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    Low Energy Cooling

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    abhianand123
    1) Evaporative cooling uses water evaporation to lower air temperature in hot, dry climates through sensible and latent cooling. There are three main types: indirect, direct, and indirect/direct evaporative cooling. 2) Benefits of evaporative cooling include lower installation and operating costs compared to air conditioning, bringing in fresh outdoor air rather than recirculating indoor air, and savings on energy costs. 3) Multiple low-energy cooling technologies are described, including structure cooling using underground pipes, district cooling with centralized chilled water production/distribution, radiant cooling using cooled surfaces, and earth air heat exchangers using constant underground temperatures.

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    Low Energy Cooling

    Uploaded by

    abhianand123
    62 views7 pages
    1) Evaporative cooling uses water evaporation to lower air temperature in hot, dry climates through sensible and latent cooling. There are three main types: indirect, direct, and indirect/direct evaporative cooling. 2) Benefits of evaporative cooling include lower installation and operating costs compared to air conditioning, bringing in fresh outdoor air rather than recirculating indoor air, and savings on energy costs. 3) Multiple low-energy cooling technologies are described, including structure cooling using underground pipes, district cooling with centralized chilled water production/distribution, radiant cooling using cooled surfaces, and earth air heat exchangers using constant underground temperatures.

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    1) Evaporative cooling uses water evaporation to lower air temperature in hot, dry climates through sensible and latent cooling. There are three main types: indirect, direct, and indirect/direct evaporative cooling. 2) Benefits of evaporative cooling include lower installation and operating costs compared to air conditioning, bringing in fresh outdoor air rather than recirculating indoor air, and savings on energy costs. 3) Multiple low-energy cooling technologies are described, including structure cooling using underground pipes, district cooling with centralized chilled water production/distribution, radiant cooling using cooled surfaces, and earth air heat exchangers using constant underground temperatures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    62 views7 pages

    Low Energy Cooling

    Uploaded by

    abhianand123
    1) Evaporative cooling uses water evaporation to lower air temperature in hot, dry climates through sensible and latent cooling. There are three main types: indirect, direct, and indirect/direct evaporative cooling. 2) Benefits of evaporative cooling include lower installation and operating costs compared to air conditioning, bringing in fresh outdoor air rather than recirculating indoor air, and savings on energy costs. 3) Multiple low-energy cooling technologies are described, including structure cooling using underground pipes, district cooling with centralized chilled water production/distribution, radiant cooling using cooled surfaces, and earth air heat exchangers using constant underground temperatures.

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    of 7

    LOW ENERGY COOLING TECHNOLOGIES:

    EVAPORATIVE COOLING1:

    Evaporative cooling is a mechanism traditionally used to provide thermal comfort in


    hot and dry regions. The mechanism involves sensible and latent cooling of air with
    water.

    EVAPORATIVE
    COOLING

    Indirect Direct Indirect Direct


    Evaporative Evaporative Evaporative
    Cooling (IEC) Cooling (DEC) Cooling (IDE)

    INDIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLING (IEC)

    Primary air is cooled sensibly with a heat exchanger, while the secondary air carries away
    the heat energy from the primary air as generated vapour.

    1
    http://ategroup.com/hmx/why-evaporative
    DIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLING (DEC)

    Water evaporates directly into the air stream, thus reducing the air temperature while
    humidifying the air.

    INDIRECT DIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLING (IDE)

    With indirect/direct evaporative cooling, the primary air stream is cooled first with indirect
    evaporative cooling and then cooled further with direct evaporative cooling.
    BENEFITS OF EVAPORATIVE COOLING2:

    SYSTEM PARAMETERS

    Area of home 1500 sq. ft.


    Height of ceiling 8 ft.
    Air Change Required Once in every 2
    minutes
    Energy Cost $ 0.15 per kWH

    PARAMETERS OF RAC UNIT


    EVAPORATIVE COOLER’S PARAMETERS
    (Producing same cooling effect as evaporative cooler)

    Air movement capacity of system 6000 CFM Tonnage 4 Ton


    1-HP motor and the water pump SEER 13
    1.9 kW
    combined consumption
    Electricity consumption 1.9 kW

    Cost Benefits of Evaporative Cooling:

    EVAPORATIVE COOLING (6000CFM) REFRIGERATION (4-TON)

     Approximately $3,500 Installed  Approximate $8,000 Installed

     Costs about $0.26 per hour to run  Costs about $1.13 per hour to run

     Brings in fresh outdoor air  Recirculates stale indoor air

    2
    https://phoenixmanufacturing.com/evaporative-cooling-how-it-works-and-why-it-saves-you-money
    SIZING AND SELECTION

     Evaporative coolers are rated by the cubic feet per minute (cfm) of air that they deliver
    to the house. Most models range from 3,000 to 25,000 cfm. Manufacturers
    recommend providing enough air-moving capacity for 20 to 40 air changes per hour,
    depending on climate.

