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    Characteristics of Stars

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    Justine Kyle
    This document provides information about the key characteristics of stars, including their mass, size, temperature, color, and luminosity. It explains that stars can be classified and plotted on a chart called the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram according to these characteristics. The document also discusses how stars generate energy through nuclear fusion, and how their surface temperature determines their color, from hottest (blue) to coolest (red).

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    Characteristics of Stars

    Uploaded by

    Justine Kyle
    196 views3 pages
    This document provides information about the key characteristics of stars, including their mass, size, temperature, color, and luminosity. It explains that stars can be classified and plotted on a chart called the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram according to these characteristics. The document also discusses how stars generate energy through nuclear fusion, and how their surface temperature determines their color, from hottest (blue) to coolest (red).

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    This is a test reviewer in Science about Stars

    Original Title

    Stars

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    This document provides information about the key characteristics of stars, including their mass, size, temperature, color, and luminosity. It explains that stars can be classified and plotted on a chart called the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram according to these characteristics. The document also discusses how stars generate energy through nuclear fusion, and how their surface temperature determines their color, from hottest (blue) to coolest (red).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    196 views3 pages

    Characteristics of Stars

    Uploaded by

    Justine Kyle
    This document provides information about the key characteristics of stars, including their mass, size, temperature, color, and luminosity. It explains that stars can be classified and plotted on a chart called the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram according to these characteristics. The document also discusses how stars generate energy through nuclear fusion, and how their surface temperature determines their color, from hottest (blue) to coolest (red).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Science 9: Stars

    Characteristics of Stars:
     Mass
     Size
     Temperature
     Color
     Luminosity
    Stars can be plotted using these characteristics on a chart or HR diagram.
    Stars Mass and Composition:
    Mass and Composition determine most of the properties of a star.
    The more massive the star is, the greater the gravity the hotter and denser a star
    must be.
    Star Size:
    The diameters of stars range from as little as 1/10 the sun’s diameter to hundreds of
    times larger.
    The mass of stars can be from less than 1/100 to 20 or more times that of our sun.
    Stars over 50 times the sun’s mass is extremely rare.
    Our sun is a medium-sized star.

    Star Energy:
    The enormous pressure and heat in a star’s core converts matter into energy.
    Stars consist of controlled atomic reactions called nuclear fusion in which hydrogen
    (nuclei) atoms fuse to form helium (nuclei) atoms.
    During each step of the process, mass is lost and energy is released.
    The energy released causes the star (sun) to shine and give the star its high
    temperature.
    Star Stability – the energy from fusion stabilizes a star by producing the outward
    pressure needed to counteract the inward force of gravity.
    FUSION > GRAVITY = EXPANSION
    FUSION < GRAVITY = CONTRACTION
    FUSION = GRAVITY = STABLE
    Note: Stable Stars are plotted on the HR diagram.
    Stars Temperature:
    Stars in the sky show tinges of different colors which reveal the stars’ temperatures.
    Blue Stars – hottest temperature
    Red Stars – coolest temperature
    Our sun is a yellow star having a surface temperature of about 5,500 °C.
    Star Spectral Classification:
    Astronomers place stars in spectral (color) class categories based on their surface
    temperature.
    The Spectral Class Letters are: OBAFGKM
    OH BE A FINE GIRL KISS ME
    Star colors from hottest to coolest:
    O - Blue
    B - Blue-white
    A - White
    F - Yellow White
    G - Yellow
    K - Orange
    M – Red
    CLASSIFICATION OF STARS:
    Color Surface Temp. Examples Spectral Class
    Blue 30,0000 up 10 Lacertae O
    Blue – White 10,000 – 30,000 Rigel, Spica B
    White 7,500 – 10,000 Vegas, Sirius A
    Yellow – White 6,000 – 7,000 Canopus, Procyon F
    Yellow 5,000 – 6,000 Sun, Capella G
    Orange 3,500 – 5,000 Arcturus, Aldebaran K
    Red 3500 down Betelegeuse, Antares M

    Star Luminosity / Brightness:


    The energy output from the surface of a star per second are measured in watts.
    The brightness of a star depends upon the distance and its luminosity.
    Stop and Think!
    The star Rigel in Orion is about 60,000 times larger than our sun (distance)
    Apparent Magnitude
    The brightness of a star as it appears from Earth with the naked eye.
    Magnitude numbers are bigger for faint stars,
    Magnitude are negative for very bright stars.
    Absolute Magnitude
    The true brightness of a star if all stars were at a uniform distance from earth.
    The absolute magnitude of stars is reported in comparison to our sun.
    Ex. AM of Sun = 1
    Less than AM < 1: Brighter than Sun
    Greater than AM >1: Less bright than Sun
    Apparent and Absolute Magnitudes for the Ten Brightest Stars in the Night Sky
    The larger the negative magnitude a star has = brighter.
    Larger positive magnitude = fainter the star.
    Star Apparent M. Absolute M.
    Sirius -1.44 1.45
    Canopus -0.62 -5.53
    Arcturus -0.05 -0.31
    Rigel Kent -0.01 4.34
    Vega 0.03 0.58
    Capella 0.08 -0.48
    Rigel 0.18 -6.69
    Procyon 0.40 2.68
    Betelgeuse 0.45 -5.14
    Achernar 0.45 -2.77

    The Hertzsprung – Russel Diagram


    An H-R Diagram plots stars accoding to their luminosity and temperature (or spectral
    class)
    90% of stars occur along the main sequence.
    Middle ages stable stars.
    Main sequence runs from upper left to lower right.
    Upper left stars are large, hot, luminous. Example: Blue Giants
    Lower right stars are are small, cool, dim. Example: Red Dwards
    Stars Mass
    Position on H-R depends on mass.
    The larger the amount of mass in a star, the more luminous it is.
    Giants: more mass, more luminous
    Dwarfs: less mass, less luminous
    During its lifetime, a star will evolve on the H-R diagram depending on its mass.

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