areas, agriculture is the chief source of livelihood along with fishing, cottage industries, pottery
etc.
According to the Planning Commission, a town with a maximum population of 15,000 is considered
rural in nature. In these areas the panchayat makes all the decisions. There are five persons in the
panchayat. The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) defines‘rural’ as follows:
• An area with a population density of up to 400 per square 46on-toxic,
• Villages with clear surveyed boundaries but no municipal board,
• A minimum of 75% of male working population involved in agriculture and allied activities.
Urban:
For the Census of India 2011, the definition of urban area is as follows;
1. All places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee, etc.
2. All other places which satisfied the following criteria:
• A minimum population of 5,000;
• At least 75 per cent of the male main working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits; and
• A density of population of at least 400 persons per sq. km.
The first category of urban units is known as Statutory Towns. These towns are notified under law by
the concerned State/UT Government and have local bodies like municipal corporations, municipalities,
municipal committees, etc., irrespective of their demographic characteristics.
3.1.2 Ancient village / different definitions of rural areas/village:
Rural areas have low population density and large amount of undeveloped land. Agricultural activities
are more in rural areas.
Rural areas are large and isolated areas of and open country with low population density.
United states census(2000 census ) defines rural areas as comprising open country and settlements
withfewer than 2500 residents areas designated as rural can have population densities as high as 999
per square mile as 1 person per square mile.

United states development of agriculture (2002 form bill ) defines rural areas as any area other than
acity or town that has a population of greater than 50,000 inhabitants and the urbanized areas
contiguous and adjacent to such town or a city.
National geographic society defines A rural area is an open swath of land that has few homes or
otherbuildings and not very many people.
3.2 Scenario: Rural/Urban India & Gujarat as per

Census 2011 (Population Growth)
Gujarat Urban/Rural Population – Census 2011
As per the Census 2011 out of total population of Gujarat, 42.6% people lived in urban regions
while 57.4% in rural areas. The total figure of population of urban population was25,745,083 out of
which 13,692,101 were males while remaining 12,052,982 were females. In rural areas of Gujarat,
male population was 17,799,159 while female population was 16,895,450.
The average sex ratio in urban regions of Gujarat was 880 females per 1000 males. Also the Child (0-6
age) sex ration of urban areas in Gujarat was 852 girls per 1000 boys. Thus the total children (0-6 age)
living in urban areas of Gujarat were 2,952,359 which is 11.47% of total urban population. Similarly the
average sex ratio in rural areas of Gujarat was 949 females per1000 males. The Child sex ratio of rural
areas in Gujarat was 914 girls per 1000 boys. The average literacy rate in Gujarat for urban regions was
86.31 percent in which males were 90.98% literate while female literacy stood at 81.03%. The total
literate population of Gujarat was 41,093,358. Similarly in rural areas of Gujarat, the average literacy rate
was
71.71percent. Out of which literacy rate of males and females stood at 81.61% and 61.36%respectively.
Total literates in rural areas of Gujarat were 21,420,842.
Rural Urban
Population 57.4% 42.6%
Total population 34,694,609 25,745,083
Male population 17,799,159 13,692,101
Female population 16,895,450 12,052,982
Sex ratio 949 880
Child sex ratio(0-6 age) 914 852
Child population 4,824,903 4,824,903
Literates 21,420,842 19,672,516

Average literacy 71.71% 86.31%

Male literacy 81.61% 90.98%
Female literacy 61.36% 81.03%
Table 1 Gujarat Urban/Rural Population as per Census 2011
India Urban/Rural Population – Census 2011
Rural Urban
Population 54.77% 45.23%
Male population 54.13% 45.87%
Female population 55.45% 44.55%
Sex ratio 948 899
Child sex ratip 880 888
Child population 12.10% 10.63%
Literates 77.09% 89.84%
Male literacy 86.39% 93.79%
Female literacy 67.38% 85.44%
Table 2 Gujarat Urban/Rural Population as per Census 2011
3.3 Rural issues &Concerns:
There are many issues with rural development in India. Though the government is spending a lot
still there is lot to achieve.
3.3.1 Crime free/Dispute Free
The Home Department of the Government of Maharashtra launched the innovative scheme for
Alternative Dispute Resolution in 2007 aimed to address the issues with efforts from the community
for speedy disposal. It was observed that at the village level, disputes often arise over petty issues.
Even though initially few people may be involved, petty disputes if unresolved can contribute to
contention and result in distrust which can further decline mutual relations and are a potential threat
to the peace and harmony of the community. The Mahatma Gandhi Tantamukt Gaon Mohim is a village
level Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) system which seeks to work with a two pronged strategy,
firstly it has a preventive role by virtue of which there is a conscious effort made by the village
community to prevent the occurrence of any passive or regressive conflict – dispute in the village and
secondly to resolve existing disputes at the village level through people’s participation and initiative.

The salient features of this mission are:
1. Formation of Tanta Mukt Samitis at each and every village in the state.
2. Identification of existing disputes, classifying them into criminal, civil, revenue and
3. Noting them down in a register maintained by the samiti.
4. Resolution of existing and new disputes in a democratic, fair and participative manner.
Major Activities:
1. Resolution of pending compoundable criminal civil revenue and other disputes by village committee,
2. Celebration of festivals with communal harmony,
3. Empowerment and delegation of responsibility to villagers to resolve disputes, 4. Precautionary and
preventive steps
3.3.2 Resources
The Bruisers in India were not at all keen in adopting progressive land reforms measures for the rural
farmers. This had given the Zamindaris and the big landlords a golden opportunity to exploit the rural
poor to a great extent. The almost compelling case of land ceiling arises from the absolute and
permanent shortage of land in relation to the population dependent on it, the limited prospect of
transfer of population to non-agricultural occupations or and the need to step up production along with
increase in employment.
3.3.3 Literacy
There is a wide gender disparity in the literacy rate in India: effective literacy rates (age 7 and above) in
2011 were 82.14% for men and 65.46% for women. The low female literacy rate has had a dramatically
negative impact on family planning and population stabilization efforts in India. Studies have indicated
that female literacy is a strong predictor of the use of contraception among married Indian couples, even
when women do not otherwise have economic independence. The census provided a positive indication
that growth in female literacy rates (11.8%) was substantially faster than in male literacy rates (6.9%) in
the 2001–2011 decadal period, which means the gender gap appears to be narrowing.
Adult literacy rate of World Average is 84% (2010); Youth literacy rate at 15-24 age is 89.6% (2010) while
Adult literacy rates in India is 74.04% (2011) and Youth literacy rate is 15-24 age is 90.2% (2015)

3.3.4 Health/Hygenic
Lower number of toilets, water stagnation, non-awareness, Drinking water quality in rural India are
the major problems.
Though the rural economic distress does not affect all farmers equally but the lower and middle- class
farmers who are in a majority are forced to send their siblings to the urban areas to find new sources of
livelihood. In cities, they are forced to remain in slums and work as daily wageearners due to the lack of
education and proper training.
The standard of living of the rural farmers is very low and their misuse by big landlords, intermediaries
and financiers is far greater. The other rural problems are due to the fact that since the rural people do
not live in concentrated masses, the availability of focused services to them is minimal. This is true for
medical, market, banking, transport, communication, education ,recreation and many other necessary
services for modern living. Thus, in a general way, people in the rural areas are at a great disadvantage
and have to suffer many social problems.
3.3.5 Women Empowerment
There is a wide gender disparity in the literacy rate in India: effective literacy rates (age 7 and above) in
2011 were 82.14% for men and 65.46% for women. The low female literacy rate has had a dramatically
negative impact on family planning and population stabilization efforts in India. Studies have indicated
that female literacy is a strong predictor of the use of contraception among married Indian couples, even
when women do not otherwise have economic independence. The census provided a positive indication
that growth in female literacy rates (11.8%) was substantially faster than in male literacy rates (6.9%) in
the 2001–2011 decadal period, which means the gender gap appears to be narrowing.
3.3.6 Any Other
Poverty
The recently-released India Rural Development Report, which is endorsed by the government, says 7% of
the rural population is ‘very poor’; villages in eastern Indian states are the worst affected.
Employment
Unemployment is a big problem in rural India. Youth are being migrated in search of better employment
in urban areas the aged remained in rural India. Agriculture land remained same but population is
growing. With the advancement of civilization, machines with modern technologies have been
introduced, the unemployment is increasing many fold.

Migration to urban
Economic Factors, Lack of Income Generating Opportunities in Rural Sector, Urban Job Opportunities,
Social Factor, Health, Education & Finance Factor, and Lack of available infrastructure are some of
the major factors for migration in rural India.
3.4 Various measures for rural development:

Rural development is the national necessity and it has following measures:
1. To develop rural area as whole in terms of culture, society, economy, technology and health.
2. To develop living slandered of rural mass.
3. To develop rural youths, children and women.
4. To develop and empower human resource of rural area in terms of their psychology, skill, knowledge,
attitude and other abilities.
5. To develop infrastructure facility of rural area.
6. To provide minimum facility to rural mass in terms of drinking water, education, transport, electricity
and communication.
7. To develop rural institutions like Panchayat, cooperatives, post, banking and credit.
8. To provide financial assist to develop the artisans in the rural areas, farmers and agrarian unskilled
labor, small and big rural entrepreneurs to improve their economy.
9. To develop rural industries through the development of handicrafts, small scaled industries, village
industries, rural crafts, cottage industries and other related economic operations in the rural sector.
10. To develop agriculture, animal husbandry and other agricultural related areas.
11. To restore uncultivated land, provide irrigation facilities and motivate farmers to adopt improved
seed, fertilizers, package of practices of crop cultivation and soil conservation methods.
3.5 Good governance Project:

Good governance is an intermediate term used in the international development literature to describe
how public instituitions conduct public affairs and manage public resources.
Governance is “the process of decision making and the process by which decisions are implemented. The
term governance can apply to corporate, international , national , local governance or to the interactions
between other sectors of society.
The concept of “good governance “often emerges as a model to compare ineffective economics or
political bodies with viable economics and political bodies.

3.6 Rurban Cluster

A ‘Rurban cluster’, would be a cluster of geographically contiguous villages with a population of about
25000 to 50000 in plain and coastal areas and with a population of 5000 to15000 in desert, hilly or tribal
areas. As far as practicable, clusters of villages would followadministrative convergence units of Gram
Panchayats and shall be within a single block/tehsilfor administrative convenience. Rurban clusters will
be developed by providing training that islinked to economic activities, developing skills & local
entrepreneurship. Necessaryinfrastructure amenities will also be provided.
3.7 Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana Gram Panchayat

Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana is a rural development programme broadly focusing uponthe development in
the villages which includes social development, cultural development andspread motivation among the
people on social mobilization of the village community. Theprogramme was launched by the Prime
Minister of India, Narendra Modi on the birthanniversary of Jayaprakash Narayan, on 11 October 2014.
The distinct feature of this Yojana is that it is (a) demand driven (b) inspired by society in
the based on people’s participation.
Objectives:
Key objectives of the Yojana include:
1.The development of model villages, called Adarsh Grams, through the implementation of existing
schemes, and certain new initiatives to be designed for the local context, which may vary from village to
village.
2. Creating models of local development which can be replicated in other villages.
The Plan:
Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana was initiated to bring the member of parliament of all the political parties
under the same umbrella while taking the responsibility of developing physical and institutional
infrastructure in villages and turn them into model villages. Under this scheme ,each member of
parliament needs to choose one village each from the constituency that they represent, except their
own village or their in-laws village and fix parameters and make it a model village by 2016.
Thereafter, they can take on two or three more villages and do the same by the time thenext general
elections come along in 2019, and thereafter, set themselves ten-year-long village orrural
improvement projects. Villages will be offered smart schools, universal access to basichealth facilities
and Puccha housing to homeless villagers.

Funding:
No new funds are allocated to this Yojana and funds may be raised through:
1. Funds from existing schemes, such as the Indira Awas Yojana, Pradhan Mantri GramSadak Yojana,
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, andBackward Regions Grant Fund,
etc.,
2. The Member of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS),
3. The gram panchayat’s own revenue,
4. Central and State Finance Commission Grants, and
5. Corporate Social Responsibility funds.
Strategies:
In order to convert the identified village into an Adarsh Gram through the specifiedactivities, the
following are the possible strategies:
1. Entry point activities to energize and mobilize the community towards positive commonaction
2. Participatory planning exercise for identifying peoples’ needs and priorities in anintegrated manner
3. Converging resources from Central Sector and Centrally Sponsored Schemes and alsoother State
schemes to the extent possible.
4. Repairing and renovating existing infrastructure to the extent possible.
5. Strengthening the Gram Panchayats and peoples’ institutions within them 6. Promoting transparency
and accountability
3.8 Award winning gram panchayat pradhans:

• Deen dayal upadhyay panchayat sashaktikaran purashkar(DDUPSP)
• Nanaji deshmukh rashtriya Gaurav gram sabha purashkar (NDRGGSP)
• Awards of MGNREGS activities.
• Nirmal gram purashkar.
The sarpanch of the kasturi village , tirupati reddy will receive the award from PM at
Jamshedpur , Jharkhand state on april 24,2016 has been awarded as the best panchayat in
57on-t.
• Rashtriya Gaurav gram sabha purashkar

• PRADHANS:
1. Shri S P Tucker
2.Shri V K Pipersenla
3.Shri Vivek Kumar Dhund
4.Shri G R Aloria
5.Shri S M Vijaynand
6.Shri R B Verma
7.Shri Arvind Jadhav
3.9 Actions towards Poverty Free
Poverty has multiple dimensions Addressing poverty is one of the toughest challenges in this world.
Poverty is a multi-dimensional phenomenon. There are several economic, social, gender and other
deprivations contributing to poverty. The problems of poverty and unemployment are inter-linked and
need a concrete action plan. In order to ensure sustainable employment and eradicate poverty, we
need to invest in human capital. Towards this investment we need to make sure that the following are
available to citizens:
Education –we need to ensure that all children go to school and do not drop out ofschool. This in
turnmeans ensuring that basic facilities such as teachers, books, evenroads and toilets in schools are
present and functioning in the Gram Panchayat (GP).
Health –Ill health is a drain on resources. Loss of wages and related medical expensescan easily turn
aprosperous family into destitute.
Housing, sanitation, social protection –which are all basic services that impact health,wellbeing
andultimately poverty.
Opportunities for employment –creation of labor banks, skilling farmers onmechanization can
allcontribute towards creating employment opportunities .
Enabling environment for thrift and credit, micro finance, opening of bankaccounts and linkages with
banks –this will make financing a micro enterprise easierwithin a short span of time. A critical
outcomemay be the disappearance of moneylenders from the village. This will have very significant
impact on reducing ruralpoverty.

Improving land productivity –this would ensure availability of safe and nutritiousfood, which will in
turnimprove health and income of the poor.
Even if some or all of the above are made available, there would still be outliers. A survey for
identifying vulnerable families – SC, ST, women headed, members with physically and mentally
challenged, chronically ill or bedridden persons. Factors leading to their poverty may be different and
this requires personalized approaches.
What can a Gram Panchayat Do – the Action Points
• Take steps to create an in depth understanding of the term ‘poverty’ among the Panchayat committee
and other community volunteers.
• Disseminate information about various schemes for poor and vulnerable through ASHA workers,
Anganwadi workers and school teachers.
• Facilitate SHG formation, their hand holding and training.
• Identify the poor through validation of the list of people living with multiple deprivations as per socio-
economic caste census data.
• Develop criteria for identification of the poor, destitute and vulnerable.
• Initiate participatory surveys for their identification and need assessment.
• Ensure transparency in the selection process/providing benefits
• Set the goals and targets for your Gram Panchayat.
• Develop a comprehensive programme based on need assessment, goals and targets.
• Converge different agencies, their programmes and schemes .and community organizations which can
support the Gram Panchayat.
• Facilitate registration in PDS.
• Develop a monitoring mechanism for the actions.

