SADHANAMALA

EDITED BY
BENOYTOSH BHATTACHARYYA, M.A.
Li/e Ycmb~r,A~iolicSociuty of Bengd.

Central Library,
Baroda.
Pl~bliehedby Newton Mohun Dutt. C'uM.tr)r of State Librarir*. f o ~
the Go\-~rnmcntof H.H. the Mnha~'n.ja(:wkwnd of Rar(K1~.

Printed s t the Baptiut &ion Prees,

41. Inwer Circular R o d , Odcutta.

Price. Rs. 5.
 HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJA DR.SIR SAYAJI
HA0 GARKWAD. G.C.S.T.. G.C.I.E., LL.D., in tbe
course of his n~enlorsblcAddren~d e l i v a d before the
Chnvmution of the Henartw Hindu 1Tniverait-y on the
19th zlanuclr~.1914, clivelt tit le~lptllon tire neoe~eity
of hrerrdth of \-isio~ii n field of J~ldinnsoholarehip,
t l r c b

R I : ~ warned all sctio1~1.s l o trr-oid Ilrcrt tnmt terrible of

b-

Prrorv, the trf~rt.or,.tr~.*~v

of thorrr~ht.rc*hicit rrt tlrv end 8tiJhz
thntrghf and i~uf;r.itittnlif,y.
'' Hin Higlrnc~~~'w words were
not lllere words o f elllpty co~lnc.il: he wan laying down
a principle ivbic*h I~adrol~aixtt~ntly
11th followed through-
out his lift.. 111 t h ~~ l lt er ~ tof ~cl~olarship Hiu Highnem's
t)n*~dth c ~ tvisicw intlr~cetlI l i ~ ut,o i~lstitutihn thorot~gh
esalllina t io11 of this .Tttill Hllcillclnl.x of .Jaisnlrner and
Patt,ali. Tlliu si*~rv11 R K H ~ I ! let1 too the discovery of
two nnicjtle alld ~ ) r ~ c ( ~Rr~dcll~i~t li~-s 13155 which were long
supposed to ha\-(% I,ce~rloqt t o t l l c a \c.orld i l l their original
Sanskrit. His Highness. in corlrsc*of thc snrne addrees,
also at~norrncedthe dir~coveryo f thpae t w o MSS. The
first in tilth Nyciynl)r.c~t*e.Qtr of Diilnaga, who is reputed to
be the first yv~t~enliser of lridiall IAociv,and the second
is t h T~a l f t ~ f ~ . s c r t ! q rof
c ~ l~~ ~
f ~l i t n r a k with
~ i t ~the
. Paiijih
of Kitmltla4ila. Hot11 tliene ucholer~ will ever be re-
membered in Illdin11 history for having introduoed,
Buddhisr~land Huddl~isticcult urc! into Tibet. Great io
the achierea~eutcolil~equerlt011 the breadth of vision,
which once on the part of the ancient Jainas, led to the
preservation of these u~liqueworku in their Bhandam, and
again on the part of His Highneen, led to the dimvery
and publication of tl~eseworku. Furthermore, aotuated
by his characteristic love of ancient Tndien aulture,
His Highness gaciously promised his powerful eupport
to the cause of Buddhist and Jaitl studies in his State.
An ardent lover and keen student of comparative reli-
gion he roalieed the lack of published materials for
further rwertrches in Buddhism and .lainism.
In pursuance of His Higtlness's wisl~esin the matter
of Buddhistic str~diesseveral ue\v Hnddhist works have
been undertaken for puhlicntion i t 1 tlie Cnekfocrd'r Orient-
al Sem'e.~,besides t 11e Xgilyn prvr /.P.(.IL and the Tnft?:a.sa~!h-
,grahu already referred 1.0. The niost inlporta 11t alllo~lg
them are the SudhnnnmAlfi, .4dtrcr!ln ~-qjrcr.vn~~~!\rcri~(~
Jii~ n n -
(I

