SOFTWARE TRAINING REPORT

ON
MEAN STACK
for MAJOR PROJECT

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
Computer Science & Engineering

SUBMITTED BY:

Rajeshwar Ray (15113134)

May. 2019

MALOUT INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY, MALOUT
 Title page

Name of Student :- Rajeshwar Ray

PTU Roll No:- 15113134
Class Roll No:- 345
Address:-MIMIT Malout
Email:-rajeshwaray007@gmail.com,
Contact:-91159 59416
Branch:- CSE
Batch:-2015-19
Software Training In:- MEAN STACK
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.NO TITLE PAGE.NO
01 INTRODUCTION 01-03

02 ANGULAR JS 04-06

03 NODE JS 07-09

04 EXPRESS JS 10-12

05 MONGO DB 13-15

06 INSTALLATION OF NODE 16-18

 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION:-
MEAN is a free and open-source JavaScript software stack for building dynamic
websites and web applications or we can say that MEAN stack is a collection of
JavaScript-based technologies used to develop web applications. MEAN is an
acronym for MongoDB, ExpressJS, AngularJS, and Node.js. From client to server
to database, MEAN is full stack JavaScript.

 M = MongoDB, a popular database manager which implements a NoSQL

structure.
 E = Express.js, a framework which supports and is used to host Node.js
projects.
 A = Angular.js, yet another framework for building apps. It builds upon the
classic html framework style and extends it to web apps
 N = Node.js, the crowning glory. This is a runtime environment, which runs
server-side web applications, i.e. it works on the back-end, away from the
user’s eyes to fetch relevant data or perform operations on the same.

MongoDB offers a more flexible, accommodating layer for storing data. Node.js
provides a better nexus for running your server, while Express.js helps standardize
how you build your websites.

On the client, AngularJS provides a clean way of adding interactive functions and
AJAX-driven rich components. Put them all together and they make a clean,
coherent mechanism for moving data from user to disk farm and back again.
Features of MEAN Stack
 One of the most important benefits of all is that it lets the developer write
the entire code in JavaScript; from client to server.
 This is like a blessing for the JavaScript developers who have invested
their time and money in learning JavaScript for the client-side tasks.
 It supports the MVC (Model View Controller) architecture.
 The MEAN components are open source; which MEANs the stack gets
updated regularly. In addition to it, it is easy and flexible to understand and
use which helps the developers to customize as per your needs.
 Other advantages are the huge module library of node.js and the use
of JSON is to transfer the data.
 Not a just startup, big players also move to Node.js: Wal-Mart,
PayPal, Yahoo, Netflix, Uber, LinkedIn.

Architecture of MEAN Stack

MEAN is a free and open-source JavaScript software stack for building dynamic
websites and web applications. MEAN is very simple and easy to use for both
back end and front end in other technologies there are different languages used for
front and back end but in written in one language for both server-side and client-
side execution. Working of MEAN Stack is explained below in the figure properly.
 Fig.1 MEAN Stack Architecture

MEAN Stack Architecture Explanation

1. When client makes any request it is firstly processed by the AngularJS.
AngularJS is a client side language in JavaScript.
2. After that the Request enters in phase 2 which is NodeJS. NodeJS is a server
side language in JavaScript.
3. After that Request enter in the phase 3 which is ExpressJs it make request
to the database.
4. After that MongoDB retrieve the data and return the response to the
ExpressJs.
5. Then ExpressJs return response to the NodeJS and then NodeJS return it to
the AngularJS to display the result.
 CHAPTER-2

AngularJS (client Side)

AngularJS is a structural framework for dynamic web apps. It lets you use HTML
as your template language and lets you extend HTML’s syntax to express your
application’s components clearly and succinctly. AngularJS data binding and
dependency injection eliminates much of the code you currently have to write. And
it all happens within the browser, making it an ideal partner with any server
technology.

1. AngularJS is a powerful JavaScript based development framework

to create RICH Internet Application (RIA).
2. AngularJS provides developers options to write a client side application
(using JavaScript) in a clean MVC (Model View Controller)
3. AngularJS is in open source, completely free, and used by thousands
of developers around the It is licensed under the Apache License
version 2.0.

Fig:-AngularJS Architecture
1) Model

 It is the lowest level of the pattern responsible for maintaining data.

 The model is responsible for managing application data. It responds to
the request from view and to the instructions from the controller to update
itself.

2) View

 It is responsible for displaying all or a portion of the data to the user.

 A presentation of data in a particular format, triggered by the controller’s
decision to present the data. They are script-based template systems such as
JSP, ASP, PHP and very easy to integrate with AJAX technology.

3) Controller

 It is a software Code that controls the interactions between the Model

and View.
 The controller responds to user input and performs interactions on the
data model objects. The controller receives input, validates it, and then
performs business operations that modify the state of the data model.
 CHAPTER-3

NodeJS (Server Side)

Node.js is a server-side platform built on Chrome’s JavaScript runtime for easily
building fast and scalable network applications. Node.js uses an event-driven, non-
blocking I/O model that makes it lightweight and efficient, perfect for data-
intensive real-time applications that run across distributed devices.

