IDENTIFICATION OF MOLLUSCS IN THE SEVENTEEN

COASTAL BARANGAY OF CALATAGAN, BATANGAS

Vidal, Rose Ann Z.; Villasin, Venus S.; Zamora, James S.
Batangas State University-ARASOF Nasugbu Batangas, Philippines
Mail: Roseannvidal08@gmail.com; Venusvillasin875@gmail.com; Zamorajames59@gmail.com
The rationale of this study is to identified the commonly type of molluscs that can found in the
specific coastal barangay and their uses. Molluscs have been important to humans for thousands of
years they have been, and still are, used as food, tools, decorations, currency, musical instruments and
more. A study relative to molluscs may help the Molluscs farmers who are dependent on marine
resources to be open-minded with regard to the present economic status of Molluscs. It may also help
in sustaining their livelihood, in terms of the use of new and effective marketing, and culturing
strategies. A study of this nature may likewise help raise awareness on the controlled use of this
amazing sea creature.
The objective of identifying the commonly found molluscs in their coastal area is to make
people able to know if this species is available in their area. Also to found out if the behavior of the
people can cause threats on the molluscs population and to have knowledge on taking care of their
responsible coastal areas. The other one is to identify if this species can be source of income and to
know on what help can we suggest in molluscs gatherers on what they need in order to improve the
uses of they gathered molluscs. The last objectives is on Aquatic Resources Management Framework
to help in scaling up the production initiative for molluscs and also to helping people by giving them
knowledge on how to manage properly their coastal area to protect the population of molluscs.
This study aimed to identify the distribution of Molluscs of Calatagan, Batangas in order to
come up with a proposed aquatic resources management framework. Likewise, it specifically aimed to
identify the common species of Molluscs found in the coastal areas of Calatagan, Batangas; the
identified threats beset by Molluscs population, the marketing strategies employed by the Molluscs
gatherers; and the aquatic resources management framework may be proposed in order to scale up the
production initiative for Molluscs. The descriptive method of research was utilized with the survey
questionnaire as the data gathering instrument two hundred forty-one molluscs gatherers of Calatagan,
Batangas were being surveyed through survey questionnaire and interviewed that is being done in a
span of five days this study was limited to the responses and the data gathered from the respondents.
In Calatagan, Batangas the species name Turbans, Cone shell and Tops was the mostly found
species in terms of univalve and in terms of bivalve Oyster and Giant Clams was the dominance. The
threats beset in their area were over collection in terms of human activities and weather got the highest
rank in terms of natural phenomena. They use gathering molluscs as substitute on their source of
income so we proposed some aquatic management framework on how they will scale up the production
and on how they conserve the molluscs population that has in their coastal area.
In terms of molluscs species found in the coastal areas of Calatagan, Batangas, in univalve
classification the Turbans, Cone shell and Tops are most found and in the bivalve classification, Oyster
and Giant Clams had been dominance. According to the data gathered, most of the respondents selected
the threats over collection in terms of human activities and in terms of natural phenomena and the
weather affects the molluscs species. Based on the findings, most of the respondents derivable the
molluscs for their own benefits most of them is eaten by them also most of them prefer the producer to
retailer to consumer mode as their marketing channel but none of them opted for the producer to agent
to wholesaler to retailer to consumer mode. The Aquatic Resources Management Framework was
proposed to conserve the species found, to avoid threats and marketing strategies that are employed by
the molluscs gatherers in Calatagan, Batangas which can help to the scale up the production initiative
for molluscs.

KEYWORDS
Molluscs, Univalve, Bivalve, Marketing Strategy, Threats
1. INTRODUCTION distributed in marine which is around 1000
species, land which is around 110 species and
Molluscs belong to an extremely freshwater which is around 40 species the Gulf of
abundant and diverse group. Majority of them Mannar, including the Coromandel Coast, and
live in all levels starting from the intertidal zone Lakshadweep have 428 and 424 species,
down to the abyssal depths. Marine waters are respectively. Gulf of Kutch or the Gujarat coast
home to bivalves. and the Orissa coast account for 350 and 337
The biggest group in the species, respectively. The diversity in these areas
phylum Mollusca, gastropods include more than is mainly due to preponderance of marine
65,000 animal species under the class Molluscs. As far as land Molluscs are concerned
Gastropoda. Snails, which are protected by shells diversity is concentrated in the North eastern
from which the animal can literally withdraw, India and Western Ghats (Indpaedia.com
and the slugs-snails the shells of which have been Website, 2015).