3.10 India State Specific Special Finance Grant For Village

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO MINING AFFECTED VILLAGE PANCHAYAT:
The Govt. of Goa has decided to provide financial assistance to mining affected Village Panchayats by
granting them one time Grants-in-aid so as to empower the local bodies to tide over the financial crisis
due to halting of mining. The grants sanctioned as one time financial assistance under this scheme to any
one mining affected village Panchayat shall be a fixed amount of Rs. 5 lakhs. The Village Panchayat to
whom grants are sanctioned shall utilize the same within 1 year from the date of drawal of grants. The
scheme is in the formulation stage and has been send to the Govt, for necessary action. The scheme shall
remain in force till 31/3/2015.Overall 93 Village Panchayats of Sanguem, Dharbandora, Quepem,
Bicholim and Ponda Taluka will be covered under this Scheme.
DEENDAYAL PANCHAYATI RAJ INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT SCHEME 2013:
Under this scheme the Govt. takes up the infrastructure project in every Panchayat amounting to 1 Crore.
The Panchayat has to decide the project to be undertaken and will be executed through GSIDC, GTDC or
such other agency. Funds will be allotted to the agency in 3 installments within 30 days after receiving the
detail proposal.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT SCHEME AT PANCHAYAT LEVEL:
The Govt. has decided to make a token provision of Rs.10.00 lakhs to attend calamities during the
monsoon period from June to Sept.2014. The scheme is in the formulation stage and will be forwarded
to the Govt. for necessary action.
3.11 Project Schemes By Govt / Private Sector
Rural development as an integral part of country’s socio-economic development has been recognized as a
sine qua non. The goal of rural development is the enrichment of the quality of human life in rural areas
accompanied by bridging the rural-urban gap through provision of all amenities. The national policy and
programs for a successful rural development task should aim at diversification of economic activities,
minimizing the dependence of rural households on agriculture and bringing about a significant increase in
the share in both output and employment of allied activities, rural industries, business and service
components of the rural economy. If this is not pursued, rural development merely remains as
agricultural development and neither solves the problem of rural employment and poverty nor of
equitable distribution of resources and income-generating assets.

This article reviews broadly Government’s initiatives to accelerate the process of rural development,
programs and performance of the Integrated Rural Development and Swaranjayanti Gram
Swarozgar Yojana and makes suggestions to improve the effectiveness of the National Rural
Livelihood Mission currently being implemented.
Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana:

Since 1 April 1999, the “Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana [SGSY]” for the selfemployment of the
rural poor has been under implementation after restructuring and merging the erstwhile IRDP and its
allied programs. The program aims at bringing the assisted BPL families above the Poverty Line through
[i] organizing rural poor into Self-Help-Groups

[ii] establishing micro enterprises in rural areas based on the ability of the poor and potential of each
area.
[iii] provision of credit linked capital subsidy to help beneficiaries acquire income- generating assets
[iv] training of beneficiaries in group dynamics and skill development for managing microenterprises
[v] marketing support with focus on market research, upgradation and diversification of products,
packaging, creation of marketing facilities
[vi] provision of infrastructure development fund to provide missing critical links.
[i] weaknesses in the planning and implementation process, improper formation, nurturing and
working of SHGs, not strictly as per NABARD guidelines
[ii] subsidy acted as a tempting factor rather than enabling one to acquire income generating
assets through bank credit resulting in unsatisfactory loan repayment as compared to SHG
Bank Linkage Program
[iii] estimated income was not generated because of lack of effective coordination and
systematic monitoring of SGSY implementation
[iv] heavy concentration on agriculture and that too milch animals
[v] inadequate use of funds earmarked for capacity building and skill development training,
infrastructure development and marketing support. Deficiencies were observed in varying
degrees in all States but were more pronounced in States of North-east region, Uttar
Pradesh, Uttrakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhatisgarh, Bihar,
Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal in particular.
Implementation of IRDP till November 1999 and SGSY since April 1999 could not alleviate rural poverty
as expected, as according to NSS round [2004-05], 41.8% rural population had monthly per capita
expenditure of Rs.447, which some economists consider Below Starvation Line instead BPL. Besides,
according to Multidimensional Poverty Index [MPI] worked out by
UNDP and Oxford University, July 2010, about 645 million people [55%] in India were poor. As against 410
million MPI poor in 26 of the poorest African countries, eight Indian States [Bihar, Chhattisgarh,
Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal] had 421 million MPI

poor. The MPI reveals a vivid spectrum of challenges facing the poorest households. MPI considers 10 sharp
indicators, namely Education [child enrolment and years of schooling]; Health [child mortality and nutrition]
and Standard of living [electricity, drinking water, sanitation, cooking fuel, flooring and assets]. A global
report on poverty eradication of the U.N. Secretary-General [2010] shows that economic growth is evident
for the progress in China in reducing extreme poverty and raising living standards, whereas India is expected
to be home to more than 300 million in poverty out of 900 million predicted to be in extreme poverty in
2015. National Rural Livelihood Mission Acknowledging the fact that out of the
National Rural Livelihood Mission
Acknowledging the fact that out of the estimated 70 million rural BPL households as per 2010 projections,
as many as 45 million households still need to be organized into SHGs and the existing SHGs need further
strengthening and intensive financial support, the Government approved the restructuring the SGSY as
the National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) and implemented in a mission mode across the country. It
has already been launched in Rajasthan in June, 2011. The Government is planning to increase the
number of members in women Self Help-Groups (SHGs) to 70 million in next five years from the current
30 million, effectively bringing one member each from all the families of BPL into the fold of the NRLM.
While NRLM is working with an objective to bring all the SHGs into the fold of federations and bank
linkage, the Government has launching a scheme for them where micro-loans would be given at a
concessional rate of 7% interest. Besides, the Government has identified 150 districts in the country
based on various parameters where micro credit would be extended only at 4% interest to these women
groups. The ultimate aim of the NRLM is to help 80% of the SHGs come out of dependence on the
Government in the next 10 years, meaning they will have to achieve self sufficiency through various
livelihood programs and other business models.
Integrated Rural Development Program
Since independence Government has allocated significant resources to alleviate rural poverty. Realizing
that piecemeal efforts in the sphere of rural development have not achieved the targeted objectives,
the concept of Integrated Rural Development Program [IRDP] was first proposed in the Union Budget of
1976-77 to provide self-employment opportunities to the rural poor through provision of capital subsidy
and bank credit so as to help rural poor acquire productive income-generating assets and training to
upgrade their skills. This innovation of direct attack on rural poverty under the IRDP can help below
poverty line rural households cross the poverty line on a sustained basis. In 1978- 79 with some
modifications the program initially covered 2300 blocks and focused family as a unit rather than
individuals. With addition of 300 blocks during 1979-80, it covered 2600 blocks identifying 53 lakh
families for assistance as on 31 March 1980. From October 2, 1980 IRDP was extended to all blocks in the
country stipulating targets for SCs/STs and Women beneficiaries and emphasizing primary, secondary and
tertiary sectors of rural economy. The District Rural Development Agencies were specifically established
to plan and implement IRDP and monitor/review the performance with regard to number of targeted

beneficiaries crossing the poverty line, among others. Thus, IRDP basically attempted to attack directly on
rural poverty aiming at removing the poverty and unemployment in rural areas through the adoption of
the family as a unit of planning and making it self-employed by providing technically feasible and
bankable schemes which lead to generation of additional income.
The IRDP was conceptualized as a program oriented towards development of a given area rather than
development of specific sector. It was designed to alleviate poverty through local level planning taking
into account development of local resources including human resources through formulating projects on
scientific lines. The strategy was to identify the poorest of the poor families in the target group and to
provide him all the needed assistance and services for taking up economic activities which have
potential to generate such a significant incremental income that a beneficiary shall be left with a
sufficient surplus to enhance his standard of living to a level which would be above the poverty line.
The program could not achieve its objectives because of lack of desired appreciation of [i] the concept
and modalities of IRDP and its integrated approach [ii] scientific planning exercise at grassroots [iii]
developing a result oriented strategy and action plan [iv] effective coordination and support from other
institutions and agencies. The DRDA specifically established with specified objectives to assist Below
Poverty Line families to cross poverty line directed its effort to achieve physical targets, viz. the number
of beneficiaries assisted, subsidy amount released and bank credit disbursed rather than actual number
of families crossing the poverty line. While beneficiaries were interested more in availing the subsidy
rather than acquiring income generating 1010 Kurukshetra February 2014 assets and maintaining them,
DRDA and banks were interested in achieving their physical and financial targets. Lack of scientific
planning, monitoring the implementation process and concurrent evaluation to get feedback for further
improving the program also contributed to unsatisfactory performance.
The Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana, or Saubhagya, complements the government’s
aggressive village electrification programme, the Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojana
launched in July 2015, under which 78% of 18,000 villages have been electrified.
UJWAL Discom Assurance Yojana (UDAY):

To obtain operational and financial turnaround of State owned Power Distribution Companies (DISCOMs).
‘Prakash Path’ – ‘Way to Light’ –

The National LED Programme: To distribute LED bulbs and decrease the power consumption.
Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS):

To ensure 24/7 power for all.
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY):

Electric supply feeder separation (rural households & agricultural) and strengthening of sub-transmission
& distribution infrastructure including metering at all levels in rural areas

Different Yojana announced by Government:-
1952 Community development program

1953 National Extension Services
1959 Panchayati Raj
1960 High Yielding Variety Programme
1995 Indira Awaas Yojana
2000 Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
2005 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
1995 National Social Assistance Programme
2005 Bharat Nirman/Common Minimum Program/Varsha Bima Scheme
2009 Aajeevika Skills
2001 Watershed Development
2003 HARIYALI
2005 National Horticulture Mission
2005 Support to State Extension Programmes for Extension Reforms
2007 Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana
2007 National Food Security Mission
2009 Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana
Table 3 Different yojna
3.12 Other Projects/Schemes

(1) MGNREGS: Bori Bandh, Pond Deepening
(2) WASMO: Water tanks and Pipe Line,
(3) Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC): Drainage Line, Toilet
(4) SGSY: -Woman empowerment
(5) Atal Pension Yojana

Chapter 4: Concept of Infrastructure Facilities

4.1. Various Infrastructure
4.1.1 Facilities With Type

An ideal village should have the following facilities:
A) Physical Facilities:
i) Road Facilities:
An ideal village must have good road facilities that the people can easily move from one place to other.
The roads linking with the other nearby village or town or city must be provided.
ii) Dwelling Houses:
The dwelling-house in an ideal village are very neat and clean. The dwellers of these houses look to the
house sanitation and house-drainage. The houses have sufficient windows to let in light and air. All the
houses are roofed by good tiles at least.
iii) Electricity:
The electricity should be supplied 24 hours. The village should have good facilities of electricity
because most of the work now days depend on electricity.
B) Social Facilities:
i) Sanitation and Drainage:
An ideal village has good system of sanitation and drainage. Because filth and rubbish of the village
should be regularly removed away into the compost pits. An ideal village has very good drains so that the
dirty water of the village is properly drained away.
ii) Food and fooder:
The villagers grow food for themselves and fodder for their cattle. They eat fresh and healthy food.
They grow good grass for fodder and also leave sufficient land for pasture.

iii) Drinking Water:
An ideal village should have good supply of drinking water. There are enough tube-wells in an ideal
village. There are separate ponds for men and cattle.
iv) Agriculture and Industry:
People of an ideal village are good farmers and good artisans. They grow food crops, commercial crops
and oil-seeds. They take up improved method of farming. They do all kinds of home-industry including
spinning and weaving.
v) Educational Facilities:
There are Primary schools, High schools and craft schools in an ideal village. Primary education is
free and compulsory.
vi) Clinical Facilities:
In an ideal village, there are clinical facilities for men and the domestic animals. Hence, there
are dispensaries and veterinary dispensaries.
C) Socio-Cultural Facilities:These includes facilities like playgrounds,

library,gardens, lake etc.
D) Sustainable Facilities:An ideal village should have facilities like biogas plant, solar systems,
use of rain water harvesting system etc.

4.3 Various guidelines/norms for village for the provisions of differenting

frastructure facilities:
Education Facilities Planning Required as per

Commission/UDPFI Norms Norms
Aanganwadi Each Village 1
Primary School Each Village 1
Secondary School Per7,500Population 2
Higher Secondary School Per15,000Population 0
College Per125,000Population 0
Tech. Training Institute Per100,000Population 0

Agriculture Research Centre Per100,000Population 0
Medical Facility
Gov./Panchayat Dispensary or Each Village 1
Sub PHC or Health Centre
PHC&CHC Per20,000Population 0
Child Welfare and Maternity Per10,000Population 1

Home
Hospital Per100,000Population 0
Transportation
Pucca Village Approach Road Each Village
Bus/Auto Stand Provision All Villages connected by PT(ST Bus 1

or Auto)
Drinking Water
Water Facilities
Over Head Tank 1/3 of Total Demand 1.6laccap

U/G sump 2/3 of Total Demand 3.2laccap

Public Latrines Each Village 60
Cremation Ground Per20,000Population 1

Post Office Per10,000Population 1
Gram Panchayat Building Each individual/group Panchayat 1
APMC Per100,000Population 0
Fire Station Per100,000Population 0
Police Station Per15,000Population 0

Community Hall Per10,000Population 1
Table 4: UDPFI
4.3 Sustainable Development
“Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present withoutcompromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts:
• The concept of needs, in particular the essential needs of the world’s poor, to whichoverriding
priority should be given; and
• The idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the
environment’s ability to meet present and future needs.”

Fig 13 Sustainable Energy Resource
Nearly 73 % of India’s population lives in more than 5.5 lakh villages. The ministry has been supporting
programs for the use of renewable energy products and devices such as biogas plants, solar thermal
systems, photovoltaic devices, biomass gasifiers, etc. as well as the Integrated Rural Energy Programme.
Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms,
it derives directly from the sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth .Included in the definition
is electricity and heat generated from solar, wind, ocean ,hydropower , ,biomass, geothermal resources,
and bio fuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources.
Renewable energy source plans like Biogas power generation, storing of rain water by rainwater
harvesting system, use of solar energy, use of wind power etc. may be used. These renewable
energies may be used for power generation, heating and for transportation purpose.
4.3 Renewable energy source planning particularly for villages

The renewable sources of energy which are proposed to be used in meeting the energy demand of
a village include biomass and solar. Biomass can be produced from agro waste, mainly paddy and
wheat in the case of this village and can be utilized to generate electricity in a biomass plant. Biomass
generator and biomass resource.
The biomass gasification system is a technology which converts any kind of biomass energy with low
heat value (such as waste from agriculture and forest and organic waste) into combustible gas and
then feeds this gas to a generator for electricity generation. Further study in 7.2.1.
4.4 Existing Institution like – Village Administration – Detail Profile

Bachat Mandali:
Bachat Mandali is a kind of organization in which villagers invest their money. Bachat Mandali
provides facilities almost similar to bank. Villagers can invest their money in bachatmandali and
withdraw their money whenever they want. There is no Bachat mandali inAnandpar village.
Dudh mandali

Mahila Mandal:
Mahila Mandalas are voluntary service organizations which work for the betterment ofthe women in the
villages of India. These rural women are interested in working together withthe help of Gram Sevikas,
Mukhya Sevikas, Supervisor, and Program Officer.
This comes under the ministry of Women and Child Development and is in the custody of the state
government. These women work for the betterment of other women and children who need Nutrition
education, family welfare, food storage and help them also in immunization of children, small saving
accounts of women, provision of bathrooms, smokeless chulhas, women crafts centre, and balwadis.
Registered Mahila Mandals have representatives across all sections of the society and they can have
executive committee up to 5 members. The government pays them an amount for the training of up to
5 members of each new mandal and also pays for the basic equipments and stationery etc.
The Objectives of these Mahila mandalas are:
1. To make women self reliant and conscious of their human and constitutional rights and toput pressure
on the state for fulfilling its obligation towards its people.
2. To nurture women’s physical and emotional health.
3. To provide vocational training and credit facilities to women for self-employment.
4. To create a sustainable and humane mode of development through people’s active involvement in rural
Maharashtra.
5. To create a progressive space in society for all its deprived people, and to specifically resist casteism,
sexism, religious chauvinism and homophobia.
6. To work towards the elimination of discrimination, inequality, intolerance and violence –both, within
and outside the home.
7. To work towards the creation of a society based on equality, freedom, democracy, diversity and peace.
In short, the Government has started these programs to improve the life of rural women who do
not have education and are illiterate. If the women are educated their life and their children will
also improve and through that our country.