ndddhi of I ntlral~hn i of
ti, Prrr.j,?o1>irynt.ini~4cc1,ya~iddIt
Anailgavnjrn a ~ l dthe TarEnhhas,c of ,\lokytlktirasrupta.
The Sadhicnu~nitlfibeing so~lle\\.htttvoll~tnino~~s, it is
proposed to isslte it in two volunles. the tirst of which is
now prenent.ed t,o tlw Satlsl;ritists. This book belongs
to a little known l)t.;~nclhof Norther11 Hutldhism eallcrl
the \Tajrayanrt. The importance of t.lle work was right-
ly recog~liacstlby t l ~ etautlioriticbs of t l l c x Rilrliothicc~Bud-
dhiat Seriea o f S t . t3ctcrsl)rlrg, \vho tool< u p this work for
publicatioll over 11 yenrs itpo 1)nt 11ad to abandon their
activities dr~ringthe great \\-ar a.tltl tlie s ~ ~ b a e q r ~ e ~ l t
Ru~siallKevolntio~l.
The iatrodur-tion to th(. secoiid \?olumeof this work
will girc full details of the SitrJhnrrnt~titliiand of the Vajra-
yanu syst,em of Buddhist pliilosoplly with n history of
the litmetun. atid noticixs of the iniportatlt autllora
mainly. 111 this ~ o l u m ewe will elldeavollr to explain tt
few salient feature.? of the worlr whicll may enable our
readers to follow the text with greater ease and satis-
faction.
The S i i d h n a ~ ~ n iis.i l aa
~ the title indicatee. acollection
of short works called Sadhenas or rituals for worshipping
deitiee. It s p p e m to be a heterogeneous collection of
SBtlhanas, oompoed by different. authors, without any
 PREFACE. ~ i i

definite plan. a~ can be eeet~frotn a qlence at the s~~110p-

s b of contents. The work begins with two Siidhanas for
Trisamayan%ja, wllo is t.o he ident i6ed with Anloghasid-
dhi. one of the five Dhptini Huddllas. They arc followed
by threr Sridlla11a.sof VRjriisnna Buddha wllo i~ pelierallg
confonnded with G ~ I I ~ RBliddlln.
I I I R hr~twho. as A matter
of fact. is nolie other than tilt. I)hy&ni Ruddhn Aksoblig~
liimself. Only o ~ l cSlidhaan (So. 3) i l l single 31s
gives the. Snrrrn.4irr.rr n s : --

hut RS his V ~ j a ~ l ~ i ~isn t'*r tH~I I I"~ t llt- Vijalnnatnr of

. as thcb Sndhat~lnNo. :I (p.18.1. 17) deacribcs
A k ~ b h y un11t1
\'rrjr&snu~as .Ak+ohlrgn nllrl i t l s o n.4 IIP shows t Ile Rhfiuli-
*parria 3lrldrli or tllc. 1111clraof .-!kvot)hytl, it is c l e ~ tbtit r
\'ajrtisan<~ant1 .Ak.~;ot)l~yi~ I I I I I R ~ol~viol~sly be the same.
.Akgol)liyn gt*tssthtb nl)itlict of Vtljruval~ntts his Lfiircc.lr.nr~a~
is the \ * H J ~ Ht111da.9 1 1 sits
~ i l l t hf? I'(!jrnp(tr!/ai.kaattitude.

'I'hc Sadhallas of \'itjri~sii~l;~ ilrcbs~~c-c.c~c~tled by u ua~nher

of Siicl11ana.r clpvott*d t,o t 11ccii tTer*c~ t vnrietie~of Ava-
lokitc4vnrn, t l ~ t : r S l i - ( ' o ~ ~ l ) i l s ~ i ~Kotlhisatt
~ ~ i t t ~ * va. who,
acc.ol*di~rg to Kiira~!davy~~l~n. ~.tbfuncrlanl~at~ion, tl~ough
fully (butit.lecl to it, I I I I ~i l all c.rcnut~ I I - ~ofS the I.'niverw
were in posscsrior~of' tlle Ijoilhi Itnowlcdge. Thirty-
sere11 Sadllsl~as(6-43! are rlcvoted to his v s r i o ~ ~n~ani- s
fedt,ations, na~nrly, $ai!ltkynri LokeAvnra, LokanBtha,
Halahal~. Va jracl harnln. Khssarpalla, HirphanBda,
Padmanartterivara, Harihariharivahanodbhavs, Trai-
lokyava.bai~kara,S i l a k a ~ ~ t hI\layBj&lakrama-Lokesvara
a.
Sugatiaandarciana and Pretbgantarpita. The Sldhanas
of Avalokitebvara are followed by 41 SBdhanas ( 4 6 8 4 )
devoted t o the different forms of Mafijukri, namely,
Sthiracakra, Vadirat, Malijughoga, Arepacantl, V a j a -
nanga, DharmadhatuvBgikvara, Vlk. Siddhaikavirtl,
M&rajaliIts- Maiij uk5, Alimanmatha, Vajrtlfikgga,
Dharm&n khaeamadhi-Mtlfijucin, Niimtwabgiti, and
X PREFACE.