1) Asynchronous and Event Driven

 All APIs of Node.js library are asynchronous, that is, non-blocking. It

essentially MEANs a Node.js based server never waits for an API to
return data. The server moves to the next API after calling it and a
notification mechanism of Events of Node.js helps the server to get a
response from the previous API call

2) Very Fast
 Being built on Google Chrome’s V8 JavaScript Engine, Node.js library is
very fast in code execution.

3) Single Threaded but Highly Scalable

 Node.js uses a single threaded model with event looping. Event

mechanism helps the server to respond in a non-blocking way and makes
the server highly scalable as opposed to traditional servers which create
limited threads to handle requests. Node.js uses a single threaded
program and the same program can provide service to a much larger
number of requests than traditional servers like Apache HTTP Server.
4) No Buffering
 Node.js uses a single threaded model with event looping. Event
mechanism helps the server to respond in a non-blocking way and makes
the server highly scalable as opposed to traditional servers which create
limited threads to handle requests. Node.js uses a single threaded
program and the same program can provide service to a much larger
number of requests than traditional servers like Apache HTTP Server.

Threading

Node.js operates on a single thread, using non-blocking I/O calls, allowing it to

support tens of thousands of concurrent connections without incurring the cost of
thread context switching. The design of sharing a single thread between all the
requests that use the observer pattern is intended for building highly concurrent
applications, where any function performing I/O must use a callback. In order to
accommodate the single-threaded event loop, Node.js utilizes the libuv library that
in turn uses a fixed-sized thread pool that is responsible for some of the non-
blocking asynchronous I/O operations.
Fig-NodeJS Single Tread Architecture

Architecture Description

 Here “n” number of Clients Send request to Web Server. Let us assume they
are accessing our Web Application concurrently.
 Let us assume, our Clients Are Client-1, Client-2… and Client-n.

 Web Server internally maintains a Limited Thread pool. Let us assume “m”
number of Threads in Thread pool.
 Web Server receives those requests one by one.
o Web Server pickup Client-1 Request-1, Pickup one Thread T-1 from Thread
pool and assign this request to Thread T-1
  Thread T-1 reads Client-1 Request-1 and process it
 Client-1 Request-1 does not require any Blocking IO Operations
 Thread T-1 does necessary steps and prepares Response-1 and send it
back to the Server
 Web Server in-turn send this Response-1 to the Client-1

o Web Server pickup another Client-2 Request-2, Pickup one Thread T-2 from
Thread pool and assign this request to Thread T-2
 Thread T-2 reads Client-1 Request-2 and process it
 Client-1 Request-2 does not require any Blocking IO Operations
 Thread T-2 does necessary steps and prepares Response-2 and send it
back to the Server
 Web Server in-turn send this Response-2 to the Client-2
o Web Server pickups another Client-n Request-n, Pickup one Thread T-n
from Thread pool and assign this request to Thread T-n
 Thread T-n reads Client-n Request-n and process it
 Client-n Request-n require heavy Blocking IO and computation
Operations
 Thread T-n takes more time to interact with external systems, does
necessary steps and prepares Response-n and send it back to the
Server
 Web Server in-turn send this Response-n to the Client-n

If “n” is greater than “m” (Most of the times, its true), then server assigns Threads
to Client Requests up to available Threads. After all m Threads are utilized, then
remaining Client’s Request should wait in the Queue until some of the busy
Threads finish their Request-Processing Job and free to pick up next Request. If
those threads are busy with Blocking IO Tasks (For example, interacting with
Database, file system, JMS Queue, external services etc.) for a longer time, then
remaining clients should wait a longer time.
 Once Threads are free in Thread Pool and available for next tasks, Server
pickup those threads and assign them to remaining Client Requests.
 Each Thread utilizes many resources like memory etc. So before going those
Threads from the busy state to waiting for state, they should release all
acquired resources.
 CHAPTER-4

ExpressJs
Express provides a minimal interface for us to build our applications. It is
minimal, providing us the absolutely required tools to build our app and flexible,
there are numerous modules available on npm for express, which can be directly
plugged into express.

Unlike its competitors like Rails and Django, which have an opinionated way of
building applications, express has no “best way” do something. It is very
flexible and pluggable.

Fig: Architecture of ExpressJS

Architecture Description

When the user sends a request to through AngularJS then that request is firstly
accessed by the NodeJS threading is done in the NodeJS and then it is sent to the
ExpressJS to Create, Read, Update and Delete the API for the Request. ExpressJs
host the website for the NodeJS. Both NodeJS and ExpressJS are server side
languages. After CURD the API data is retrieved from the MongoDB ad then send
it to the User.