4.5 Ancient Start History Of Civil Concept From Indian Village / Foreign
Countries Perspective / Development
The history of India includes the prehistoric settlements and societies in theIndian subcontinent;
the advancement of civilisation from theIndus Valley Civilisationto the eventual blending of
theIndo-Aryanculture to form theVedic Civilisation; the rise ofHinduism,Jainism, andBuddhism;
the onset of a succession ofpowerful dynasties and empiresfor more than three millennia
throughout various geographic areas of the Indian subcontinent, including the growth ofMuslim
dominionsduring theMedieval periodintertwined with Hindu powers; the advent ofEuropean
traders and privateers, resulting in the establishment ofBritish India; and the
subsequentindependence movementthat led to thePartition of Indiaand the creation of
theRepublic of India.
Muslim rule started in parts of north India in the 13th century when theDelhi Sultanatewas
founded in 1206 CE by Central AsianTurksthough earlier Muslim conquests made limited inroads
into modern Afghanistan and Pakistan as early as the 8th century. The Delhi Sultanate ruled the
major part of northern India in the early 14th century, but declined in the late 14th century. This
period also saw the emergence of several powerful Hindu states,
notablyVijayanagara,Gajapati,Ahom, as well asRajput states, such asMewar. The 15th century saw
the advent ofSikhism. The early modern period began in the 16th century, when
theMughalsconquered most of the Indian subcontinent. The Mughals suffered a gradual decline in
the early 18th century, which provided opportunities for theMarathas,SikhsandMysoreansto
exercise control over large areas of the Indian subcontinent.
From the late 18th century to the mid-19th century, large areas of India were annexed by theBritish East
India Companyof theBritish Empire. Dissatisfaction with Company rule led to theIndian Rebellion of 1857,
after which theBritish provincesof India were directly administered by theBritish Crownand witnessed a
period of rapid development of infrastructure, economic decline andmajor famines. During the first half
of the 20th century, a nationwide struggle for independence was launched with the leading party
involved being theIndian National Congresswhich was later joined by other organisations. The Indian
subcontinent gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, after the British provinces were
partitioned into the dominions of India and Pakistan and theprincely statesallaccededto one of the new
states.

Chapter 5: Introduction about the your village details

5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 About falu Village

Falu is a Village in Vijapur Taluka in Mahesana District of Gujarat State, India. It is located 48 KM
towards East from District head quarters Mehsana. 12 KM from . 57 KM from State capital
Gandhinagar
Falu Pin code is 382870 and postal head office is Vijapur .
Agalod ( 2 KM ) , Jepur ( 3 KM ) , Hathipura ( 4 KM ) , Pedhamali ( 4 KM ) , Madhi ( 4 KM ) are the

nearby Villages to Falu. Falu is surrounded by Sabar Kantha Taluka towards East , Himatnagar
Taluka towards East , Vadnagar Taluka towards North , Prantij Taluka towards South .
Vijapur , Himatnagar , Prantij , Vadnagar are the near by Cities to Falu.
This Place is in the border of the Mahesana District and Gandhinagar District. Gandhinagar
District Mansa is South towards this place . Also it is in the Border of other district Sabar Kantha
5.1.2 Study Justification/Need of the Study
The developmental work in villages that could under taken as per the need of the villagein
particular includes.
Physical infrastructure facilities (Water, Drainage, Road, Electricity, ,Storm Water Network,
Telecommunication & other), Social infrastructure facilities (Education,Health, Sanitation), Socio- Cultural
Facilities (Community Hall, Library, Recreation Facilities &other) and Sustainable Infrastructures (Rain
water harvesting, Biogas plant, Eco Toilets, SolarStreet lights & other) for effective development of
Villages.
“Vishwakarma Yojana” has provided the platform for real world experience to engineering students and
simultaneously apply their technical knowledge in the rural infrastructure development.
5.1.3 Study Area (Broadly define)

Why study needed for rural areas?
The importance of rural areas can be calculated properly when it realize the importance of rural society.
Rural area presents a scientific picture of rural lifecycle. Villages are important because they are the
spirals to feed urban areas. The importance of rural area can be put under following heads.
Man has a need to know human relationship and this can be satisfied through rural area.

Rural Population is in a Majority:

In India is built by num. of village in villages. It is true that over 80% population of India resides in villages.
It Gives Broad Knowledge of Village Life:

Rural area gives us complete knowledge of village life. Village is the first step of development in country.
It is a center of culture of any country.
Rural Improvement:
Rural reformation is the primary aim of rural areas. In this context it helps in following works.
i) Organization:
Rural are a unit which are planed and can be planned through rural areas. It better in the
co-ordination of various unit sand helps in bringing an development in economic, social and
health conditions.
ii) Economic Improvement:

Through detailed study of village problems and surveillance rural sociology gives stress on
the importance of increasing the quantity and quality of living life style. This results in to
raising the standard of living.
iii) Development Technology and Systematic Knowledge and reforms in Farm Production: Main
population of80% population of village is agriculture.In order to improving this main population of
rural people. The previous researches in rural areas was made in agricultural college.
iv) Solutions of Compulsive Social Problems:

Rural areas examines the social compulsive problems and it suggests ways for the improving
these problem.
v) Education:
The improvement for rural area ,the development of any community depends on its education.
Rural area lays stress on education in rural problems.

vi) Planning for Rural area Development:

Rural area inspires the development of various plans for any rural development 71ontoxic71. The
work must be carried out according to these plans for the progress in rural area.
Rural area is Most Important in Agricultural Countries:
About 80% of world progress is based on agriculture. It is only in agricultural countries that
people understand the importance of rural area. India is agricultural country. For its all
sided development the development of rural area is very important.
Problems of village area:
• The villagers are poor, ignorant and silly.

• Most of the villages have no amenities like good roads, schools and hospitals.
• The condition of village schools is not suitable. Moreover, the villagers don’t know the status of
education.
• A large number of children are involved in economic activities, mainly agriculture.
• They do not know the impotent of health.
5.1.4 Objectives of the study

Creation of infrastructure – connectivity, civic and social infrastructure along with:
• Provision of alternative livelihood generation is the key pillars.
• Basic Physical Infrastructure – Water Supply, Transport, Sewerage and Solid Waste Management should
be the priority focus and be provided.
• Basic Social Infrastructure – Health and Education facilities should be provided and ensure proper
delivery of facilities to village dwellers.
• Promote integrated development of rural areas with provision of quality housing, better connectivity,
employment opportunities and supporting physical and social infrastructure.
• Reduce migration from rural to urban areas due to lack of basic services and sufficient economic
activities in rural areas.
• Internal roads within village settlement, Efficient Mass Transportation systems to improve connectivity
between urban and rural areas, Public transportation facilities that need to be developed like bus stops,
transport depot etc.

• Identification of sanitation facilities that need improvement – sewerage and drainage line for household
connection, door to door solid waste collection & dumping facilities.
• Refurbishing of village lakes, water tanks and wells, construction of rain water harvesting structures for
sustainable Development.
• Development of socio culture facilities like community hall, public library, recreational activities and
repairing of existing amenities.
• Repair & maintenance of Existing Public Buildings like Gram Panchayat, Public Library, School Buildings,
Health Center, Public Toilet Block & Other.
5.1.5 Scope of the Study
It can be development of the village for basic facility. Whole area and people to change the improving.
Population growth high to development village and their rural area compare to the urban area. It is very
essential to develop village because India’s development depends upon the progress of the villages. India
is agriculture country and poverty can be removed through improvement in agriculture. Solutions of
rural problems can bring the change in the rural society.
The country and its society can be reconstructed only through rural developments. For successful
implementation of democratic decentralization, the village community is to be studied in detail. Rural
sociology can help to organize the disorganized Indian in detail. The extension worker must know the
rural culture, rural institutions, problems, resources etc. for successful transfer of technology for
improvement of agriculture. It can be achieved through the study of rural sociology. Through the
technology and communication methods are known to the extension workers. The study of rural
sociology helps the extension worker to transfer the technology. For successful implementation of
the community development programmed the knowledge of rural sociology is very essential.

5.1.6 Methodology/ Study Frame Work
Figure 14 Study Frame Work

(A)Methodology-Implementation:
The techno-economic survey of villages has been conducted in different districts of theGujarat state in
terms of basic and public amenities, other infrastructural facilities. The project had been divided into
three parts:
(i) Techno-economic survey of villages: Collected all essential information from village such as:
Household data, Occupational detail, Water facilities, Drainage facilities, Sanitation availability, Storm
water network, Solid waste Management facilities, Electricity Networks,Recreation facilities, Education
facilities, Health Facilities, Transportation facilities, Road network, Irrigation system, Use of non-
conventional energy sources, Migration rate, Literacy rate and other necessary data.
(ii) Development document preparation: Plan and estimate of proposed development by assessing
gap analysis
(iii) Detailed Project report (DPR): Preparation of development strategies and action plan

(B) Data Analysis:
GAP analysis for all the selected villages were performed by comparing existing with the required
facilities. Rural Planning Norms and UDPFI (Urban Development Plans, Formulation and Implementation)
guidelines were taken as a reference for providing infrastructure facilities.
IN THE Design Proposals:
As per the gap analysis the proposed development and planning Strategies have been designed as per all
the regulations and norms along with the consultation of concerned Government Officials (TDO, DDO &
Sarpanch). Students of all respective villages have prepared design proposals for essential infrastructure
facilities, prepared ready to execute documents, Detail estimates with abstract sheet, Measurement
sheets, Recapitulation Sheet and Detail Drawings.
In the designing Phase, the students have proposed various designs from the
(i) Physical infrastructure facilities (Water, Drainage, Road, Electricity & Solid-liquid waste Management)
(ii) Social infrastructure facilities (Education, Health & Sanitation facilities)
(iii) Socio-cultural facilities (Community Hall, Library, Recreation Facilities & other)
(iv) Sustainable infrastructures (Rain water harvesting, Biogas plant, Solar Street lights, Eco sanitation &
other)
(v) Repair & Maintenance of public buildings for overall development of village.
5.1.7 List of Objects Available Related to Civil Methodology

(A) Methodology-Implementation: The techno-economic survey of villages has been conducted in different
districts of the Gujarat state in terms of basic and public amenities, other infrastructural facilities. The
project had been divided into three parts:
(i) Techno-economic survey of villages: Collected all essential information from village such as:
Household data, Occupational detail, Water facilities, Drainage facilities, Sanitation availability, Storm water
network, Solid waste Management facilities, Electricity Networks, Recreation facilities, Education facilities,
Health Facilities, Transportation facilities, Road network, Irrigation system, Use of nonconventional energy
sources, Migration rate, Literacy rate and other necessary data.
(ii) Development document preparation: Plan and estimate of proposed development by assessing gap
analysis

5.2 Falu Village Study Area Profile

5.2.1 Study area location
Our village FALU has not properly developed. So many problems are there in this village. Infrastructure
development is very slowly in this village. Rare kuttcha house in this village. Kuttcha house and pakka
house ratio of this village is 90% & 10%. Kuttcha house is 90% and pucka house is 10%.
Our group has visited this village and saw many government building are in bad situation and required to
be re-c0nstructed. Mainly the panchayat building are worst condition. Primary health center is worst
condition. Anganwadi is totally damaged.so our team has decided the panchayat building and
anganwadi has recreate this building.
Panchayat building has recreate because village all data and all work done by panchayat but in this
village panchayat building has totally worst condition.so our team has decided the recreate the
panchayat building. Because the village reputation is depend on village development.
So first of all need the properly panchayat building. In this village anganwadi is damaged condition and
so many student are study there so our team has decided recreate this building. Anganwadi flooring,
wall, roof,window are mostly damaged condition.
Fig. 15:-Location of Chaklad village on google map

5.2.2 Physical & Demographical Growth

Demographical Growth:
Falu Local Language is Gujarati. Falu Village Total population is 4019, Out of which 2,077 are males
and1,942and number of houses are 844. Female Population is 48.3%. Village literacy rate is 84.6% and the
FemaleLiteracy rate is 39.3%..
Census Parameter Census Data

Total Population 4019
Total No of Houses 844
Female Population % 48.3 % ( 1942)
Total Literacy rate % 84.6 % ( 3399)
Female Literacy rate 39.3 % ( 1579)
Scheduled Tribes Population % 0.1 % ( 6)
Scheduled Caste Population % 8.5 % ( 343)
Working Population % 54.3 %
Child(0 -6) Population by 2011 430
Girl Child(0 -6) Population % by 2011 46.7 % ( 201)
Table no 5: Caste wise male female population 2011 – FALU
Physical Growth:
Drinking-Water and Sanitation

Treated Tap Water Supply all round the year and in summer also available. Covered Well and
Tube Wells/Boreholes are other Drinking Water sources.
Open Drainage System Available in this Village. There is no system to Collect garbage on street.
Drain water is discharged directly into water bodies.
Communication
Sub Post Office is available in this Village. LandLine available. Mobile Coverage is available.
Internet Centre available in this village. No Private Courier Facility in less than 10 km.

Transportation
Public Bus service available in this village. There is no Railway Station in less than 10 km. Autos Available in
this Village. Tractors Available in this Village. Animal Driven Carts are there in this Village.
No Nearest National Highway in less than 10 km. No Nearest State Highway in less than 10 km. District
Road passes through this village.
Pucca road, Kuccha Road and Foot Path are other Roads and Transportation within the village.
Commerce
No ATM in less than 10 km. Commercial Bank available in this village. Cooperative Bank available in this
village. Agricultural Credit Society is available in this village.
Other Amenities
This Village has a Power supply with 24 hour power supply in summer and 24 hour power supply in
winter, Anganwadi centre, ASHA, Birth & Death registration office, Public library, Daily News Paper and
Polling station are the other amenities in the village
5.2.3 Brief history

Falu is lovely village. In falu people have major unity to cast,work, religion, festival,etc. In falu has ram
kabir,ramji mandir,bogeshvar hanumanji,ramdev pir mandir,and other temple.major cast in falu is
patel and other is suthar, Prajapati,rathod,and other.in falu Dena bank,ATM,post office,dairy,is
there.shree H.B. vidhyalya secondary and higher secondary school also is there. More than 80%
population are literate. Some people got world class higher study in the field of Medical, Engineering,
Architecture and more. They are the proud of the our lovely village. major crops in falu is
Tobacco,wheat,castor,cotton, ground nut and other sowing in falu.falu is like small city because all
facilities get in falu.
Gandhinagar


5.2.4 Economic profile
This village economic condition is not bad. Mostly income in this village is farming and serviceman and
own busniess. So many worker are working in nearest town andd because in this village not properly
working place. Milk co-operative ltd is in this village so small income of this village is milk co-operative
bank because this building government building. In this village many farmers are rich and many farmer
are poor so rich farmer have pakka house and poor farmer have kuttcha house. In this village some
people have provisional store and this people are depend on provisional store. In this village have not
“gruh udhyog”.
5.2.5 Social Scenario

Social worker are working in this village. One NGO are working in this village and this NGO are giving
tuition of child girls for 1 to 5 standard. Villagers are help them NGO. Many time Medical camp, blood
donation camp, so many social activity has organized in this village. All villagers collectively celebrate all
festival like diwali, Navratri, Happy new year, holi etc...