-anq (p. 179), for instaace, a

particle has beon inc!uded in s long conlpound ; in
ZIQT
mf&. two vowels are kept in juxtaposition
without being joined together by the rules of Sandhi.
hmetimes tinnecessary words are introduced in the line,
for inetance w u i m d -1 (p. 70) in a Rloka in
the U s j r r i metre; also, in ~f+$i qwrd 3 nmt 4
WTTKWWTTU- ip. 197) in a11 dnztp!rdh i l o l i ~ . Some-
timee el80 an additiona.1line is introduced in a kloka of
four lines, for instance, amm'sn; ifcr?i fw% 011 1). 70,
1. 12.
It may not be out of place to inention here the
nlethod adopted in editing this most difficult worli-olle
written in a very outlandish language. Here tlie arrange-
ment of the S ~ d h a n a8s~ foalid in tIhe -4, C'. N and Xa
ha^ generally been followed. Sew Siidlla~lasnot occur-
ring in individual MSS have been inserted in the micldle,
end in their appropriate places. Regarding different
r d i n g u , the one that approac11e.r Ilearest t.0 correct
Sanskrit ha^ generally been rcd~pt~ed.AS regard8 Ortlio-
grephy slight changes have been made, while the correct
Sanskrit spelling lias in most cmee been adopted, and care
has been taken not to disturb the fantastic gram~~iatical
oonstruction. It1 spelling words, the MSS do not generally
agree : Rome give the correct Sanskrit form, \vhile others
show variou~degrees of incorrectness. In such cases. the
nearest correct spelling in Sa~lskrithas been adopted in
the text, the incorrect forms being given in the footnotes.
The -4 t~agrahcr( s ) marks are given very rarely in the MSS,
so most of them have been added by tlie editor. At the
end of the verses, in many instances d n w ~ r a ( ) is not
changed info m (q). Uniformity .has been secured in
thie respect. Throughout t.he book, whenever there has
been any suspioion aa to the omiesiou of letters or words,
addit-ionel letters or words have been inserted in square
 PREFACE. xi
brackets [ 1. When, however, the reading given on the
text has been found to be obviously incorrect. the c o m c t
form has been given on the body of the text, the
incorrect form being enclosed within sir~glehrncket1~ ( ):
and whenever ,zng editorid liberty has been taken with
regard to the text. it has bee11so statecl ill the foot~lote~.
Whenever again. passares or words could not be r~nder-
stood R query enclosed within silirle 1)rttcketn ( ? I I ~ M R
been added tliereaftcl.. -4s regards tlre d i f f e l ~ ~rl et d -
ings, suggestions given in thc footuotes will be fonnd to
be copio~isand i.sIlarlsti\.e. n~ldt l ! ~renders tvill. it in
hoped. extend tl~cir ind~~lgc*l~c.c if so~ne r ~ r ~ n c ~ c e s s ~ r ~
readings are forllld tilereill. 'I'liej- arcnt tlcrtb for those in-
genious readers \\.]lo art1 cb\ cr ready to dincovcr some
hidden meaning ill ;dl ohscurc~I)irsuagtbn. Tl~c*reading
wbich seenlcd to l ~ t *corrcvt and 1110at c*xprrsdive ~ Q R
always been stat.etl on tllc I)ntly o f t llc t c ~ t .wllile fill
others have been pat rlo\t111i l l the footnotcbs, R I I ~from
these readings tllr*V C R ~ ( T S will Iinve alnplc opportr~rlitien
to exercise their o\\ 11 ill~:~gination.
The present etlitiol~of the S f i d k n ~ ~ a t r ~ i~
r i bl)clse<l
on eight differeat MSS \vliich artbc.llunir~.atedhclo\t- with
a short dcscriptio~lof ~a('11. 'I'lle MSS. Na and Nb, being
very corrupt, it was not touncl l~ecesnaryto c*oJlt~tethe
teat with these con~plet~ly : neither coi~ltlwe get oppor-
tunities to YO collate t!rt*nl. But minute attention \las
been paid to tlie rest.
1. A. It i~ H colnplete MS thor~ghfull of spelling
mistakes, oniissionn and repetitions. Spellirlg mistaken
lare ten per line on an average. I t belongs to the
Library c ~ fthe Asiatic Society of Bengal and iu described
in the Descriptive C!atalogue of S a n e b i t M 8 S in the
Government collection. vol. 1 , under No. 74.
2. B. The original which is dated N.S. 285 (A.D.
1165) is now in the Cambridge University Library.
xii PBEWACE.