downgraded to an internal fragment or totally The diversity of molluscs in Mindanao
lost in the process of evolution also belong to Island, south of the Philippines is noticeably
class Gastropoda. Just like the plight of other scarce. The spatial structure and diversity of
marine species, there are threats to their survival Molluscs in the shorelines of Padada, Davao del
such as habitat destruction or alteration, Sur along the coastline area create a transect with
exploitation, introduced species, pollution, and an interval of 50 meters at the least. Ten transects
over collecting. Molluscs are also turned into were perpendicularly installed along the
food and accessories to many people living shoreline. Each transect was comprised of 10
adjacent the coastal area but still, many of the plots with a measurement of 1 meter by 1 meter.
threats to them are caused by people who benefit Lake Taal, which is situated at around
from such awesome creations. 60 kilometers south of Manila, Philippines, is a
Globally, Europe was the one of the distinct environment owing to its geographical
biggest country that has a big number of and geological features. The molluscan fauna has
molluscs populations. There‟s about about always been regarded as a significant feature of
44 percent or 373 species of freshwater the lake. In terms of ecology, these animals are
Molluscs and 20 percent or 246 species of perhaps the leading benthic invertebrate group.
the selected terrestrial molluscs are threatened, In terms of economy, they are significant as
while at the European Union 27 level in 2011, a some species are harvested for human and animal
slightly higher percentage is observed consumption.
with 50 percent or 273 species of freshwater
Molluscs and 21 percent or 235 species of the 2. OBJECTIVES
selected terrestrial Molluscs are being threatened.
A further nine percent of freshwater and The objective of identifying the
15 percent of the selected terrestrial molluscs are commonly found molluscs in their coastal area is
considered nearly threatened at the European to make people able to know if this species is
level. Europe is the biggest country that has a big available in their area. Also to found out if the
number of populations of molluscs worldwide. behavior of the people can cause threats on the
There is a lack of good population trend molluscs population and to have knowledge on
data and a vast majority of the assessed non- taking care of their responsible coastal areas. The
marine Molluscs species have unknown other one is to identify if this species can be
population trends or 83 percent for the freshwater source of income and to know on what help can
Molluscs and more than half – 53 percent – for we suggest in molluscs gatherers on what they
the terrestrial Molluscs, whilst in both cases, less need in order to improve the uses of they
than one percent of species are seen to be gathered molluscs. The last objectives is on
increasing (Biodiversity.europa.eu Website, Aquatic Resources Management Framework to
2010). help in scaling up the production initiative for
India is one of the 11 countries that molluscs and also to helping people by giving
belong to Asia, and there is an island there that is them knowledge on how to manage properly
rich in diversity Molluscs population. Andaman their coastal area to protect the population of
and Nicobar Islands have a rich molluscan molluscs.
diversity, which include about 1150 species
3. LITERATURES REVIEW Calatagan is politically subdivided into
twenty five (25) barangays. These are the
3.1 Conceptual Literature following barangays: Poblacion 1, Poblacion 2,
Poblacion 3, Poblacion 4, Bagong Silang, Baha,
Molluscs. Clams, snails, and the squid- Balibago, Balitoc, Biga, Bucal, Carlosa,
octopus group belong to a large category or Carretunan , Encarnation, Gulod, Hukay,
phylum of animals called Molluscs. Their name Lucsuhin, Luya, Paraiso, Quilitisan, Real,
means “soft-bodied,” but that only means there Sambungan, Santa Ana, Talibayog, Talisay,
are no bones and their meat they have a thick, Tanagan.
muscular body with lots of complex organ inside; The interface between the land and
a nervous system with a brain or some-times water are called coastal areas. These zones are
threel and some sense organs four smell and important because a majority of the world‟s
often for sight or eyes; a complete digestive population inhabit such zones. Coastal zones are
system with many organs; and systems for continually changing because of the dynamic
circulation like the arteries, veins, and one or interaction between the oceans and the land.
more hearts, for excretion like kidneys, and for Waves and wind along the cost are both eroding
respiration like gills for breathing or on land. rock and depositing sediment on a continuous
Seashells belong to the Phylum basis, and rates of erosion and deposition vary
Mollusca, one of the most diverse groups of considerable from day to day along such zones.
animals, second only to the arthropods. Estimates The energy reaching the coast can become high
on the number of the living species vary from a during storms, and such high energies make
very conservative count of known species, 52, coastal zones areas of high vulnerability to
and 525. Seashells are the calcareous exoskeleton natural hazards. Thus, an understanding of the
produced by marine Molluscs. Although not all interaction of the oceans and the land is essential
Molluscs have a shell, and other organisms in understanding the hazard associated with
produce a molluscan-large shell such as coastal zones. Tides, currents, and waves bring
foraminifera, polychaetes, barnacles, energy to the coast.
brachiopods. Marketing Strategies. There are
Coastal Areas of Calatagan, numerous strategy gurus, each with a favorite
Batangas. The Municipality of Calatagan lies in approach to framing business and marketing
the southwestern most part of the Province of situation. Look at the most popular frameworks.