5.2.6 Base Location Map, Land Map, Gram Tal Map
Fig 16.Village map Falu

Chapter 6: Case Study Civil

6.1 Civil Case Study –
Case study at collage level
I think Ideal village is a village where all primary facility for to live is easily available. Where has a good
provision drinking water, road system Drainage system, street light, public facilities and all other
primary facility are easily available.
Ideal village is a village which is provide by physical infrastructure, social Infrastructure,

sustainable infrastructure.
We visited the Limda village. it is a one of the Smart village of Vadodara district of Gujarat. There are
available basic facilities such as waste collection, concrete road, backward people live. We are going
in the village for village people saying about rain water harvesting how to save water from the rain.
Home to home all the people saying about rain water harvesting. We also making a poster related to the
rain water harvesting people understood well.
Fig 23 . poster of rain water harvesting

Rain water harvesting
It is a simple technique to save a water and store in underground water tank. This is useful in hot
weather when down the water level. Rain is fall on roofs which is collecting in pipe and filter the water
and collect the clean water and store them.
FIGURE: 24 RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Objectives:
• Improve the connectivity between urban areas and rural areas, Public transportation facilities that
need to be developed like bus stops, transport depot etc.
• The facilities of sanitation, drainage, rain water disposal, irrigation are easily available.
• Basic physical infrastructures like Water Supply, Transport, Sewerage and Solid Waste Management
should be the priority focus and be provided.
• Basic Social infrastructure – Health and Education facilities should be provided and Ensure proper
delivery of facilities to village dwellers.

Chapter 7:Data Collection with Village Existing Photograph

/ Graphs / Charts / Table
7.1 Methods for data collection.
First we are going to village. And meet the locality person and discuss about the village condition. Like
drinking water, drainage facility, waste disposal, etc.
And then we are going to gram panchayat of village. And meet the sarpanch of village. Then discuss about
village with sarpanch. Like facilities, infrastructures, water supply, electricity, etc. this data gives the
sarpanch of the village.
We are showing the village and observed village condition.
7.2 Primary survey details

7.2.1 Introduction of the village
Gandhinagar

7.2.2 Average Size of the House

Three to four room average
7.2.3 Geo-Tagging of House
7.2.4 No. of Human being in One House

The no of human being in one house is approximate 5 person in a family.

7.2.5 Which Material used locally

Mainly the Organic Material are used locally and the rest materials are bought from out of the village.
Organic materials are defined in modern chemistry as carbon-based compounds, originally derived from
living organisms but now including lab-synthesized versions as well. Most are combinations of a few of
the lightest elements, particularly hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Organic materials include
the wood from which furniture is made, feathers, leather, and synthetic materials such as petroleum-
based plastics. In spite of this variety they share some general characteristics. For example, many
organic materials undergo fading, yellowing, or embrittlement in response to prolonged exposure to
light or other forms of radiation, caused by breakdown of the covalent bonding structure shared by
many carboncontaining compounds.
7.2.6 Out Sourced Material

The out sourced material is construction material & fuel. Because this material generally not available in
the village. So this material is purchase on out of village markets.
7.2.7 Labour work doing

All most people doing work is farming (Agriculture). Because village people is expert in this works.
And some people is doing small business like shop, milk dairy etc.
7.2.8 Any Costing

Costing of material and construction is carried out by gram panchayat for public buildings.
7.2.9 Geographical detail

Gandhinagar
7.2.10 Demographical Detail
Census Parameter Census Data
Total Population 4019
Total No of Houses 844
Female Population % 48.3 % ( 1942)
Total Literacy rate % 84.6 % ( 3399)
Female Literacy rate 39.3 % ( 1579)

Scheduled Tribes Population % 0.1 % ( 6)
Scheduled Caste Population % 8.5 % ( 343)
Working Population % 54.3 %

Child(0 -6) Population by 2011 430
Girl Child(0 -6) Population % by 2011 46.7 % ( 201)
Table 6: Demographical Details of Chaklad village The sex ratio of falu village is 100.

7.2.11 Occupational Detail

Since it is a village and its not developed so mainly farming & milk production and tobacco factory are
the basic occupation here, and working in nearby factories are also a occupation for villagers.
7.2.12 Agricultural Details / Organic Farming / Fishery

Pearlmillet/bajra, Castor and Wheat are agriculture commodities grow in this village. 8
hoursagricultural power supply in summer and 8 hours agricultural power supply in winter is available
in this village. Total irrigated area in this village is 367.37 hectares from Lakes or tanks 367.37
hectares is the Source of irrigation..
7.2.13 Manufacturing HUB / Ware Houses

No villagers have not any one yet. Because they don’t need this facility.
7.2.14 Tourism Cluster

There is no tourism cluster involved with village.
7.2.15 Services Cluster

falu gram panchayat is the service cluster.
7.2.16 Male/Female Details

The total population of male is 2,077 and female is 1,942 as per 2011 data.
7.2.17 Cast Wise Population Details

Caste Population
Scheduled castes 8.5 % ( 343)
Scheduled tribes 0.1 % ( 6)
Other (Genaral and OBC) 91.4% (3673)
Table 7 cast wise population detail
7.2.18 Occupation wise Details

The first occupation group is agriculture, second is labor working in tobacco factories, and third is private
sector job.
7.2.19 Physical Infrastructure Facilities

The Physical infrastructure like Water tank, Internal road and septic tank.
Water Tank
There are two water tanks available in falu village.

• The first is elevated rectangular tank and the capacity of this tank is 50,000 litre.
• The second tank is on ground and the shape of this tank is cyclindrical but this tank is not in
operation condition.
fig 25 water tank

Internal Road
Fig 26 Internal street road
The internal road of falu is of cement concrete and covered with tiles.

7.3 Infrastructure Details

7.3.1 Drinking water
In this village drinking water is treated and clean. And this water supply going to pipe through to
separate houses.
And 3 hand pumps provide in village. This water is clean and drinking.
And in this village water tank facility provided for storage of water. Two types of water tank provided.
Firs is overhead water tank and second is underground water tank. This water used for drinking purpose.
7.3.2 Drainage Network

This village drainage facility is provided.
7.3.3 Transportation & Road Network

Public Bus service available in this village. There is no Railway Station in less than 10 km.
Autos Available in this Village. Tractors Available in this Village. Animal Driven Carts are there
in this Village.
No Nearest National Highway in less than 10 km. No Nearest State Highway in less than 10 km.
District Road passes through this village.
Pucca road, Kuccha Road and Foot Path are other Roads and Transportation within the village.
7.3.4 Electricity
Electricity come to UGVLC. Electicity comes 24 hours for domestic uses, 8 hours for agriculture uses
and 12 hours for road street lights.
Fig 27 Sub station at vijapur

7.3.5 Sanitation Facilities

There is no Public latrine. Open Drainage System Available in this Village. There is no system
toCollect garbage on street. Drain water is discharged directly into water bodies.
7.7.1 Waste Management Facilities

This facility is not provided in this village.
7.3.6 Irrigation Facilities

The main sources of irrigation is canal, bore and well. Water comes in canal is 3 months, bore yearly
and well is private.
7.3.7 Housing condition

The house condition is 10% of kutchcha and 90% of pucca approximate. But all house condition is well
& good and also Some house condition is very bad.
Fig 28 housing condition

7.3.8 Health Facilities

1 Primary Health care centre , 1 Primary Health Sub-Centre , 4 Medical Shops are available in this
village
Fig 29 Primary Health care centre village
7.3.9 Education Facilities

Govt Primary and Govt Secondary Schools are available in this Village. Govt ITA College is
available in this village. Nearest Govt Engineering College, Govt MBA college and Private
Polytechnic College are in Mahesana. Nearest Private Pre Primary School, Govt Arts and Science
Degree College and Govt Medical College are in Vijapur.

7.3.10 Technology Mobile/ WIFI / Internet Usage Details. In %.

The 50 % people used smarts phone and internets. And others is used normal mobile. No WIFI available
in village.
7.3.11 Sport activity as Gram panchayat

There is no sports activity by gram panchayat.
7.3.12 Socio-Cultural Facilities

There are temple of mataji.
Fig 30 Ttempel of falu village
7.3.13 Community Hall

Community hall is not available in village. Because population is less and not arranged big mitting. So this
facility is not needed now.
7.3.14 Public Library

There is public library in village.
8.3.15 Public Garden /Park/Playground

There is lack of public, Garden, Park and playground in school.
8.3.16 Village Pond/Lake

Yes one pond in this village. This ponds is in two parts. And condition of ponds is good.

Vishwakarma Yojana: Village, District
7.3.17 Other Recreation facilities

There is 4 cinema theatre as recreational facility available.
7.3.18 Other facilities

This Village has a Power supply with 24 hour power supply in summer and 24 hour power supply in
winter, Anganwadi centre, ASHA, Birth & Death registration office, Public library, Daily News Paper
and Polling station are the other amenities in the village.
7.3.19 Sustainable Infrastructure facilities

There is no sustainable infrastructure facilities available in village.
7.3.20 Existing Condition of Public Buildings

There are kuccha and pukka both type of houses available in village.The most of the houses are pukka
houses and the outskirt area of the village have kuccha houses.
7.3.21 Any other details

The anganwadi building is fully damaged so it is required to be repaired properly.
There should be a waste management for the disposal of garbage and waste around the village.
The proper and sufficient transportation facilities should be available in the village.
7.3.22 Suggestions for Sustainable Infrastructure Facilities & Repair

Use of solar energy for generation of electricity and solving the power cut problem.we can use bio
gas plant for producing manure by collecting the waste generating from every houses of the village.
7.3.23 Maintenance of existing Public Infrastructures

There is no maintenance work going on in any public building of village.

Chapter 8:Sustainable Technical Options with Case

Studies for Existing village.
8.1 Concept (civil)
8.1.1 Solid / Liquid type of Waste Management
Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) directly impact human health and have far reaching
consequences when ignored. India is one of the fastest developing economies, but when it comes
to WASH indicators, it continues to lag behind. With a population of over 1.2 billion, there is a
mounting and urgent need to address sanitation.
Solid and Liquid Waste Management (SLWM) is one of the key components of SwachhBharat Mission
(SBM) (G), launched with the objective of bringing improvement in cleanliness,hygiene aThere is no
maintenance work going on in any public building of village.
Nd the general quality of life in rural areas. This document presents a basic, quick introduction to
Solid Liquid Waste Management (SLWM) in rural areas. The document is geared, particularly for
district administrators to help focus on SLWM along with Open Defecation Free (ODF) activities.
Waste is any item beyond use in its current form and discarded as unwanted. It can be solid or liquid
with respective management methods.
Solid Waste
In rural areas, examples of solid waste include wastes from kitchens, gardens, cattle sheds,
agriculture, and materials such as metal, paper, plastic, cloth, and so on. They are organic and
inorganic materials with no remaining economic value to the owner produced by homes,
commercial and industrial establishments.
Most household waste in rural areas is organic, with little inorganic material, and is
101ontoxic.Because of its environment-friendliness, composting is a highly suitable method of
waste management in rural areas.
Liquid Waste

When water is used once and is no longer fit for human consumption or any other use, it is considered to
be liquid waste. Wastewater can be subcategorized as industrial and domestic:
• Industrial wastewater is generated by manufacturing processes and is difficult to treat.

• Domestic wastewater includes water discharged from homes, commercial complexes, hotels, and
educational institutions.
8.1.2 Various type of method for Transportation
In Falu village, only road transportation facility is available. There is no rail facilityin this village.
Government bus transportation facility provided by GSRTC.Mostly people used private vehical
for transportation.
There is a single bus stand in falu Village.
Public Bus service available in this village. There is no Railway Station in less than 10 km.
Autos Available in this Village. Tractors Available in this Village. Animal Driven Carts are there
in this Village.
No Nearest National Highway in less than 10 km. No Nearest State Highway in less than 10 km.
District Road passes through this village.
Pucca road, Kuccha Road and Foot Path are other Roads and Transportation within the village
8.1.3 Various type method for Drainage System
Drainage is a problem in the village because there is lack of drainage line on both side of
roads, even road is Kaccha on some places. That is why water stagnation is a serious problem
in the village, especially in rainy season in this particular season stagnant water invites
monsoon diseases like malaria and diarrhea.
Below are 4 common types of drainage patterns:
• Dendritic: A dendritic drainage pattern is the most common form and looks
likethebranching pattern of tree roots. It develops in regions underlain by homogeneous material.
That is, the subsurface geology has a similar resistance to weathering so there isno apparent
control over the direction the tributaries take. Tributaries joining a largerstream at acute angle
(less than 90 degrees).
• Deranged: Drainage patterns are found in areas recently disturbed by events like
glacialactivity or volcanic deposition. Over time, the stream will adjust the topography of such
regions by transporting sediment to improve flow and channel pattern.

• Centripetal: The centripetal drainage pattern is just the opposite of the radial as
streamsflow toward a central depression. This pattern is typical in the western and southwestern
portions of the United States where basins exhibit interior drainage. During wetter portions of the
year, these streams feed ephemeral lakes, which evaporate away during dry periods. Salt flats are
created in these dry lake beds as salt dissolved in the lake water precipitates out of solution and is
left behind when the water evaporates away.
• Trellised: It is a rectangular shaped drainage pattern that develops where bands ofrocksvary
in resistance. In some areas there are alternate bands of hard and soft rocks. The flowing water can
erode the soft rocks and thus flows along the bands of soft rock. Many such water channels form a
trellis. The streams (called subsequent rivers) cut out the valleys (called vales) and join the main river
(called Consequent River) at right angles. The main river, by sheer force, cuts the hard rock and flows
down the slope forming an escarpment and thus a river gap is created.
8.1.4 Various types of roads:
asphalt roads:
One of the most popular types of construction ever since its inception in the early 1920 s isaphalt
paving . In this construction technique a layer of asphalt is laid on top of an equallythick layer
gravel base . advantages of this form of road construction are that the pavementproduces
relatively little noises , its relative low cost compared to other material , and that isrelatively
easy to repair and maintain as well.
However , asphalt is known to be significantly less durable and strong than other choices , and
isn’t the best for the environment either.
Concrete roads:
Concrete is another popular choice for roadways , though it is typically only used for local roads and
not for other types of construction.
Concrete is more long lasting than asphalt and significantly stronger as well , but is quite expensive to
lay and maintain.
composite roads:
Composite materials are often used in types of construction that are more related to
maintenance , recycling and rehabilaitation. Composite materials are combination of both asphalt
and concrete , and are typically employed on one of two methods . Asphalt overlays literally are

placed a damaged surface ,or alternatively pavement may be cracked and seated instead
, forming a true new surface.
8.1.5 Various type of Environmental Factors
Environmental factor or ecological factor or eco factor is any factor, abiotic or biotic, that
influences living organisms. Abiotic factors include ambient temperature, amount of sunlight,
and pH of the water soil in which an organism lives. Biotic factors would include the availability of
food organisms and the presence of conspecifics, competitors, predators, and parasites.
8.1.6 Latest Technology from the GLOB

PRECAST CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION:-
• Precast concrete saves time as well as reduces the overall cost of the structure.
• Precast concrete construction system has its own characteristics which influence the
layout,
span length, construction depth, stability system, etc. to a greater or less extend.
• Theoretically, all joints between the precast concrete units can be made in such a
way that the completed precast structure has the same monolithic concept as a
castin-situ structures.
• However, precast concrete construction is very labour intensive and costly. If the full
advantages of precast concrete are to be realized, the structure should be conceived
according to its specific design philosophy.
• Long spans, appropriate stability concept, simple details, etc. Designers should from
the very outset of the project consider the possibilities, restrictions & advantages of
precast concrete, its detailing,
• manufacturer, transport, erection & serviceability stages before completing a design
in precast concrete.