Bdng old it it3 in some d e g m o o r k t , though omimions

and errors are quite numerous. It has yielded severel
new 8gdhantt.s which are pointed out in the footnotea in
their respective places. It is incomplete in the begin-
ning and in the middle and a few leaves ere lost a t
fbe end also. Thiu MIS has been described under No.
Add. 1686 on page 174 in the C'atulogue of the Buddhid
San.~kritMlFR i n IhR U n i v e r ~ i t yLibrary, Cam-bridge, by
Rendall. An a~t~henticated copy of this MS is preser-
ved in t,he CENTRAL LIBRARY, RARODA.
3. . I t is a paper MS belonqi~~g aluo to the
Canlbridge Univereity Lihrary. It. is a grossly incorrect
copy lllade hp Am~tiinandabhe Residency Pandit in
Nepal wlleil Brian Hodgson was the Resident there.
'l'he date given in the pout-colophon is X.S. 939 cor-
responding to A.D. 1819. It is described in RendaW'~
Cnlalogzir under No. 1595 on page 132. In arrangement
it is sin~ilarto A, N and Nb. A and C commit the
xanle kind of ~nist~akes and r~pet~itions, and it appears
thcreforc that tile original in both t l l e ~ ecanses was tshe
same.
4. N. This MS in palm-leaf is in an excellent state
of preserv~tion.though some leaves at the end have
been hlllrred alld erased bg coilstant handling. It is by
far the best MS of Sfidhana,,aCtki and is mostsly correct.
I t i~ dividetl. into two parts, the dirision being purely
arbitrnry. and is written in a character similar t o
that emplo~edin the MS of Paricarak?a which is d a h d
in &aka 1211, corresponrlinp t,o A.D. 1289, and ia pre-
served in the B e n ~ n l~ s i l r t i c - ~ o c i e 1t ~, i~b' sr q . This MS
of 8iidhn,tta??tiilfitherefore appears to have been written
solnetiiue between A.D. 1275 and 1300. It is described
in M M . Haraprasad Shestri'~Catalogue of palm-kxzj and
I=pr MSS hloolging to the Dwrbw Librrtry, Nepal, vol.
11. on page 83.
 PREFAOa xiii
5. Ab. The original MS in palm-leaf is in tbe
Iibrery of the Asiatic Society of Bengd. An eutben-
ticated copy of this MS is aleo preserved in tbe
CENTRAL LIBRARY, BARODA, and the p r e n t
text haa been collated therewith. The readings herein
found are rather whim~icaland dieagree with other
MSS in many respects. I n arrangement also it i~ not
regular. as can be seen from the descriptioil of the 1\18
in the Cdarlogue of ,qanskn't M S 8 in tire (Jotret*rrv~~ant
Cdleetion under No. I1 1 on page !78 6.where a l i ~ oft
8Bdhanaa contained therein has been given. The writing
of the MS is more akin to the triangular variety of
Rr&hmi,and the date of the writing may be Idaced Rome-
where in the beginning of the 13tl1centnry.
6. Ba. Two copies of this paper 51s are in
existence, one in the Library o f tire Asiatic 8ociety of
hngal, and another. in tile CENTRAI, 1.IBRARY.
HARODA. It is inoomplete, the first and the last pageu
being written in a ditlerent and a much later hand. Tlie
writing of the MS appears to be about 300 years old.
In arrangement it generally follows the MS. A, N and C
with occasional omiseions. For a description of the
MS eee A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanekit Mi98 i n
the Government Collection. vol. I . under No. 112 on page
180 ff.where a liut of Ehdhanas ia aleo given. This M8,
on the lest leaf, gives the data e~ N.S.224 corresponding
to A.D. 1104, which seemu to be the date of the original
A S S because, the writing i~ so late that i t cannot
warrant us in placing the present MS so early.
7. Na. It ie a very defective paper MS written
in a very modern hand end ie full of e m m and
omiseions. It ie numbered 603 in the Library regiater
of the Nepal Durbar Library and is dated in V.8. 1968,
It begine with the Trisamayaraja SBdhana and ends with
the $ot$eBabhuja-Mahahla a d b a n a and confeins about'
X ~ V PBEFACE.

