PRESENT GLOBAL SCENARIO & CHALLENGES IN HIGHER

EDUCATION
Dr. Subhash. P.Jadhao
Professor & Head Department of Commerce
R.A.Arts, Shree.M.K.Commerce & Shree. S.R.Rathi.Science College,Washim.

ABSTRACT greatly enhanced the country‟s innovation

Education is a systematic process through capability and entrepreneurial ambition,
which a child or an adult acquiresknowledge, positioning it amongst the most attractive R&D
experience, skill and sound attitude. It makes hubs for dozens of multinationals. Secondly, the
an individual civilized, refined, cultured and learnercentered paradigm has helped India‟s
educated. For a civilized and socialized thriving human resource base to keep pace with
society, education is the only means. Its goal is the changing needs of their work environments.
to make an individual perfect. Every society Over the years, with evolution of the „knowledge
gives importance to education because it is a economy‟, learning and work have become
panacea for all evils. It is the key to solve the inseparable, making constant on-the-job learning
various problems of life. Education hasbeen and up-gradation indispensable.
described as a process of waking up to life
also. By the definitions given above we can The Context of Higher Education
conclude that education is very important for Quality in Higher Education has become a primary
the human development. In this research agenda of the countries worldwide. In the context
paper we studied about the Present Scenario marked by expansion of higher education and
of Higher Education in India globalization of economic activities, education has
become a national concern in developing countries
Introduction with an international dimension. To cope with this
In the learner-centered paradigm of education, changing context, developing countries have been
students are encouraged to take greater pressurized to ensure and assure quality of higher
responsibility for their learning outcomes. The education at a nationally comparableand
professor ceases to be the fount of knowledge internationally acceptable standard. Consequently,
filling the empty receptacles of students‟ minds; many developing countries such as India, China are
instead, students actively participate in the initiated national quality assurance mechanisms and
discovery of knowledge. They are encouraged to many more in the process of evolving a suitable
be reflexive and thoughtful learners, learning strategy. But it’s not going to be easy where there are
from themselves, their peers and their immediate resource constraints.
environment just as much as they would from
their professors. Accordingly, the teaching- Challenges before Higher education in India
learning methodology involves less lecturing and The Indian higher education system is facing an
rote note-taking and more hands-on activities to unprecedented transformation in the coming
allow for experiential and interactive learning. decade. This transformation is being driven by
Over the years, such economic and demographic change: by 2020,
emphasis on learning has impacted students and India will be the world‟s third largest economy,
learning outcomes in ways that have far-reaching with a correspondingly rapid growth in the size
impact for Indian economy and society. Firstly, of its middle classes. Currently, over 50% of
by stoking students‟ innate curiosity and India‟s population is under 25 years old; by 2020
encouraging them to learn in self-directed ways, India will outpace China as the country with the
it has enabled Indian graduates to be largest tertiary-age population.
independent, critical thinkers. As a result, it has

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 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR)
Despite significant progress over constant tension with each other at different
the last ten years, Indian higher education is levels. Universities, to the extent that they enjoy
faced with four broad challenges: autonomy to develop their own plans and
 The supply-demand gap: India has a programs, must make hard choices in setting
low rate of enrolment in higher priorities and allocating resources. Research
education, at only 18%, compared with universities are at the pinnacle of the academic
26% in China and 36% in Brazil. There system and directly involved in the global
is enormous unmet demand for higher knowledge network. They require major
education. By 2020, the Indian expenditures to build and are expensive to
government aims to achieve 30% gross sustain. Their facilities – including laboratories,
enrolment, which will mean providing 40 libraries and information and technology
million university places, an increase of infrastructures - must be maintained to the
14 million in six years. highest international standards.
 The low quality of teaching and Research production in
learning experience: The system is beset key areas - such as information technology and
by issues of quality in many of its the life sciences - has become extremely
institutions: a chronic shortage of faculty, important to national development agendas and
poor quality teaching, out dated and rigid for the prestige of individual institutions.
curricula and pedagogy, lack of Government support to university-based
accountability and quality assurance and research has increased in recent years to order to
separation of research and teaching. encourage research in such fields as
 Constraints on research capacity biotechnology and
and innovation: With a very low level of information science.
PhD enrolment, India does not have
enough high quality researchers; there Education and Training industry in India
are few opportunities for  With approximately 28.1 per cent of India’s
interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary population in the age group of 0-14 years, as of
working, lack of early stage research 2015, educational industry in India provides great
experience; a weak ecosystem for growth opportunity.
innovation, and low levels of industry  The country has more than 1.5 million schools
engagement. with over 260 million students enrolled.
 Uneven growth and access to  In 2015, with 34.2 million students enrolled in
opportunity: Socially, India remains approximately 48,116 colleges & institutions for
highly divided; access to higher pursuing higher education. India’s higher
education is uneven with education segment is the largest in the world.
multidimensional inequalities in  Government target of Gross Enrolment Ratio
enrolment across population groups and (GER) of 30 per cent for higher education by 2020
geographies. to drive investments.
 The education industry in India is estimated to
Research Scenario in Higher Education reach US$ 144 billion by 2020 from US$ 97
The three missions of the modern university - billion in 2016
teaching, research and public service - live in