Figure 32: Precast concrete cube
Precast concrete cubes or bricks are hollow blocks made of concrete used in structure in replacement
of bricks.
They are also known as concrete masonry unit.
A concrete masonry unit (CMU) is a standard size rectangular block used in building
construction.Concrete blocks are made from cast concrete. Lower density blocks may use
industrial wastes, such as fly ash or bottom ash, as an aggregate.Lightweight blocks can also be
produced using light weight concrete.
Concrete blocks may be produced with hollow centers to reduce weight or improve insulation.
The use of blockwork allows structures to be built in the traditional masonry style with layers
of staggered blocks.
Blocks come in many sizes. In the US, the most common nominal size is 16 in × 8 in × 8; the
block measures a 3/2 in shorter, allowing for mortar joints.

Figure 33: Precast wall

Figure 34: Precast Floor

8.1.7 Suggestion for Solving Civil Related Issues Concept And

Challenges(CIVIL)
Constituted by the Supreme Court of India under the chairpersonship of Asim Burman inMarch
1999, a committee made two kinds of recommendations: mandatory and obligatory,which apply
to all stakeholders – citizens, municipalities and state governments. Furthermore,the committee
has made recommendations for all stages of solid waste management services andhas laid down
the minimum level of services that the local bodies should provide, within a settimeframe. The
committee has also given various technical options which municipalities canadopt as per their
financial resources and local conditions.
A committee was constituted under the chairpersonship of Mr. Asim Burman, Municipal
Commissioner of Calcutta. The committee submitted its report in March 1999. It examined the
practices and suggested hygienic processing and waste disposal practices and proven
technologies on the basis of economic feasibility and safety which the corporation/government
may directly or indirectly adopt/sponsor. More importantly it also suggested ways to improve and
review municipal bye-laws and the powers of local bodies and regional planning authorities and
suggested necessary modifications to ensure effective budgeting, financing, administration
,monitoring and compliance.
On the basis of the report of the committee, the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and
Handling) Draft Rules were framed and circulated to all state governments for their suggestions
.Subsequently, the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000, came into
effect from September 9, 2000.
Chapter 10: Various design in Rural Areas along with cost

9.1 Civil
9.1.1 Feasibility
Sanitation is the hygienic means of health through prevention of human contact with the
hazards of wastes as well as the treatment and proper disposal of sewage or wastewater.
Hazards can be either physical, microbiological, biological or chemical agents of disease.
Wastes that can cause health problems include human and animal excreta, solid wastes,
domestic wastewater (sewage or grey water) industrial wastes and agricultural wastes.
Hygienic means of prevention can be by using engineering solutions (e.g., sewers, sewage
treatment, runoff management, solid waste management, excreta management .
Figure.35 Cycle of sanitation
In modern cities and other densely populated human settlements, development

authorities and users alike view conventional sewerage as an absolutely essential part in
managing household sewage. Though conventional sewer systems offer convenience and

public health benefits to the users, it is often not feasible to operate these systems in rural
and sparsely populated areas because of the following reasons:
wastewater collection network in sparsely populated areas becomes expensive; capital and
operation costs of treatment systems for such areas become prohibitively high because of the
smaller scale of operation.
Low-income urban communities, such as those found in the cities of developing countries
require alternative wastewater management systems for sanitation, as conventional capital
intensive systems cannot be installed due to financial constraints.
Typically, the cost of conventional sewerages excessive, sometimes requiring a total annual
expenditure in the order of a quarter of average household earnings in these countries.
Nonaffordability by the low-income communities in developing countries is one of the major
reasons for lack of sanitation in these countries. Also, conventional systems cannot be
operated in these communities due to poor water supply conditions.
9.1.2 Construction
Conventional pit latrines, the most common sanitation facility in many developing
countries, is nothing but a hole in the ground with a squatting plate covering the hole and a
temporary superstructure for privacy.
This modification—ventilated improved double-pit (VIDP) latrine will contain two pits dug
side by side covered by the same superstructure.
The pits will be used alternately and the squatting plate is moved from the full to empty pit as
necessary.

Figure.3 6 Low cost toilet

The pit, which is full, has to be covered with soil and should be emptied not less than
twelve months after the last use.
As a further improvement to VIDP latrines, each pit can be constructed with separate squatting
platforms with a covered opening fo r dislodging without disturbing either the superstructure or the
platforms.
Dislodging can be done manually or mechanically.
This must be done approximately when the second pit is also full.

This is one of the simplest designs and it is best suited where space is a constraint. It
is quite easy to empty filled pits, can be constructed within a day and cost investment is
definitely on the lower side.
The total cost of construction comes to about rs 1500. Superstructure can be made from
locally available materials such as banana leaves, bamboo sticks and gunny bags. It can be a
simple solution for sanitation around festival places and during emergencies. Estimated cost
of 1 toilet: rs 1500
9.1.3 Operation
Ecological sanitation (Ecosan) is a concept that treats various types of waste generated by
us asa resource which can be safely collected, treated and reused to prevent pollution of
water bodies and the environment.
Currently, various types of Ecosan practices such as promotion of Ecosan toilets, compost
pits, bio-gas plants, reed-beds for treatment of waste water, etc., are being taken up to treat
waste generated by us in a ecologically sound manner
ECO-SAN toilets
This toilet design might be costly but prevents contamination of water sources and soil.
Human waste can be composted and used as a natural fertilizer. Unlike other designs,
emptying pits is not a requirement.
This design is great in the areas where water logging and scarcity is a concern. It is most
effective in coastal and rock areas, as it promotes soil fertility and crop production.
Historically, such ecological methods of sanitations were utilized by the Romans, Chinese, in
Mexico, Peru and Yemen. Some places which have excelled in this technology in the current age
areGuangxi province, China; KfW, Frankfurt, Germany where they use vacuum toilets with
provisions of grey water treatment and Tanum Municipality in Sweden. Ecosan was
implemented in Haiti as part of the emergency relief effort following the 2010 earthquake.
In India, these designs are notably used in Tamil Nadu where the Tamil Nadu State Government
provides subsidies. Estimated cost of 1 toilet: rs 10,747

Figure.37 Ecosan Toilet Design
Public toilets are of course found worldwide, in locations like bus stations and markets.
These toilets are often used more for urination than for defecation. Here our primary interest is
in toilets for low-income residential areas, and in defecation use (since urine does not constitute a
major public health risk). Pay-per-use public toilets are most commonly seen in public locations, but
may also be constructed in lowincome residential areas, or in “hybrid locations” serving both
residential and transient users (for example, in a low-income community adjacent to a market).
Probably the best-known example of the pay-per-use public model is that of India’s Sulabh
toilets:these are pay-per-use sanitation blocks also offering other services (for example showers),
and typically made financially viable by advertising revenues.
The Sulabh International organization runs 6,500 pay-per-use toilets in locations throughout India,
some in lowincome residential areas.
However, reports suggest that, in general, these facilities are only profitable in high-traffic
public locations like markets and bus stations, where advertisers are willing to pay good rates; the
Sulabh organization claims that the loss-making facilities in residential areas (i.e. within slums) are

cross-subsidized by revenues from profitable toilets in public places, but reports suggest that the
loss-making facilities are often not adequately maintained and are unaffordable for poor
households.
Communal or public toilets may be an appropriate solution in low-income high-density districts,

particularly where,
a) There is a high proportion of tenants,

b) In situations of water-logging and regular flooding, and
c)There is currently severe faucal contamination of the local environment through widespread
open defecation and/or foul wastewater in the streets.
However, communal or public toilets should only be used in situations in which household toilets are
not a viable solution.
People will generally prefer communal toilets located close to their home over public toilets
located further away. Communal toilets will often be close enough to homes for women to
visit after dark without security concerns, and monthly household fees will tend to ensure
women’s and children’s access.
However, communal toilets for small groups of households are likely to have higher per-capita
capital costs and higher per-capita O&M costs; it is essential to ensure that user groups are able
to collect and adequately manage revenues sufficient at least for routine O&M.
So achieving communal and public toilets that are clean, safe, financially sustainable, and
affordable and accessible for all male and female users is challenging: in any given location, a
gradual learning-from experience approach should be used, based on very detailed
understanding of the local social l, economic and institutional context.
In both citywide and national sanitation planning processes, communal and public toilet
models should be considered alongside other models, and promoted where appropriate as a valid
part of the urban sanitation mix.

Vishwakarma Yojana: Village,falu District
mehsana
Chapter 10:Sustainable Design Planning

Proposal (Prototype Design)-Part- I
10.1. Design Proposal with section, elevation, measurement,costing, any other point related
to civil.
10.1.1Observation and Brief Write Up about Each Design
The given village falu has many things to be developed (like biogas plant, community hall, transportation
system,etc.) but
As per Vishwaksrma Yojana Team Allocated Village . We visited That village called FALU.
FaluVillage Gram Panchayath name is Falu. Falu is 12 km distance from Sub District
HeadQuarter Vijapur and it is 60 km distance from District HeadQuarter Mahesana. Nearest
Statutory Town is Vijapur in 12 km Distance . Falu Total area is 567.37 hectares, Non-
Agricultural area is 84.37 hectares andTotal irrigated area is 367.37 hectares. There is
entrygate of FALU village. Population of FALU village as per census 2011 is 4019. There is all
street roads are paver block roads and some fariya has RCC roads. Internal street road is made
by CONCRETE material. There is ground water is used for daily uses. The ground water is lift
from tube well to overhead tank. It’s capacity is 50,000 liter. This water is distributed door to
door by gravitational flow. This water is treated that is why it is not used for drinking and
cooking purpose. They use underground water directly for drinking purpose. In that village no
houses are connected to drainage system. There is 90% house are good constructed & R.C.C.
frame structure design. Use in that structure reinforcement, aggregates, & brick. There is 90%
houseissemipacca. In semi pacca house use material is stone ,old brick ,mud ,wood ,etc. there is
10% house is kuchcha. In it use material is mud, wooden, branch of tree, cow dung mix with
soiletc.
There is mainly two type of major occupation is live farmer, & employer like job in private
company or gov. job etc. To reach to FALU is very Easy because of there is transportation facility
available. Public Bus service available in this village. There is no Railway Station in less
than10 km. Autos Available in this Village. Tractors Available in this Village. Animal Driven
Carts are there in this Village.
No Nearest National Highway in less than 10 km. No Nearest State Highway in less than 10
km. District Road passes through this village.
Pucca road, Kuccha Road and Foot Path are other Roads and Transportation within the village. .
There is 24*7 electricity is deliver by UGCL. There is no any private company to provideelectricity.
There is 24*7 electricity is supply for domestic use. In agricultural supply electricity

Vishwakarma Yojana:phase VI Village,falu District
mehsana
only 8 hrs. in day. & for commercial use 24 hrs. electricity available. On street they are no
sources of lights. Electrification in gov. & education buildings is 24 hrs. in day. LED facility is 90%
available.There is all house has a latrine toilet & also connected with drainage. All commercial
has a public latrine blocks available. There is no any community toilet for poor house hold &
can’t affordable toilet cost. There is no any solid & liquid waste disposal system is available.
Liquid waste is disposal in small stream. Daily 2 man worker collecting solid waste from door to
door by using tractor. But not available dumping zone for solid waste. So that ever where solid
waste is burning. & no any facility to collect road side waste. Only two worker clean the village
daily is not every day happened. There one canal is available for irrigation. & also in agriculture
approx.. 50 num. of well is available. They also use underground water for irrigation. In social
infrastructural facilities this village poor than ideal village & sarbhan village. There is no any
health facilities available in village. All health facilities like sub center, PHC, CHC Hospital, child
welfare maternity homes etc. is close to village. There is primary health centre with just many
rooms and people for support. That health centre also requires no renovation.. Also there is four
medical store for medicine. Education facilities good develop. There is only one primary school
and a anganwaadi available. the panchayat building is one of the most important thing to be
developed, because even if anything is to be discussed or to be arranged for meeting the
panchayat building is the only place and that also in very poor condition. It is in so bad condition
that it seems like the building is only for heritage visit.
The panchayat building is almost about to be deteriorated with all cracks and fissures. The
reinforcement is exposed and it is almost fully corrugated. That building is almost about to
fall down.
There is one higher sec. school it is in FALU. transportation is available to reach that place
faster.. ITI college and college is falu village.
In socio-culture facilities this village is also poor. There is no community hall but it is need to be
constructed. Thereisnopubliclibrary. Yes every store & every day morning newspaper is
distribute as per odder. There is as per before say one pond but there is no way for fishing or
any extra working one it. Pond bank is not contracted with stone or material it is bank is natural.
There is four cinemas as recreation center, video hall, assembly polling. As per before say birth &
death registration office is specially provided.
There is one post-office. It is in good condition. There is no any telecommunication network,

STD booth, all house has at list one cell phone is they use. One network tower is there.There is
no any general market. There is one gov .shop. Or public shops is also there. Main occupation is
farmer. They are towards together and make an agriculture co-operative society. There is also
one milk co-operative society. There is no other small scaleindustries.

They not use in daily lifestyle using of renewable energy sources. They use for cooking L.P.G.,
wooden, charcoal, cowdung cack, etc. they use solar street power for house lightening in little
bit houses. There is no any rain water harvesting system.
10.1.2. Recommendations / Why About new proposal of Design
After observing the lackness over the village, we thought of giving priority over the panchayat
building. The panchayat is the identity of any village, the sarpanch and its members are the
supports of the development of village. The panchayat building of the village can be renovated,
but the new construction can be better than the renovation. since it is over rented building so it
can be better to build a new one.
Or other primary problem is collection of solid waste. So one hand chart or more employees
higher to collect solid waste. Or give special dumping site. Or due to road height in monsoon
season water is locked in low elevation area so swage or drainage tank connect with road side so
all water is going in to sewage. And there water thank need to maintenance & they not clean tank
weekly one time so that is also they want one person for cleaning tank or operating well .
For better lifestyle they need to develop their house. All house want to pucca so we enjoy the
good life style or joint toilet so avoiding the outing toilet. There is social infrastructure is very poor
so we need to develop that because of that is secondary need for better life style or important
things. There is meed to construct biogas plant in villageamd community hall and one public tilet.
10.1.3. Suggestions / Benefits of the villagers about new path technology / Design
Proposed by the Students.
We give suggestion after knowing their problems. Mainly problem is drinking water so we give
suggestion for RO filter plant for all over village.& road connected with drainage or provide sprat
sewage for rainwater harvesting. Or store in pond by increasing it’s banks.
They want to build pond bank. So this is good or surrounding the pond we make beautiful garden.
So more space problem is solved or pound water is using like fishing or many thing to develop
economy of village. And due to fishing pound water is clean or bacteria or mosquito problem
free. This thing to develop for this village into ideal village.
They should have drainage system so we get idea about we suggest to build sedimentation tank &
clear the solid particles in sewage. We should have a bio gas plant or many cow or goats & other
animal dung also use in bio gas so. We have to make beautiful & clean environment.

10.2 Sustainable design
10.3 Physical design (Civil)

FALU village’s population in year 2011 was 4265& year 2011 population was 4019. so we
calculate population by arithmetical increase method. This method’s formula is Pn=P+ni.So we
get 1305 population.
Sr.no Census Population Male Female Total house

hold
1 2001 4265
2 2011 14019 2077 1942 844
Table no. 11:- population of chaklad village
Here ,
Pn= is future population
P= present population
,i=average population of old year = 199
,n=num of Dacia. = 1
Pn = P+ni
Pn = 1504+(1×(-199))
Pn = 1305 person
So, we found 1305 person in 2021 year.