150 &dhanaat in all. In arrangement it agrees with the

M8S, A, C, and N. The MS. measures 12"x 6", contains
268 folia and itP extent in $lokas is 6,000. The p r e ~ e n t
text ha^ only been partially collated with this MS.'
8. Nb. I t is also a very defective MS. and
horribly incorrect, and is preserved in the Durbar
Library. Nepal. It is a recent MS and hm been
described in MM. Haraprasad Shastri's Catalogue of
Seketed Pr~per and Palm.-leaf ,!?lS~~helonqi~ag to the
Durbar Ldhrary, Nepal, vol. IT, on page 200 where a
list of Siidha~~cts
a l ~ oappears. The text hereinafter pre-
sented has only been partially collated with the MS.
I11 nrrangement it does not agree with m y other MS
of the work, and it contains a t the end some portions of
ctnother work not t o be found in any other MS.
These arc the eight MSS which were con~ulted
or 11~edin this edition. There are some other MSS in
esistence, but we had 110 opport~inity of consulting
t l ~ e n ~Onch
. i~ ill Cambridge wl1ic11is nllnlbered in the
library regi~t~er as Add 1684 alld belongs t o the 13th
century. The second is in the Biliothdque Nationale,
Paris, and two others are in the possession of the
Kombag Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. Thougli
we had not the opportunity of examining these MSS,
vet it is hoped that t l ~ epri~ltedtest will he found to be
ctcourate and complete.
-4t this stage it is llecessary to discuss the title and
the extent of the Siidhunamiilii. The 3lSS A, C, and Na
cli~tiactlystate in the last colopl~onthat the name of the
work is Siidhanamniilii. The 31s. Ba has the letters in. an.
on the margin of every page, and these appear to be
nothing but an abbreviation of the word m w s r m r . N
-- - - -- .- .-- - - -.. - - - -- - .
1 I a n obliged to my friend. Prof. Sudhir Kumnr Roy Chowdhuri, M.A.,of
S1.1wl. for atapplying me with thin inionnation to mpleninh m y memory.
 is also called ~ ~ R T Uin Uthe Cdalogau though the laet
colophon is obliterated by constant handling. The
palm-leaf MS Ab has no end and no laat colophon, but
the blank obverse side bears the title ~lrrwmgqwwritten
in a rery late hand. B haa neither the end nor the last
colophon, but it has been called a r m in Bendell's
Cntalque. Only in MS Nb we find the name mumqqw
in the colophon of every Sfidhana, the nllmbers ebo
being airen in every case. -4 glance a t the list of
S & d h ~ n agiven
s on pp. 200-6 in the second volunle of the
Cntnlo!jtre of Paper and Polnr-lenf JlSS in the Dztrbar
Libmrp, Sepal. \\.ill show that in arrangement the MS
Nb follows none of the other BISS of thc aruqinrri
thougl~the actual S~clllanasare found in others. It
appears therefore that the same collection of Sadhanee
is designated in some 3fYS as armaw and in ail
others RS m m . The sense of the two words being
the sanle, alld the mnjoritv of the MSS being entitled
wr-~nrrrprr Me have chosen this title. There are Tibetan
translatio~lsof this work, and there also both thc titles
are found. the only difference being in the arrangement
.of the SBdhanas.
Sow that the title of the MS hae been discussed, we
will proceed to diicuss its beginning and the end. The MS
-4begins with the Trisamayaraja Sadhana (No. I ) , B is
i~lcon~plete in the beginning, C begins with the Vajrib-
sana Sadhana. (No. a), N begins with the Trisamaya-
raja Sadhana (No. l),Ba is incomplete in the beginning,
wll~leSa also begin.cr with the Trisamayaraja Sadhena
tXo. I ) : so, we can talie it for granted that the Sibdhana-
mala co~l~~nences
which begins with :--qrrfmmi *,
with the Skdhana for Trisamayareje
etc. But we muat
leave the palm-leaf MS Ab and the paper M S Nb alone,
as the first begins with the Vajravariibi SBdhanct, und
as both have arrangements entirely of their own not
xvi PREFACE.

