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The BSS (Base Station Subsystem) - The NSS (Network Switching Subsystem)

1. The first generation of mobile networks in the 1980s used analog transmission and different systems were deployed in different countries without roaming capabilities. 2. The second generation introduced digital technology and the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) standard. GSM included voice, data, and value added services like SMS and introduced packet data capabilities over time. 3. The third generation provided higher data rates and internet services through networks like UMTS that used Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) air interfaces.

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53 views

The BSS (Base Station Subsystem) - The NSS (Network Switching Subsystem)

1. The first generation of mobile networks in the 1980s used analog transmission and different systems were deployed in different countries without roaming capabilities. 2. The second generation introduced digital technology and the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) standard. GSM included voice, data, and value added services like SMS and introduced packet data capabilities over time. 3. The third generation provided higher data rates and internet services through networks like UMTS that used Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) air interfaces.

Uploaded by

kkm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.2.

1 The First-generation System (Analogue)


started in the 1980s ,based on analogue transmission techniques.
Nordic countries deployed Nordic Mobile Telephones or NMTs, while UK and Ireland went for Total Access
Communication System or TAGS, and so on. Roaming was not possible and efficient use of the frequency
spectrum was not there.

1.2.2 The Second-generation System (Digital)

the network based on digital technology; it was called the


Global System for Mobile Communication or GSM. Since the first networks appeared at
the beginning of 1991, GSM has gradually evolved to meet the requirements of data traffic
and many more services than the original networks.

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication): The main elements of this system are
1.the BSS (Base Station Subsystem)
BTS (Base Transreceiver Station) and BSC (Base Station Controllers); and
2. the NSS (Network Switching Subsystem),
the MSC (Mobile Switching Centre);
VLR (Visitor Location Register); HLR (Home Location Register); AC (Authentication
Centre), and EIR (Equipment Identity Register) .

This network is capable of providing all the basic


services such as speech and data services up to 9.6 kbps, fax, etc. This GSM network also
has an extension to the fixed telephony networks.

GSM and VAS (Value Added Services): the addition of two platforms, called Voice Mail System (VMS) and
the Short Message Service Centre (SMSC). The SMSC proved to be incredibly commercially successful,
so much so that in some networks the SMS traffic constitutes a major part of the total
traffic. Along with the VAS, IN (INtelligent services) also made its mark in the GSM
system, with its advantage of giving the operators the chance to create a whole range of
new services. Fraud management and 'pre-paid' services are the result of the IN service.

GSM and GPRS (General Packet Radio Services): new elements such as SGSN (Serving GPRS) and GGSN
(Gateway GPRS) were added to the existing GSM system. These elements made it
possible to send packet data on the air-interface. This part of the network handling the
packet data is also called the 'packet core network'. In addition to the SGSN and GGSN,
it also contains the IP routers, firewall servers and DNS (domain name servers). This
enables wireless access to the Internet and the bit rate reaching to 150 kbps in optimum
conditions.

GSM and EDGE (Enhanced Data rates in GSM Environment): With both voice and data
traffic moving on the system, the need was felt to increase the data rate. This was done by
using more sophisticated coding methods over the Internet and thus increasing the data
rate up to 384 kbps.

1.2.3 Third-generation Networks (WCDMA in UMTS)

In EDGE, high-volume movement of data was possible, but still the packet transfer on
the air-interface behaves like a circuit switch call. Thus part of this packet connection
efficiency is lost in the circuit switch environment.
Thus, 3G was born. In Europe it was called UMTS
(Universal Terrestrial Mobile System), which is ETSI-driven. IMT-2000 is the ITU-T name
for the third-generation system, while cdma2000 is the name of the American 3G variant.
WCDMA is the air-interface technology for the UMTS. The main components include BS
(base station) or node B, RNC (radio network controller) apart from WMSC (wideband CDMA mobile switching
centre) and SGSN/GGSN. This platform offers many Internetbasedservices, along with video phoning, imaging, etc.
1.2.4 Fourth-generation Networks (All-IP)
The fundamental reason for the transition to the All-IP is to have a common platform for all
the technologies that have been developed so far, and to harmonise with user expectations
of the many services to be provided. The fundamental difference between the GSM/3G and
All-IP is that the functionality of the RNC and BSC is now distributed to the BTS and a
set of servers and gateways. This means that this network will be less expensive and data
transfer will be much faster

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