One design is panchayat building.
Fig 47 panchayat building
All the units are in metre.
MEASUREMENT SHEET
Item Description of item Nos. Leng Width Height Quantity

No. th(m) (m) (m) (cubic
mt.)
1 EXCAVATION IN FOUNDATION

LONG WALL= 10.9 m SHORT 3 10.9 0.7 0.8 34.216

WALL = 7.1 m 4 7.1 0.7 0.8
- -
2. P.C.C IN FOUNDATION - - 8.554
3. BRICK MASONARY UP TO
PLINTH LEVEL
STEP 1: (0.70) 3 10.7 0.5 0.2 3.21
L.W. = 10.7 m 4 7.3 0.5 0.2 2.92
S.W. = 7.3 m
STEP 2: (0.50) 3 10.5 0.3 0.6 5.67

L.W. = 10.5 m 4 7.5 0.3 0.6 5.4
S.W. = 7.5 m
TOTAL : 17.2
4. BRICK MASONARY ABOVE

PLINTH LEVEL
L.W. = 10.5 m 3 10.5 0.3 3 28.35
S.W. = 7.5 m 4 7.5 0.3 3 27
TOILET 1 4.2 2.4 2 20.16
TOTAL: 75.51
5. PLASTER
 WALL - - - - 184.5 m2
 CEILING - - - - 61.5 m2
TOTAL:
246 m2
6. EARTH FILLING IN PLINTH

H=0.20 - - - - 15.256
Table no 12 measurement sheet of panchayat building
ABSTRACT SHEET

ITEM PARTICULARS OF ITEM QNT. PER RATE AMOUNT

NO. RS.
1 EXCAVATION IN 34.216 M3 85 2908.36
FOUNDATION
2 P.C.C IN FOUNDATION 8.544 M3 3200 27372.8
3. BRICK MASONARY UP 17.2 M3 3200 55040

TO PLINTH
4. BRICK MASONARY ABOVE 75.51 M3 3500 264285

PLINTH
5. PLASTER 246 M2 150 36900
6. EARTH FILLING IN 15.256 M3 50 762.8

PLINTH
TOTAL: 387,268.96
3% CONTINGENCIES 11,618.06
2% WORK CHARGED
ESTABLISHMENT 7,745.37
GRAND TOTAL: Rs.

406,632.39
Table no 13 Abstract sheet of panchayat building
10.4 socio cultural design.
Design of Community hall

8.000 m
7.000 m
Figure 53 : - Plan of Community hall
Table :-Measurement sheet of Community hall

cc PARTICULARS QUANTITY UNIT RATE AMOUNT
1 Excavation - UP TO GL 3.15 Cum 85 267.75

2 P.C.C for foundation:-M-10 grade 0.19 Cum 3800 722
P & Const. Bk. Masonary up to F.G.L.
3 2.68 Cum 3400 911
4 Plinth Beam 0.36 Cum 4100 1476
5 P & E Formwork upto Plinth 2.10 Sqm 400 840
P & Const. Bk. Masonary F.G.L to
3.657m
6 3.84 Cum 3600 13824

7 Floor
Virtified tiles 35.58 Sqm 880 31310.4
Toilet area 3.57 Sqm 920 3284.4
Dedo 16.31 Sqm 970 15827.49
8 Still 0.15 Cum 5300 834.75
9 Lintel 0.36 Cum 5425 1993.69
10 Plaster 207.75 Sqm 400 83100
11 Aluminium work (Door & Window) 13 Sqm 3100 40300
12 Paint 207.75 Sqm 120 24930.72
13 Plumbing charges 6% - - - 13177
14 Other expence 6% - - - 13177
Total
Amount 245975
Table 18 measureent sheet of community hall
10.6 Smart village design
In Falu village there is availability of daily usage water supply but there is no availability of drinking
water supply. They use sources like underground water, by using of hand pump, tube well, open
well etc. So we decided to make R.O plant building there. This R.O plant will be machinery working
plant.
As per IS drinking and cooking water use is 15 lt./head/day, 5 lt. water is extra for safety purpose.
= 15 lt./head/day × 2286 head
= 34290 lt./day
= 40000 lt./day (with extra factor)
Total requirement of R.O water of the village is 34020 lt/day, So we design R.O plant and it’s
capacity is 40000 lt/day. We decided to use machinery of R.O plan and it’s filtering capacity is
20000 lt/hr.

Fig 54. :- flow chart of R.O plant
The Plant BASIS OF DESIGN The Following Raw Water Analysis Is Considered As Basis Of Design
( Aprrox.)
A. RAW WATER CHARACTERISTICS
Ph = 7.0-7.5mg/Lt.
Total Dissolved Solids = 2000mg/Lt.
Total Hardness = 200mg/Lt.
Total Alkalinity = Nil
B. TREATED WATER QUALITY FROM R.O.PLANT:
Total Hardness …<50 ppm

Ph ….7.0-7.5

Total Dissolved Solids …. <50 mg/ltr

Colour ….nil
Odour ….nil
The Above Quality Of R.O. Product Water Is Achieved, Subject To Following Conditions:-
1. The Feed Water Quality Is Not Worse Than Specified

2. The Feed Water Limiting Condition Mentioned Below Are Strictly Maintained.
3. The Operation & Maintenance Of The Entire Systems Is Carried Out Strictly As Per Our Operation &
Maintenance Manual.
4. Pure Cleaning Chemicals. Original Spare & Consumables Specified By Us Are Used In
Plant.
For 20,000 lt/hr. R.O plant machinery at below the table with all description.
No Made Information
Item Capacity Quantit
.
y
1 Raw water pump Lubi/
40,000
LPH 1 No. Equiv.
Filtering media - sand,

2 Pressure sand filter 40,000 1 FRP pebbles, gravels, Type
LPH No. Vertical pressure vessel
Filtering media -
Activated Caebon, Type
3 Activated Carbon filter 40,000 1 FRP - Vertical
LPH No.
pressure vessel
Type -
Italy/
4 Antiscalant dosing 0 to 5 1 no. Electronic
equiv.
pump LPh Diaphragm
5 FRP Type- Replaceable
Micro cartridge filter 40,000
unit LPH 1 No.
6 High pressure pump 40,000 1 SS Type - Vertical

LPH No. multistage centrifugal

- Type - Thin
7 Ro module 20 no. Polyamide Film
Composite spiral
wound Item - Ro
8 Ro skid - SS -
1 No.
9 Raw water storage tank 20,000 2 No. Polyamide Type - sintex tank
LPH
10 Ro water storage tank 5,000 4 Polyamide Type - sintex tank
LPH No.
Table 19:Description of R.O plant
Fig.55 :- Photo of R.O plant
Scope of remaining work

  Bore well & Raw water storage tank

 
Total Electrical wiring up to pane of the machine

  PVC piping (1.5 inch) up to inlet of Sand/Media filter


 
 Drainage / Backwash/Waste pipe line of PVC (1.5 inch) forRO
 
 Raw material for Testing and Trial
 
 Servo Power Stabilizer
 
To & Fro Travelling + Lodging + Boarding of All Visiting Parsons
Maintenance & area for plant
Area Required For RO Plant = 25X50 Sq.Feet
For Treated Water 5000 Lit Capacity (4 No.) = 15X15 Sq.Feet
Power Consumption = 35 To 40 HP(26 To 30KW)
Maintenance Cost For Antiscalant Liquid per month = 10,000 Rs.
Micron Cartridge Filter Per No = 1500 PerMonth
Manpower Required For Operation = 2Nos.
Total cost of (20,000 lt/h) R.O plant machinery with fitting & labor charges is 20 lacs per R.O
plant. Including 4 no. storage tank of 5,000 lt.
R.O plant required area is = 8m × 15 m Sq. meter
Required area for Operation= 2m × 1m Sq. meter
Total area for R.Oplant building = 10m × 15m Sq.meter
A3 size Drawing is at last of there port.
PLAN OF R.O PLANT BUILDING

Fig 56 RO plant building
TOTAL MATERIAL USE IN R.O PLANT BUILDING
MATERIAL QUNTITY
REQUIRED (FOR)
Brick (19cm × 9cm × 9cm) 65.6 m³ 32800 Nos.
Cement 360.69 Bags 361 Bags
Aggregate 17.82 m³ 15.03 m³
Brick bats 9.2 m³ 9.2 m³
Sand 45.15 m³ 45.2 m³
Reinforcement 1342.35 kg 1.3 tonnes
Polished kota (600mm× 600mm) 135.36 m² 4512 Nos.
Water supply pipe 9.5 m 10 m
1.5 m × 2.1 m (1
Wood ply 11.5 m² nos.) 2 m × 1.4 m
(3nos.)

20,ooo liters ( 2 nos.)

Raw water storage tank (sintex) 35,000 lites
R.O water storage tank ( sintex) 20,ooo lites 5,000 lites( 4 nos.)
Table 20 material list
OPERATION COST
As per plant details two labors is required for operation one labor charge is 3,000 ₹ per month so,
two labors cost is 6,000 ₹ per month.
R.O Plant’s consumption is 30 KW per hr. For providing cooking and drinking water
to all the house hold R.O plant need to be run 2 hour. So, R.O. plant consume 60 KW electricity per
day. Monthly 1800 KW electricity is used by plant.
1KV = 1Unit
1800 = 1800 unit
AsperDGVCL1Unitepriceforruralareais5₹.So,Totalelectricitybillis9000₹.
Total Operation cost = labor cost + electricity bill

= 6,000 ₹ + 9,000 ₹
= 15,000 ₹
MAINTENANCE COST
As per plant details & design Antiscalant Liquid is need to be change every month & it’\s
cost is 10,000 ₹ Per Month. And Micron Cartridge Filter’s maintenance is 1,500 ₹ per
month. So, Total cost of maintenance is 11,500 ₹ per month.
WATER CHARGE PER HOUSE HOLD
Total monthly = 15,000 ₹ + 11,500 ₹
= 26,500 ₹
Approx. monthly water tax is 100 ₹ per house hold. So, Total monthly tax is 44,500 ₹.

Gram panchayat’s profit = 44,500 – 26500
= 18,000 ₹ per month
If panchayat uses this kind of design, they can earn 18000 per month. And if they want to
supply water to surrounding village, they can earn much more than this earning amount.
TOTAL COST OF THIS DESIGN
ITEM PRICE
6,48,451 ₹
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
COST
R.O PLANT COST 2,00,000 ₹
OPERATION COST 15,000 ₹
MAINTENANCE COST 11,500 ₹
EXTRA FITTING COST 25,000 ₹
GRAM PANCHAYAT'S PROFIT 18,000 ₹
Table 21 total cost

Chapter 11:Future Development of the Village (for the PART-II)

We can say, from our observation there may be requirement to establish a proper drainage
facility as the wastewater generated in the village, has not a proper channel and the disposal of
the wastewater is in the pond which is nearby the village.
By using the solar street light system and implementing solar roof top in government building,
the villageFalu will take a step ahead towards renewable energy. Then also, there is some
requirements must ful fill to make it Smart Village.
The Village FALU needs BIOGAS PLANT & Land for WASTE DUMPING SITE by government. Road
condition is GOOD in this village but some places required to be repaired, so it must be improved.
To make more use of renewable energy, need to use solar based pumps. Rain water harvesting
used to store rain water.
Community Hall can be constructed as it will give a good platform for the villager for get-
together for different functions that is celebrated in the village.
Provision of sufficient Solar LED street light throughout the Village which provide a better
visibility during a night time and will provide a good security in the village.
There is no better condition of school playground so, there may be requirement of renovating the
playground and provides some recreation activities.
There is need of provision of road side tree plantation which give good esthetic look of village and
good environment.
Moreover, there is no technology adopted as sustainable facility which is also one of the
better option for the future aspect of project for better reliability such as Rainwater
Harvesting and Biogas plant or any other technology that produce waste to energy may be
proved to be beneficial in favour of villagers as well as development of that region.
There is no public garden or places for meeting of village people,where villagers can
do exercise in morning and for children for playing.

Chapter 12:Conclusion(Entire Village Project)

Besides smart cities, it is necessary for us to have smart village for, sustainable and inclusive
future of emerging India. Smart Villages are the need of the hour as development is needed for
both rural and urban areas for better livelihood and technology. To convert any village into
Smart and Clean Village, use of more and more renewable energy resources is an option.
➢ Vishwakarmayojana an approach towards Rurbanisation means to provide all

the basic necessities of the urban areas to the rural people by conserving their
soul natural surroundings.
➢ For the development of the village the first and foremost thing is to generate
employment so that poverty can be eradicated.
➢ We should provide all the basic facilities to the people living in the village so
that they do not had to migrate to urban areas to fulfill their needs and other
amenities.
➢ By developing Rural India, the future scenario for urbanization can be

developed in sustainable manner.
➢ Also with the help of gap analysis we conclude that the facilities to be
provided in the village to make it smart required are the basic and other primary
facilities which lacks in the village. So according to gap analysis of FALU village
we observed that the road of the villages are not in proper condition also there are
no facilities for proper disposal of waste which reduces the aesthetic appearance of
the village.
➢ According to UDPFI norms, the basic amenities which can be suggested in the
village to make it smart village are as follows:
Waste Disposal Management.
Sustainale design
Sports Complex.
Mini- Mart.
Auditorium

Chapter 13: References of report

1. http://smartvillages.org
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Village_India
3.http://urbanopus.net/smart-city-standards-
anoverview/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI7Ir8hvPR1wIV2RwrCh3IgwZzEAAYASAAEgJxlvD_BwE
4. https://factly.in/bis-releases-draft-smart-city-indicators/
5. https://readwrite.com/2016/07/27/5-key-technologies-of-a-smart-city/
6. https://www-smartinfrastructure.eng.cam.ac.uk/files/the-smart-infrastructure-paper
7. http://www.dqindia.com/smart-data-center-optimizes-all-aspects-of-it-operations/
8. http://smartcities.gov.in/content/innerpage/strategy.php
9. http://www.barc.gov.in/akruti-tp/akforce.html
10. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162513002187
11. https://smartnet.niua.org/sites/default/files/resources/MoUD%20Advisory%20on%20Urb
an%20Water%20Bodies_0.pdf
12. https://www.censusindia.co.in/states/gujarat
13. https://www.jordbruksverket.se/swedishboardofagriculture/engelskasidor/ruralopportuniti
es/ruraldevelopmentmeasures.4.6621c2fb1231eb917e680003958.html
14. http://panchayatsgoa.gov.in/schemes.php
15. https://www.claytonutz.com/knowledge/2012/april/writing-good-governanceframeworks- a-how-to-

guide
16. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sansad_Adarsh_Gram_Yojana
17. http://vikaspedia.in/social-welfare/rural-poverty-alleviation-1/sdgs-and-grampanchayats/ towards-a-

poverty-free-panchayat#section-6

18. http://support.saanjhi.in/support/solutions/articles/6000076205-mahatma-gandhi-disputefree-
village-mission-for-sagy
19. http://www.ias4sure.com/ias4sure-notes/smart-villages-we-need-smart-villages-morethan- smart-

cities/
20. http://www.indiastudychannel.com/experts/1720-What-role-Mahila-mandal.aspx
21. http://gswma.gujarat.gov.in/pfile/DPR/2010-11/Jamnagar/JAM_IWMP_13.pdf
22. http://www.teriin.org/index.php?option=com_featurearticle&task=details&sid=919&Item id=157
23. https://beeindia.gov.in/sites/default/files/4Ch12.pdf
24. http://www.em-ea.org/Guide%20Books/book- 4/4.12App%20of%20Non%20conventional.pdf
25. http://www.teriin.org/technology/energy-efficient
26. https://energy.gov/energysaver/hybrid-wind-and-solar-electric-systems
27. https://ceilingfancomparison.com/benefits-remote-ceiling-fan/
28. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger
29. http://www.mdws.gov.in/sites/default/files/Primer%20SLWM.pdf
30. http://toxicslink.org/docs/munispalwaste/upscaling-peoples_urban_solid_wastereport_
full_reprt.pdf
31. https://www.ugc.ac.in/pdfnews/3258851_Swach-Bharat-Swashth-Bharat--guidelines- 2014.pdf