 Create (POST) – Make something

 Read (GET)_- Get something
 Update (PUT) – Change something
 Delete (DELETE)- Remove something
 CHAPTER-5

MongoDB

MongoDB (from humongous) is a free and open-source, cross-platform document-

oriented database program. Classified as a NoSQL database program, MongoDB
uses JSON-like documents with schemas. MongoDB is the database for today’s
applications, enabling you to:

 Leverage data and technology to maximize competitive advantage

 Reduce risk for mission-critical deployments
 Accelerate time-to-value
 Dramatically lower total cost of ownership

We can build applications using MongoDB database without using traditional

database relations(MYSQL). MongoDB features are below.

1) Fast, Iterative Development

 A flexible data model coupled with dynamic schema and idiomatic

drivers make it fast for developers to build and evolve applications.

2) Flexible Data Model.

 MongoDB’s document data model makes it easy for you to store and
combine data of any structure, without giving up sophisticated
validation rules, data access and rich indexing functionality.
3) Multi-Datacenter Scalability

 As your deployments grow in terms of data volume and throughput,

MongoDB scales easily with no downtime, and without changing
your application.

4) Integrated Feature Set

 Analytics and data visualization, text search, graph processing,

geospatial, in-memory performance and global replication allow you to
deliver a wide variety of real-time applications on one technology,
reliably and securely.

5) Lower TCO

 Application development teams are more productive when they use

MongoDB. Single click management MEANs operations teams are
as well. MongoDB runs on commodity hardware, dramatically
lowering costs.

Fig: MongoDB Architecture

Architecture Description
1) Expressive query language & secondary Indexes.
 Users should be able to access and manipulate their data in sophisticated
ways to support both operational and analytical applications. Indexes
play a critical role in providing efficient access to data, supported
natively by the database rather than maintained in application code.

2) Strong consistency.
 Applications should be able to immediately read what has been written
to the database. It is much more complex to build applications around an
eventually consistent model, imposing significant work on the developer,
even for the most sophisticated engineering teams.

3) Enterprise Management and Integrations.

 Databases are just one piece of application infrastructure and need to fit
seamlessly into the enterprise IT stack. Organizations need a database
that can be secured, monitored, automated, and integrated with their
existing technology infrastructure, processes and staff, including
operations teams, DBAs, and data analysts.

However, modern applications impose requirements not addressed by relational

databases, and this has driven the development of NoSQL (non SQL”, “non-
relational” or “not only SQL) databases which offer:

4) Flexible Data Model.

 NoSQL databases emerged to address the requirements for the data we
see dominating modern applications. Whether document, graph, key-
 value, or wide-column, all of them offer a flexible data model, making
it easy to store and combine data of any structure and allow dynamic
modification of the schema without downtime or performance impact.

5) Scalability and Performance.

 NoSQL databases were all built with a focus on scalability, so they all
include some form of shading or partitioning. This allows the database
to scale out on commodity hardware deployed on-premises or in the
cloud, enabling almost unlimited growth with higher throughput and
lower latency than relational databases.

6) Always-On Global Deployments.

 NoSQL databases are designed for highly available systems that provide a
consistent, high-quality experience for users all over the world. They are
designed to run across many nodes, including
 replication to automatically synchronize data across servers, racks,
and data centers.

Features of MongoDB
 In MongoDB, data represents in a collection of JSON documents.
 MongoDB’s querying is object-oriented, which MEANs you can pass
MongoDB a document explaining what you are querying. MongoDB
doesn’t support joints, it supports multi-dimensional data types like other
documents and arrays.
 MongoDB, you will only have one array of comments and one
collection of posts within a post
 One of the best things about MongoDB is that you are not responsible
for defining the schema
 CHAPTER-6
INSTALLATION OF SOFTWARE:-
1. Setting Environment for node.Js
2. Setting Environment for MongoDb
3. Setting Environment for robo -3t
4. Setting Environment for visual basic code

Node JS Base Environment Setup on Windows

1. Access Node JS Official Website https://nodejs.org/en/

Here we can find “INSTALL” button. If we want to download latest stable

version, we can click on this button.
If we want to select Node JS Platform based on our Hardware and Software
requirements like Windows 32bit or 64bit OS, please click on “Downloads”
button and select your required Node JS version to download.
2 .Please click on “INSTALL” button to download latest Node JS Platform
Version 0.12.0, this is the latest version as of writing this post.
3. Please double click on “node-v0.12.0-x64.msi” file to start Installation process

Click on “Next” Button. Accept License Agreement and Click on “Next” Button
4. Choose your required location to install

5. Choose Default values and click on “Install” Button

6. Open Node JS Platform Home in your Explorer

7. Open Command prompt at NODSJS_HOME or anywhere like D:\

8. Run “node.exe” command

9. Check Node JS Version: Use the following command to know your Node JS
Version from Command prompt.
10.Exit from Node CLI: We can use “process.exit()” command to exit from Node
CLI.