Batangas, in a peninsula approximately one Marketers take more responsibility for increasing
hundred ten (110) kilometers south of the City of sales revenues and tend to pass much of the
Manila. It is bounded on the north by the responsibility for decreasing cost to the
municipalities of Lian and Balayan, on the south operational side of the business. So it will come
by the Verde Island Passage, on the east by as no surprise that these strategic perspectives
Pagapas and Balayan Bays and on the west by follow suit, emphasizing increased sales more
West Philippine Sea. The Municipality is located than decreased costs.
at coordinates 13 degree 50 hour latitude and 120 The first positioning strategy to be used
degree 38 hour longitude. The seat of the is selecting the right target market. A target
municipal government of the town of Calatagan market is determined by recognizing that
is exactly 125 kilometers by road from the different groups or segments of the market have
Capital City of Manila. It is 70 kilometers from different needs and wants. Whether person
Batangas City, which is the seat of the provincial categorize the segment by age, gender, location,
government. The western shoreline of the occupation or income level, the principle remains
Municipality is bounded by reef and relatively the same. No matter how the segment of market,
shallow water, where low fish corrals are set up. a result must come out of the analysis. The
The entrance at Sitio Balong Bato has to go person must be able to bring together people who
through the barrier of reefs. On eastern side, the share a common interest and perspective of a
entrance is through Balabatican and Punta product, and have a common need the product
Buaya. The extreme southern part of the would fill. After doing so, people need to decide
peninsula is similar to most promontories which segments of a market are going the target.
bordering the sea and it is called Cape Santiago. May be all or half. However, people must make
sure to choose the most suitable segments for the
product, to ensure most effective and cost worldwide, imperiled status. Each valid genus
efficient marketing. was assigned to the lowest possible level in
The next step in order to position one‟s classification derived from the study, recent
business very effectively is to apply these two phylogenetic analyses. Based upon consensus of
concepts, namely Unique Selling Proposition or numerous regional works, global estimate of
USP and brand name USP is making the product freshwater mussel diversity is 840 species. The
unique and distinct from the other products found largest family is the Unionidae, with 674 species.
in the market. It also tells what specific niche you However, the classification of that taxon is
want to fill. currently influx, and many genera corresponding
Aquatic Resource Management to 225 species.
Framework. A subset of tasks, processes, tools Guo, et al.'s (2016) study identified the
and templates used in combination by the infectious diseases affecting marine Molluscs.
management team to get insight into the major The experimental research design was used in the
structural elements of the project in order to study. The exact transmission mechanisms are
initiate, plan, execute, control, monitor, and not well understood, human activities and
terminate the project activities throughout the associated environmental changes often correlate
management life-cycle. Project Management with increased disease prevalence. Although
framework allows using various methodologies people might be tempted to downplay the role of
and approaches to plan and schedule the major immunity in invertebrates, recent advances in
phases of the lifecycle. Regardless of the type, genomics have provided insights into host and
size and nature of project, a typical Project parasite genomes and revealed surprisingly
Management framework includes micro and sophisticated innate immune systems in
macro phases, templates and checklists, Molluscs. All major innate immune pathways are
processes and activities, roles and found in Molluscs with many immune receptors,
responsibilities, training material and work regulators and effectors expanded. The expanded
guidelines- all this information is organize and gene families provide great diversity and
systematized into a structure allowing managers complexity in innate immune response, which
and planners to control progress of their projects may be key to Molluscs defense against diverse
throughout the lifecycle. pathogens in the absence of adaptive immunity.
Assessment methods should be selected Jumawan, et al.'s (2015) study was
to produce the types of outputs needed for provided an analysis in the diversity and spatial
management purposes, and to utilize the structure of shoreline molluscs found in Padada,
available data to the maximum extent possible. Davao del Sur. The descriptive research design
The data available for hard-to-age species was employed in the study. The finding of study
typically include catch time-series often from a revealed that sampling was conducted along the
variety of “fleets”, and indices of relative coastline area by establishing a transect with
abundance, including those based on sampling of interval of at least 50 meter. The results
commercial catches and form fishery- identified a total of 31 species coming from class
independent sources. Gastropoda or 17 species and Bivalvia or 14
3.2 Research Literature species. Diversity indices and species importance
Graf, et al.'s (2018) study reviewed the values were determined. The data is the first
secondary literature and developing a attempt to provide baseline information on
comprehensive taxonomic data base. The mollusk diversity and community structure in the
descriptive research design was utilized in the study area.