Chapter 14:Annexure
14.1 Original Ideal village survey form








14.2 Original smart village(Gujarat) survey detail
 Survey form



14.3 Original your village techno –survey form

14.4 Gap analysis
Facilities Planning Village Name: Chaklad

Commission/UDPFINo
Population: 1496
rms
Existing Required as Smart Gap
per Norms village/Cities/He
ritage Future
Projection
Design
Social Infrastructure Facilities

Education
Anganwadi Each or Per 2500 4 0 0
population
Primary School Each Per 2500 population 2 0 0
Secondary School Per 7,500 population 1 0 0

Higher Secondary Per 15,000 Population 1 0 0
School
College Per 125,000 Population 1 0 0
Tech. Training Per 100000 Population 1 0 0
Institute
Agriculture Per 100000 Population 1 0 0
Research Centre
Skill development Per 100000 Population 1 0 0
centre
Health Facility
Govt/Panchyat Each Village 1 0 0
Dispensary or Sub
PHC or Health
Centre
PHC & CHC Per 20,000 population 1 0 0

Child Welfare and Per 10,000 population 1 0 0

Maternity Home
Hospital Per 100000 Population 1 0 0
Public Latrines 1 for 50 families (if 0 4 4
toilet is not there in
home, specially for slum
pockets & kutcha house)
Physical Infrastructure Facilities

Transportation Adequate/ 0
Inadequate
Pucca Village Each village Adequate
Approach Road
Bus/Auto Stand All Villages connected by 1 0
provision PT (ST Bus or Auto)
Drinking Water Adequate
Over Head Tank 1/3 of total Adequate 0
U/G Sump 2/3 0f total

2/3 of Total Demand
Drainage Network Adequate
open
cover adequate 0
Waste Management Inadequate 1 -1

System
Electricity Network Adequate 1 -1
(Yes)
Socio- Cultural Infrastructure Facilities

Community Hall Per 10000 0 1 -1

community hall cum Per 15000 1 1 -1
Public Library
Cremation Per 20000 0 1 0

Ground
Post Office Per 10000 1 1 0
Gram Panchayat Each 1 1 0
Building
APMC Per 100000 0 1 -1
Fire Station Per 100000 0 1 -1
Public Garden Per Village 0 1 -1
Police post Per 0 1 -1
Shopping mall 0 0 0

14.5 summary of all village gap analysis

Cow house
5 Falu Civil, Electrical Animal Drinking Water
Sewage Treatments Plant
Public garden
Panchayat Office
Community
hall
Biogas plant
Anganvadi
Community hall
6 Ochhan Civil,Electrical
Concrete road
Repair work panchayat house
Road side tree plantation
Block paving
7 Anastu Civil,Electrical Pubic Toilet
Solar Street Light
Bio Gas Plant
Gram panchayat
8 Miyagam Civil, Electrical
Biogas plant
Energy efficient UJALA bulbs

14.6 village interaction report with photograph

14.7 Sarpanch letter (village design proposal approval)

14.8 Drawing A3

Vishwakarma Yojana: Village,
District
14.9 Summary of Good Photographs with three different heading (ideal village,
smartvillage and allocated village)


Chapter 15 : Future Scope-Requirement of the Village (from
the PART-I chapter - 13) detail implementation of the future
scope of work. 
Sustainable Design Planning Proposal (Prototype Design)- Part- II 
In primary and techno-economic survey we collected information regarding to facilities viz.
Primary facilities, social facilities, socio-cultural facilities, educational facilities and sanitation
facilities. From the collected data and observation, the information and condition of existing facilities
as follows. 

Drinking water :
The village gets its drinking water from the 3 overhead tanks built there. The capacity of the
tanks are 60,000 liters, 80,000 and 1, 00,000liters and all at 12 mt high 
It gets water from Narmada canal and Sabarmati River flowing behind the village. 

Transportation facility:
Village approach road is made of bitumen. 
The Gujarat Ahmedabad Road is the nearest highway to Bhat. 

15.2 Recommendations / why about new proposals of Designs: 
Sustainable design (Bio gas)
In the village there is no provision to control the waste produced by animals so we had proposed a
design of biogas plant due to which the organic waste is converted into gas which can be used as fuel
for domestic purposes as well as other purposes. 

Social (Library) 

In the village the library is closed due to lack of proper facilities and improper functioning of it.
Also sufficient stock of book were not available in the village through which the children can
increase their knowledge and had made progress in their life by learning the new and innovative
perspective of the world. 

Social Cultural (Public Toilet) 

In the village the design of public toilet is important for the people living in the village from
social cultural point of view. It is also essential for the safety of women. 
The condition of ration shop is very crucial so its maintenance is required to avoid any kind of
damage to the people who goes to buy ration from the shop. 
In the village only one veterinary hospital is available as compared to the total amount of
animals in the village and also the it lack in basic facilities. So we had decided to proposed a design
of veterinary hospital with advanced and latest innovative technologies and also to provide all the
basic facilities in the hospital. 

15.3 Suggestions/Benefit of the Villagers about new path technology/ Design
Proposed by the student: 
There are following structures need to build up to Progress of village and their people:
Physical Infrastructure Facilities should need such as: Higher secondary school, closed drainage
system, panchayat building, sanitation facilities, Child Welfare centeretc. 
Social Infrastructure Facilities should need such as: Police station, hospitals, community
Housing, General market,etc. 
Socio-Cultural Infrastructure Facilities should need such as: Govt. grocery shop, Community
hall, Library, Auditorium, Recreational activities, pick up standetc. 
Sustainable Infrastructure Facilities should need such as: Green building, organic waste
controller, Natural Resources (petrol, diesel), Solar system, Biogas plant, Rain Water Harvesting,etc.
If these structures available in the village, Villager can easily gather advantages of the system
and they not need to depend on other town, good drainage system and sanitation facility in village
ensure the good health and well-being ofpeople. 

VishwakarmaYojana: Bahiyal ,Gandhinagar 
Gujarat Technological University Page 136 
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15.4 Design Proper with the Section, Elevation, Measurement, Costing, Any
other points to civil designs
15.1 Sustainable Design
Design For Storage Tank:
Basic Data
Average Annual Rainfall:
➢
The average annual rainfall in Ahmedabad City is =567mm
➢
Size Of Catchment:
The Size Of Catchment is 400sq.m (20*20m)

We have to design a storage tank with a roof top area of 400 square metre and average annual
rainfall of 567mm. The drinking and cooking requirement per person is 5litres.
Area of Roof Top = 400 sq.m
Average Annual Rainfall =567mm = 0.567m
Runoff Coefficient = 0.90
Coefficient for evaporation = 0.80
For 567sq.m area of roof top, ( Area of roof top) x ( Annual rainfall in metre) x ( Runoff
Coefficient ) x ( Constant Coefficient)
1. 400x0.90x 0.9x0.80
2. 259.2 cu.m
3. 2,59,200litres.
The tank should be suitable during dry season. With monsoon extending over 4 months i.e.
(31+31+30+30) the dry season is of 238 days.
Drinking and cooking water requirements during dry season = ( No. of days)x (Water Required By
people)
1. 238x150x5
2. 1,78,500litres
For the purpose of safety the storage tank should be build 10% higher = ( 1.10x 1,78,500 )
= 1,96,350litres.
Hence,2,59,200> 1,96,350 Therefore ok

The dimensions of storage tank are 9x3.5x8.5m = 267cum.m

VishwakarmaYojana: Falu , mehsana
Type and Design of Filtration Tank:

1.
Sand Gravel Filter
2.
Charcoal Filter
3.
PVC- Pipe Filter
4.
Sponge Filter
Design of charcoal filter:

There are four layers in charcoal type filter;
The first layer consists of 0.20 m of gravel sand
The second layer consists of 0.20 m 0f charcoal layer
The third layer consists of 0.50 m of sand layer
The fourth layer consists of 0.50 m of gravel layer
Brand Name: Furatcompany

Cost of charcoal filter tank according to furat company is Rs 15000/- which also incudes the cost
of materials as well as the cost of wire mesh.
Design Of Pipes:
The dimensions of pipe should be : Pipe 1 = 50mm = 2 inches

Pipe 2 =50mm = 2 inches
Pipe 3 = 25mm = 1 inch.
Length Of Pipe ( Pipe1 ) = 8 + 0.6+1= 9.6m

( Pipe 2) = 1.5+ 0.5= 2m
( Pipe 3) = Strom Water
Brand of Pipe = Astral Company
Design of Tap
1 Tap is to be provided .
Brand name of the tap ( Samrat Company ) cost ( Rs.500)
15.2. Physical
design Mini mart
Fig 33 Plan of Mini Mart

VishwakarmaYojana: FALU,MEHSANA
MEASUREMENT SHEET
Table no 8 Estimate of mini mart
Sr.no. Description No. Length Breadth Height Quantity
1 Earthworkin excavation for foundation in

ordinary soil upto 1.5 m. depth……
LW1 = (3.50-0.15)+0.90 = 4.25m 3 4.25 0.9 0.9 10.32

LW2 = (12.90+0.15)+0.90 = 13.95m 2 13.95 0.9 0.9 22.6
LW3 = (3.30-0.15) + 0.90 = 4.05m 6 4.05 0.9 0.9 19.68
SW = (18.90-0.15) - 0.90 = 17.85m 4 17.85 0.9 0.9 57.84

steps, 3 1.2 2.75 0.1 0.99
L = 3x0.30+0.15+0.15 = 1.2 m
B = 2x0.30+3x0.15 = 2.75m
Total: 111.43 m3
2 Provide and iaying CC (1:4:8) for
foundation
LW1 3 4.25 0.9 0.3 3.45
LW2 2 13.95 0.9 0.3 7.53
LW3 6 4.05 0.9 0.3 6.56
SW 4 17.85 0.9 0.3 19.28
Steps1 2 1.2 2 0.15 0.36
Steps2 1 1.2 1 0.15
.18
Total= 37.36 m3
3
and plinth…
Long Walls (LW1)
1st Footing (4.25+0.60) 3 4.85 0.6 0.3 2.62
2nd Footing upto GL (4.25+0.50) 3 4.75 0.5 0.3 2.13
3rd Footing GL to PL (4.25+0.40) 3 4.65 0.4 0.3 1.67
(LW2)
1st Footing (13.95+0.60) 2 14.55 0.6 0.3 5.23
(Lw3)
1st Footing (4.05+0.60) 6 4.65 0.6 0.3 5.02
VishwakarmaYojana FALU,MEHSANA
(SW)
1st Footing (17.85-0.60) 4 17.25 0.6 0.3 12.42
2nd Footing upto GL (17.85-0.50) 4 17.35 0.5 0.3 10.41
3rd Footing GL to PL (17.85-0.40) 4 17.45 0.4 0.3 8.37
Steps
1 1 0.9 0.9 0.15 0.12
2 1 0.9 0.6 0.15 0.08
3 1 0.9 0.3 0.15 0.04
Total= 65.7 m3
4 1st clss brick masonary in CM (1:6) for
superstructure
LW1 = 4.25 + 0.3 3 4.55 0.15 3 6.14
Lw2 = 13.95+0.3 2 14.25 0.15 3 12.85
LW3 = 4.05+0.3 6 4.35 0.15 3 11.74
SW = 17.85-0.3= 17.55 m 4 17.55 0.15 3 31.59
Parapet,
LW1 = 22.25+0.3= 22.55m 2 22.55 0.15 1 6.76
SW = 17.85-0.3= 17.55 m 2 17.55 0.15 1 5.26
Total = 71.34m3
Deduction for Door,
D 2 2 0.15 1.2 0.72
D1 2 1.6 0.15 1.2 0.57
D2 4 1 0.15 1.2 0.72
D3 6 0.7 0.15 1.2 0.75
D4 1 7 0.15 1.2 1.26
Total = 4.02m3
(71.34-4.02) = 67.32m3
5 Internal Plaster
* celling
Room-1 1 9.2 3.35 - 30.82
Room-2 1 9.3 3.35 - 31.15
Room-3 1 13.05 18.75 - 244.68
Room-4 1 2.15 3.15 - 6.77
Toilet 1 5.3 3.15 - 16.7
*Wall
Room-1 1 9.2 - 3 27.6
Room-2 1 9.3 - 3 27.9
Room-3 1 13.05 - 3 39.15
Room-4 1 2.15 - 3 6.45

Toilet 1 5.3 - 3 15.9

*External plaster
Parapet top(LW) 2 19.55 - 4 156.4
(SW) 2 18.75 - 4 150
Parapet inside(LW) 2 19.55 - 1 39.1
(SW) 2 18.75 = 1 37.5
Total =
829.31m3
deduction for door opening
D 2 2 - 1.2 4.8
D1 2 1.6 - 1.2 3.84
D2 4 1 - 1.2 4.8
D3 6 0.7 - 1.2 5.04
D4 1 7 - 1.2 8.4
Total =
26.88mm3
(829.31-26.88) =
802.43m3

Abstract Sheet
Table no 9 Abstract sheet of mini mart
SR.NO Description of items Quantity Rate Per Amount

1 Earthwork in excavation for foundation in 111.43 131 m3 14597.33
ordinary soil
2 Fondation concrete CC(1:2:4) 37.36 2415 m3 90224.4
3 1st class brick masonry in CM(1:6) for 71.34 2786 m3 198753.2

Superstructure
4 2nd class brick masonry in CM (1:6) for 65.7 2706 m3 177784.2

foundation and plinth
5 12mm thick plastering in CM 802.43 111 M2 89069.73

Total 570428.86
Add 3⁰⁄₀Contigencies (+) 17112.86

11408.577
Add 2⁰⁄₀ for workcharged establishment (+)
Total 598950.30

10.4 Social Design
Fig 34 sport complex
Measurement Sheet:
Table no 10 Estimate of sport complex
sr.no Description of items No Length Breadth Depth Quantity
m M M m^3
1 Excavation for foundation in ordinary soil
upto 1.5m depth
LW =10.60-0.15
=10.45+0.90
=11.35 m 2 11.35 0.9 0.9 18.38
SW =7-0.15-0.90
= 5.95 m 2 5.95 0.9 0.9 9.63
28.01
Radius
⅟₄∏r2
⅟₄∏(4.30)2

14.52 m -14.52
13.5
2 Foundation concrete BBLC (1:2:4)

LW = 10.35 + 0.90
= 11.35 2 11.35 0.9 0.3 6.13
SW = 5.95 2 5.95 0.9 0.3 3.22

9.35
3 2nd Class brick masonry for foundation and

plinth in CM (1:6)
Long wall:
1st footing 2 11.05 0.6 0.3 3.98
10.45+0.60
2nd footing upto GL 2 10.95 0.5 0.3 4.78
10.45+0.50
3rd footing GL to PL 2 10.85 0.4 0.3 2.6
10.45+0.40
Short wall
1st footing 2 6.25 0.6 0.3 2.25
6.85-0.60
6.85-0.50
6.85-0.40
17.07
4 1st class brick masonry in CM (1:6) for super

structure
LW 10.45 + 0.15 2 10.6 0.15 3 9.54
SW 6.85 - 0.15 2 6.7 0.15 3 6.03
15.57
Deduction for door 1 3 1.2 3.6