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 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR)

The education sector in India is poised to witness profit or quasi for-profit, represent the fastest-
major growth in the years to come as India will growing sector worldwide.
have world’s largest tertiary-age population and Countries with over 70% private
second largest graduate talent pipeline globally enrolment include Indonesia, Japan, the
by the end of 2020. The education market in Philippines and the Republic of Korea. The
India is currently valued at US$ 100 billion and private sector now educates more than half the
is expected to nearly double to US$ 180 billion student population in such countries as Mexico,
by 2020.* Currently, the school segment is Brazil, and Chile. Private universities are rapidly
valued at US$ 52 billion and contributes 52 per expanding in Central and Eastern Europe and in
cent to the education market in India, higher the countries of the former Soviet Union, as well
education contributes 15 per cent of the market as in Africa. China and India have significant
size, text-book, e-learning and allied services private sectors as well. The private sector is
contribute 28 per cent and vocational education growing and garnering more attention in Africa.
in manufacturing and services contributes 5 per Conclusion
cent. Higher education system in India has For India to become economically, politically,
undergone rapid expansion. Currently, India’s and socially developed, education is critical. As
higher education system is the largest in the a result the government must assume the
world enrolling over 70 million students while in responsibility for providing and financing
less than two decades, India has managed to education, especially basic education. Today,
create additional capacity for over 40 million India already produces some of the most talented
students. It witnesses spending of over Rs 46,200 and intelligent students and workers, but
crore (US$ 6.93 billion). questions related to quality, access,and equity
Diversified Education System still challenge educational planners. In
Mass enrolment created the need for diversified corroboration, a recent study titled
systems - hierarchies of institutions serving Effective Education for Employment
different needs and constituencies. In future the (EEE) by Edexcel stated that there is a huge
private sector will be an important aspect of mismatch between what is being taught in
diversification. It will continue to expand in schools, colleges and universities and the
many nations, because public institutions will knowledge, skills and behavior businesses and
not keep up with student demand. For instance, organizations are looking for, in new recruits.
India, Pakistan, Malaysia have many such Even students felt that their education lacked
institutions at higher education. Some private relevance to the jobs they were hoping to apply
institutions might emerge as semi elite or elite for in the future which reinforces the missing
research universities, but care must be taken to element "linking education to careers".
ensure that private, especially for-profit, The role of higher education as a
institutions maintain standards and serve society. public good continues to be fundamentally
"New technologies and new providers have only important and must be supported. The multiple
just begun to diversify opportunities and this and diverse responsibilities of higher education
trend will certainly continue in the coming are ultimately key to the well-being of modern
decades. society, but this expanded role adds considerable
PRIVATISATION OF HIGHER complexity and many new challenges.The higher
EDUCATION:- education enterprise should provide strong,
The growth of private higher education vibrant postsecondary institutions to support the
worldwide has been one of the most remarkable knowledge economy as well as to provide the
developments of the past several decades. Today knowledge necessary for the social mobility and
some 30% of global higher education enrolment economic progress essential to societies across
is private. While private higher education has the globe.
existed in many countries - and has traditionally
been the dominant force in such East Asia References
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