followed by any other MS of the muwmm or m a g r c r

so far diecovered.
To seoertein the end of this heterogenoas'wllect?on
of the Mdhanas is also no easy task. The MS A ends
with the Skdhana of b&da$abhu ja-~ah&k&l&idhann,
tbough eren after the end it hrts long extracts from the
Malriikula Tantra which is again followed by duplicates
'of some Sidhaslas and the final colophon. N ends with
the same S&dhane,ao also C and Na. B ie incomplete at
,the end, and eo ie Ba. The MSS Nb and Ab mliat be left
out of acoount as t,heee have their'special arrangement
of the Siidhanas, and in this respect both the b1SS are
independent. But rrs the majority of the MSS cnd with
the QodaBabhuja-Mah&k&las&dhana, that is taken to be
the end of the book.
The Sadbanas, besides prescribing a regular proce-
dure for the wor~hippingof deities. give descriptiorl of
numerous Mudas, the nameu of me~nyof which are
altogether new, and were believed to have bee11 for-
gotten. There are, moreover, a large number of 5lantros
and Dharaqie, many of which are eren now recited in
Tibetan and Newari worehip. On pp. 247,249,250,251,
appear eeveral intereating Mantrag for the prevention of
snake bite, and for the extraotion of poisoil from the body
of the patient. In the W h a n a s of Jiliguli. i t is written
that hez Mantra hae extraordinary powers inasmuch
as whoever heam it., but once, will not be bitten by a
snake for aeven yeere, and whoever keeps the Mantra in
memory, is never bitten by a snake througl~outlife.
Moreover, there appeam a series of different kinds of
applioation of some Mentras which, along with certuiil
mediainee and ingrediente, are said to confer great
benefitson the worshippers. The Bdhanas of Vajratirii
(Nw.93, 94, and 110) and of MafijuBri (No. 84) are
i-aes r point.
 PBEFACE. xvii
The Mantras and Dhiiranis were employed generally
for t,he good of mankind such aa curing of diseases,
saving of people from fierce and dangerous animals,
prevention of disewes. and snake-bit-es,etc. These were
equally e~i~ployed for evil pnrposeg, snch as V k i k a r a ~ a ,
.bewitching ', Mgrann. destruct.iotl of enemies' and
Ic&tatla, ' dest.ruction of dwellitlp hoases,' nnd so forth.
More.abont these a,fterwnrds.
Cordial and grateful tlianks are due t,o our revered
l)e\van Snlieb, HIS ES('ELI,ENC3Y SIR MANlTBHAI
N. XEHTA. Kt., ('.S.l., ,li..4.. I,L.H., for his keen and
sylnpathetic i~iterestin this ~ o r l ifor
, Iris munificent grant
for its printing arid for his sr~stniriedenconragoment.
Hearty ,zcknowledgments arc also aladt* to our
itssistant. the elrcelleilt Jairl Patldit. Mr. Lalchand
I3hagwat1dasGandhi, who has retrd(.~.edinval~tnblc~ervioe
I)? carefully revisitrg tlw proofs, and hy hi^ numerous
x~tgqest~ionn a ~ l dcnit~i~dationx for improving the t9oxt.
He is ii deep and well-read sclrolar. of the old sc.lroo1, and
his extensivch knowledge of .4pntlirnmha and grrcmmar
Iias prorcbd to be of grc-at Iielpfulrtcsn.