-
11.97

Abstract Sheet
Table no 11 abstract sheet of sport complex
1 Earthwork in excavation for foundation 13.5 131 cum. 1768.5
in ordinary soil
2 Fondation concrete CC(1:2:4) 9.35 2415 cum. 22580.25
3 2nd class brick masonry in CM (1:6) for 17.07 2706 cum. 46191.42
foundation and plinth
4 1st class brick masonry in CM(1:6) for 11.97 2786 cum. 33348.42
superstructure
Total 103888.6
Add 3⁰⁄₀Contigencies (+) 3116.65
Add 2⁰⁄₀ for workcharged establishment (+) 2077.77
Grand total Rs. 109084

10.5 Socio-Cultural design
Fig 35 auditorium

VishwakarmaYojana Falu village
Measurement Sheet
Table no 12 Estimate of auditorium
Sr. No. Description of items No Length Breadth Depth Quantity
m M m
1 Excavation for foundation in
ordinary soil upto 1.5m depth
LW =24.50-0.15
=24.35+0.90
=25.25 m 2 25.25 9 0.9 40.91
SW =(14.20-0.15)-0.90
= 14.05 m 2 14.05 0.9 0.9 22.76
63.67
2 Foundation concrete CC (1:2:4)

LW = 24.35 + 0.90
= 25.25 2 25.25 0.9 0.3 13.63
SW = 14.95 - 0.90 2 14.05 0.9 0.3 7.58

21.21
3 2nd Class brick masonry for

foundation and plinth in CM (1:6)
Long wall:
1st footing 2 24.95 0.6 0.3 8.98
24.35+0.60
g upto GL 2 24.85 0.5 0.3 8.94
0
24.35+0.40
Short wal
1st footing 2 14.35 0.6 0.3 5.16
14.95-0.60
14.95-0.50
14.95-0.40
33.85
4 1st class brick masonry in CM
(1:6) for super structure

LW 24.35 + 0.15 = 2 24.5 0.15 3 22.05

24.5
SW 14.95 - 0.15 = 2 14.8 0.15 3 13.32
14.8
35.37
Deduction for door 2 3 1.2 7.2

⅟₂ (1.73 *
3) = 5.19 -
22.98
5 Construction of CC stage 1 6.65 3 0.5 9.97m3
AbstractSheet
Table no 13 abstract sheet of Auditorium
1 Earthwork in excavation for foundation in ordinary 63.67 131 cum. 8340.77
soil
2 Fondation concrete CC(1:2:4) 21.21 2415 cum. 51222.15
3 2nd class brick masonry in CM (1:6) for foundation 33.85 2706 cum. 91598.1
and plinth
4 1st class brick masonry in CM(1:6) for superstructure 22.98 2786 cum. 64022.28
5 Construction of CC stage 9097 2415 cum. 24077.55

Total 239260.8
Add 3⁰⁄₀ Contigencies (+) 7177.82
Add 2⁰⁄₀ for workcharged establishment (+) 4585.21
Grand total 251224

10.6 Smart Village Design
Fig 36 Plan of SakhiMandli

Measurement Sheet
Table no 13sakhimandli
Sr.No Description No Length Breadth Height Quantity

1 Excavation In Foundation
LW= 15.30+0.90 = 16.2 m 2 16.2 0.9 0.9 26.24 m^3
SW= 10.30+0.90 = 9.4 m 2 9.4 0.9 0.9 15.22 m^3
41.46m^3
2 PCC In Foundation
Long Wall 2 16.2 0.9 0.3 8.75m^3
Short Wall 2 9.4 0.9 0.3 5.07m^3
13.82m^3
3 Brickwork In Foundation
Long Wall
First Step:
Length=16.2+ 0.60=16.8m 2 16.8 0.6 0.3 6.04m^3
Second Step:
Length=16.2+ 0.50=16.7m 2 16.7 0.5 0.3 5.01m^3
Third Step:
2 16.6 0.4 0.6 7.96m^3
Length=16.2+0.40=16.6m
Short Wall
First Step:
Length=9.4-0.60=8.8 2 8.8 0.6 0.3 3.17m^3
Second Step:
Length=9.4-0.50=8.9 2 8.9 0.5 0.3 2.67m^3
Third Step:
Length=9.4-0.40=9 2 9.0 0.4 0.6 10.8m^3
35.65m^3
4 Brickwork In Superstructure
Long Wall
Length=15.6m
Short Wall 2 15.6 0.3 3 28.08m^3
Length=10m
2 10 0.3 3 18m^3
Deduction Door/Window
D1
D2 1 0.9 0.3 1.2 0.324
W1 1 0.9 0.3 1.2 0.324
W2 1 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.216
W3 1 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.216
1 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.216
-(1.296)
44.78m^3

5 Plaster
Long Wall=15m 2 15 3 90
Short Wall=10m 2 10 3 60
Plaster (Ceiling) 15 10 150
300m^2
Deduction For Door/Window
D1 ½ 0.9 1.2 0.54
D2 ½ 0.9 1.2 0.54
W1 ½ 1.2 0.6 0.36
W2 ½ 1.2 0.6 0.36
W3 ½ 1.2 0.6 0.36
-(2.16)
297.84m^2
AbstractSheet
Table no 13 abstract sheet of sakhimandli
Item Particulars Of Item Quantity Per Rate Amount
No
1 Excavation In Foundation 41.46m^3 m^3 150 6219
2 PlainCementConcrete 13.82m^3 m^3 3000 41460
(1:3:6)
3 Brickwork In Foundation 35.65m^3 m^3 3200 114080
4 Brickwork In Superstructure 44.78m^3 m^3 3500 156744
5 20mm Plaster 297.84m^3 m^3 150 44674
Total 363180
2% Contigencies RS.72641/-
3% Work Charge Establishment Rs.10,8941/-
Total Rs.3,81,338/-

Chapter - 16 Chapter 17-design
16.1 Clearly describe the total existing scenario of the implantation
➢ Drainage system
In the village drainage system is closed but there is open gutters in some
areas which overflows in rainy season and create a lot of nuisance.
➢ Road
In the village 30% of the roads are made up of cement concrete which gets
clogged during rainy season.
➢ Sanitation Facilities
In the village door to door collection of waste are available but peoper waste
disposal system is not available.
16.2 How can be improved with small changes, Period - a) Immediately ,

b)Within 1 year and , c) Long term (3-5 years) along with cost
estimation and drawing.
Table 28 Design proposal
Sr.No Design Name Period Amount Benefit
Expenditure
So that it can function properly
18.4.1 Maintenance of 9 months 5,45,895 for the upcoming distribution of
Ration Shop resources in future.
Library
18.4.2 1-1.5 year 2,55,000 With the access to library
people can learn new things
and increase their knowledge
about their point of interests.
To provide bus stand in the
Bus Stand village so that people can sit
18.4.3 1-2 year 2,67,251
and wait for the bus rather than
standing and provide them
some convenience
It is very sustainable way to

get energy and in the village
18.4.4 Bio gas plant 2 year 4,50,000
thereislotofdungsoitisvery
economical.
To provide sustainable
18.4.5 Eco sanitation Toilet 1 year 5500 sanitation facilities in the
village
For the purpose of providing
18.4.6 Veterinary Hospital 2 years 9,35,400 immediate treatment to the
animals in the village
Chapter-17 Five Most importantan crucial items that

need to be addressed from the techno-economy
survey or Ideal Village Survey or Smart Village
Survey of the village for the visible change in the
respective allotted village for the VY project and
make the villagers happier and more comfortable for
the enhancement of thevillage
17.1 First - To Provide proper Bituminous road network with in the villagestreets
17.2 Second -To provide proper waste disposal system
17.3 Third - To provide sustainable development facilities in the village in order to

conserve the natural surroundings of the village.
17.4 Forth -To provide sakhimandali for the development and welfare
of the women living in the village
17.5 Five - Help them to understand aboutnew technologies and

innovations and how to use them.
Chapter - 18 Five Identify that from the SMART
CITIES/ VILLAGE CONCEPT AS PEROUR
IDEA AND ITS VISIT,
How the new modern technology with innovation available in the
market can be used for possible adaptation in the village.
18.1 First - Smart infrastructure
Responds intelligently to changes in its environment, with the ability to influence

and direct its own delivery, use, maintenance and support.
Smart Information and Communications Technology (smart ICT) has the potential
to transform the way we plan and manage infrastructure. New developments in
computer hardware, new applications and software are changing the face of the
infrastructure sector, and society more
generally;drivinggreaterefficiency,increasingproductivity,andgreatlysimplifyingconst
ruction processes and life-of-asset maintenance.
➢ Smart building
➢ Smart mobility
➢ Smart energy
➢ Smart waste management
➢ Smart health
18.2 Third - Strategic option for fast smart city
development Smart concrete
Smart concrete is a very broad category of material that includes self-sensing

concrete,self- adjusting concrete, self-healing concrete, etc. Self-sensing concrete is
a branch of smart concrete, which was the earliest proposed and has been
systematically and deeply investigated. self-sensing concrete mainly has
excellent mechanical property and durability, long service life, and easy
installation and maintenance. Self-sensing concrete has a wide application in
civil infrastructures such as high-rise buildings, highway, bridges, runways for
airport, continuous slab-type sleepers for high-speed trains, dams, and nuclear
power plants, and especially has great potential in the field of structural health
monitoring, traffic detection, and border/military security.
18.3 Fourth - Sewage and Sanitation
➢ 100% households should have access totoilets

➢ 100% schools should have separate toilets forgirls
➢ 100% households should be connected to the waste
waternetwork ➢ 100% efficiency in the collection and
treatment of wastewater ➢ 100% efficiency in the
collection of sewerage network
18.4 Fifth - Logical framework and linkage of Smaer city development vision
- Goals - Activity
Green building -or sustainable building- is the practice of increasing the efficiency
with which buildings and their sites use energy, water, and materials, and of
reducing impacts on human health and the environment for the entire life-cycle of a
building. Green-building concepts extend beyond the walls of buildings and include
site planning, community and land-use planning issues as well. Green buildings are
designed to meet certain objectives such as protecting occupant health; improving
employee productivity; using energy, water, and other resources more
efficiently; and reducing the overall impact to the environment.
Chapter - 19 listing of the proposed design name that
can be implement in the village with the available
fund with the village local body
List the sources of the funding available with the Village Authority
(from the Sarpanch, TDO, DDO, Etc.)
➢ Landlords
➢ By Donation
➢ By Donation from any Private
organization
➢ Government sector scheme
➢ Fund collected by Panchayat for development of
Village
➢ Government allocated fund for village
development
19.2 Design Name Implantation with the available fund
Sr. Proposed Design Period Available Amou

No. Name fund nt
Expen
diture
1 Rain water 1 year - 55000
harvesting
2 Sports complex Within 3 to 6 months Tendering 5,45,568
Process
3 Mini mart Within 1 year Tendering 6,36,996
process
4 Auditorium Within 5 years Tendering 8,61,458

Process
Table 29 Design proposal

Chapter - 20 Provide in all the available
infrastructure in tabular format like schools,
community halls, hospitals and drainage system etc.
with names of the persons present working there
and number of more persons required for
maintenance etc. (Actual scenario of the village with
the man power and condition.
Infrastructure MANPOWER
Available Required
School 1 principle (3 teacher) 3
Panchayat building 3 0
Milk Co-operative Society 2 3
Anganwadi 9 0
Underground sump 2 0
Elevated water tank 1 0
Waste collection 3 0
Chapter - 21 Write statements of the local people in
local language/ or in English with 5 male and 5
female persons at random. After taking the statement
identify the acute need of the majority of the local
people and what could be done immediately to
address their problems as per below table,
(After interviews the student need to get verify their
statement with the actual places)
Interaction -1
Sureshbhai says, Roads are very weak and they get clogged in rainy season.
Interaction -2
Ramnikbhai says, the drainage is open and it causes illness to villagers
Interaction-3
Kishorbhai says, maintenance of panchayat building is required
Interaction -4
Pareshbhai (principal of primary school) says, the flooring is weak and it needs to be repaired.
Interaction -5
Manojbhai says, they do not get proper profit in the agriculture products.
Interaction -6
Ramilaben says, Sport facility is not availale in the village.
Interaction -7
Hansaben says, provide community toilet for local public users and visitors.
Interaction -8
Swatiben says, garden is required for village .

Interaction -9
Ramilaben says, a primary help center is required to be treated..
Interaction -10 Pushpaben says, waste disposal system is not available.

Chapter - 22 Social Scenario in the village of the family
Sr. Questions No of Remarks

No. Family
1 Debt by any family presently 0
being faced?
2 Any serious starvation by any 0
family that may lead to death...?
3 How to solve such an issue? -
4 What are the incidents in the -
past?
5 Village developed for the 0
Rehabilitation &Redevelopment
of Slum area?
6 How many family facing water 0
scarcity?
7 How many children not taken the 0
vaccination?
8 How many children not going to 0
school?
9 How many women are facing 0
health related issue?
10 How many is not having/facing 0
the earning sources?
11 Social justice happening? 0
12 Nurturing local self-governance? 0
13 Skilling local youth to improve 0
employability?
14 In this village “Beti Padhao Beti Bachao” is - Yes
getting encouragement?
15 In Village Women Helpline - No

available?
16 Is any technological usage 0 No
happening in the village?

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DETAIL PROJECT REPORT

NAME BRANCH NAME ENROLLMENT NO

RAJ BALAT CIVIL ENGINEERING 130170106003

SANDEEP CHOUDHARY CIVIL ENGINEERING 160173106003

VISHWALARMA GOVERNMENT Prof. KL TIMBANI

Detail Project Report for

NAME BRANCH NAME ENROLLMENT NO

Date of Report Submission: VY-Nodal Officer Name and Signature

Internal Guide Name and Signature

R.K. GAJJAR VISHWAKARMA GOVT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Principal Name and Signature Institute name &Stamp

We also express our gratitude to Prof.(Dr.)S.D.Panchal, Registrar, Gujarat Technological University-

Gujarat Technological University Page 9

2.2 Smart Cities Options

2.3 India's Smart Cities: Issues & Challenges

3. My Village Literature Review

Gujarat Technological University Page 10

3.3 Rural Issues & Concerns………………………………………………………….……..

4. Concept of Infrastructure Facilities

5. Introduction about Falu Village

Gujarat Technological University Page 11

5.1.1 About Falu Village…………………………………

5.2 Falu Village Study Area Profile

6. Case Study --CIVIL

7. Data Collection FALU Village (Photograph/Graphs/Charts/Table)

7.2.1 Introduction of Village…………………………………………………

Gujarat Technological University Page 12

7.2.13 Manufacturing HUB / Ware Houses.........……………………….…….

7.3.1 Drinking Water …………………………………………….…………

8. Sustainable Technical Options with Case Studies of the Existing Village

Gujarat Technological University Page 13

8.1.3 Various type method for Drainage System………….……………...

9. Various Designs in Rural Areas along with cost

10. Sustainable Design Planning Proposal (Prototype Design)- Part- I

Gujarat Technological University Page 14

15.2 Recommendations / why about new proposals of Designs….……147

16. Chapter 17-design

23. CIVIL / ELECTRICAL-TECHNICAL DOMAIN POINT FOR CASE STUDY

24. SAGY Questionnaire with the Sarpanch Signature (Original Form)

FIGURE FIGURES LISTING PAGE NO

Gujarat Technological University Page 16

35 Cycle of sanitation 106

Gujarat Technological University Page 17

Gujarat Technological University Page 18

SHORT NAME / SYMBOL FULL NAME

RCC Reinforced cement concrete

BPL Below poverty line

SHG Self help group

SBM Swatch bharat mission

PMAY Pradhan mantri awash yojana

NHDP National highway development

UDPFI Urben and regional development

ASHAS Accredited social

Gujarat Technological University Page 19

Chapter 1: Ideal village visit from your District of

Fig 1. Interacting with Baben Deputy Sarpanch

Gujarat Technological University Page 20

Fig 2. Arial view of BABEN village

Fig 3.location of baben