     The direct saturation efficiency can be determined as follows3:


    𝑇𝑒,𝑑𝑏 −𝑇𝑙,𝑑𝑏
    ∈=
    𝑇𝑒,𝑑𝑏 −𝑇𝑒,𝑤𝑏

    Where:
     ∈= direct evaporative cooling saturation efficiency (%)
     𝑇𝑒,𝑑𝑏 = entering air dry-bulb temperature (°C)
     𝑇𝑙,𝑑𝑏 = leaving air dry-bulb temperature (°C)
     𝑇𝑒,𝑤𝑏 = entering air wet-bulb temperature (°C)

     STRUCTURE COOLING4: Structure cooling technology absorbs the heat stored in the
    building. The pipes are laid down in the floor during the construction stage in which the
    refrigerant flows to bring down the temperature. The network of pipes is connected to
    a manifold and the manifold is connected to a two-stage cooling tower to reject the
    heat. It provides uniform cooling/heating throughout the building. Considerable Energy
    savings as water is circulated at 20-26°C compared to 7°C of chilled air for conventional
    systems. This process consumes only 0.03kW/ton when compared to conventional
    HVAC system which consumes 1.12kW/ton; Also, Significant reduction in air ducts
    required.

    3
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_cooler
    4
    http://www.oorja.in/what-is-radiant-cooling/structure-cooling/
     DISTRICT COOLING5: District cooling refers to the centralized production and
    distribution of cooling energy. Chilled water is delivered via an underground insulated
    pipeline to office, industrial and residential buildings to cool the indoor air of the
    buildings within a district. Specially designed units in each building then use this water
    to lower the temperature of air passing through the building's air conditioning system.
    The output of one cooling plant is enough to meet the cooling-energy demand of dozens
    of buildings. District cooling can be run on electricity or natural gas. District cooling
    systems can replace any type of air conditioning system, but primarily compete with air-
    cooled reciprocating chiller systems serving large buildings which consume large
    amounts of electricity.
     A typical DCS comprises the following components:
     Central Chiller Plant - generate chilled water for cooling purposes.
     Distribution Network - distribute chilled water to buildings
     User Station - interface with buildings' own air-conditioning circuits.

    5
    http://empower.ae/php/what-is-district-cooling.php?id=1
     RADIANT COOLING SYSTEM6: A radiant cooling system is a temperature-controlled
    surface that cools indoor temperatures by removing sensible heat and where more than
    half of heat transfer occurs through thermal radiation. Heat flows from objects,
    occupants, equipment and lights in a space to a cooled surface as long as their
    temperatures are warmer than that of the cooled surface and they are within the line
    of sight of the cooled surface. The process of radiant exchange has a negligible effect
    on air temperature, but through the process of convection, the air temperature will be
    lowered when air comes in contact with the cooled surface. Radiant cooling cools a floor
    or ceiling by absorbing the heat radiated from the rest of the room. Although potentially
    suitable for arid climates, radiant cooling is problematic for homes in more humid
    climates the panels must be maintained at a temperature very near the dew point
    within the house, and the house must be kept dehumidified. In humid climates, simply
    opening a door could allow enough humidity into the home to allow condensation to
    occur. Radiant ceiling/floor cooling takes advantage of the same principle using chilled
    water.

    6
    http://www.oorja.in/what-is-radiant-cooling/how-does-radiant-cooling-work/
     EARTH AIR HEAT EXCHANGER7: The temperature of earth at a depth of 1.5 to 2 m
    remains fairly constant throughout the year. This constant temperature is called earth’s
    undisturbed temperature (EUT). The EUT remains higher than ambient air temperature
    in winter and lower than ambient air temperature in summer. This can be utilized as per
    the season to capture hot and cool air to the space.

    7
    https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40517-015-0036-2

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