study. The locale were the researches gathered Picardal, et al.'s (2014) study obtained a
information for data base are in the following baseline information on species richness of
places geographical regions such as Nearctica, gastropods and bivalves in two protected bays
Neotropica, Afrotropica, Palearctica, Indotropica, namely Turtle and Binunsalian in Puerto Princesa
and Australasia and one or more sub region. The City, Philippines before the establishment of the
findings of the study revealed that fresh water proposed mega resort facilities. The descriptive
mussels or the Bivalvia: Unionoida are research design was employed in the study. The
interesting because of their unique lifecycles, respondents of the study include two rare miters,
global aggregate distribution and ancient origin. seven recently described species and first record
They are also of practical importance due to their of Timocleaimbricata (Veneridae) in Palawan.
The findings of study revealed that a total of 108 response while the present study underscored the
species were recorded, around 19 bivalves and 89 threats that beset Molluscs farms.
gastropods. Threatened species were note Jumawan, et al.‟s study runs parallel
countered during the survey suggesting that both with present study owing to the fact that both
bays had been over fished. Turtle Bay had very dealt with the sampling conducted along the
low visibility; low coral cover substantial signs coastal areas. However, they differ because the
of ecosystem disturbances and shift from coral to previous study focused on diversity and spatial
algal communities. Although Binunsalian Bay structure of shoreline Molluscs found in Padala,
had clearer waters and relatively high coral Davao del Sur, while the present study centered
cover, associated fish and macro benthic on the diversity and spatial structure of shoreline
invertebrates were of low or no commercial Molluscs found in Calatagan, Batangas.
values. Upon the establishment and operations of Picardal, et al.‟s study is in congruence
their sort facilities, follow up species inventories with the present study in the sense that both dealt
and habitat assessment are suggested to evaluate with baseline information on species richness of
the importance of private resorts in biodiversity gastropods and bivalves. However, they differ
restoration. because the previous study focused not only on
3.4 Synthesis Molluscs but also relatively high coral cover,
With reference to the first construct, the associated fish and macro benthic invertebrates
insights of Parker et al., Bouchet, provided the where of low or no commercial values while the
necessary content as regards the definition and present study highlighted only the information
identification of Molluscs. The insights and about Molluscs.
discussion on Molluscs provided structural bases
for the first construct.
Relative to the second construct, which 4. MATERIALS AND METHODS
is centered on the municipal planning and
development office, the Tulane.edu Website The study employed the quantitative
Description, Description and other information method of research. For the quantitative research,
from selected websites afforded the researchers the study used the validated questionnaire as
necessary data to show coastal areas of data-gathering instrument. It also used
Calatagan, Batangas. registration method by referring to the authorized
The third construct made use of offices (Municipal Environmental and Natural
Iacobucci and Garcia insights on definition and Resources office) to gather suppelemental
techniques on study resulted from the information. For the Quantitative Data Analysis,
aforementioned advances on marketing the statistical treatment was used.
strategies.
Finally, with regard to the fourth and 5. RESULTS AND DISSCUSSION
final construct, McConnell and Punt ideas on
definition afforded insightful discussion/outline The Common Species of Molluscs
in understanding the meaning of these construct. that are Found in the Coastal areas of
Likewise, Malsocaus.org, insights on resource Calatagan, Batangas in terms of univalves.
assessment provided additional concepts in the Univalve are members of class Molluscs. In
discussion on management framework. Philippines it has approximately 22, 000 of
Graf, et al.‟s study is analogous with the molluscs species and 68 percent of it is
present study because both dealt with some univalves, including the marine, freshwater and
economically important Molluscs. However, they land snails they are called univalve because
differ because the previous study focused on they have one valve or shell. Some of this was
diversity of freshwater Molluscs while the used this as a food and sometimes their shells are
present study centered on the diversity of marine used as home decorations. Philippines were truly
water Molluscs. a paradise of molluscs because every year there
Guo, et al.‟s study is in consonance were a new species and new records of molluscs
with the present study because both dealt with identified.
the factor that affects Molluscs. However, they
differ because the previous study centered on
infectious disease of marine Molluscs and host
 Table1. Most Common Species of Univalve According to the respondents, the Turbo
Molluscs that are Found in Coastal Areas in petholatus, Conus muriculatus and Tegula
Calatagan, Batangas rogusa species are the commonly found univalve
molluscs in their coastal areas. The respondents
also commented that those species easily
reproduce and they also have good resistance to
diseases. Those species are restricted to the
extreme low water in the intertidal zones, where
it is located in the rocky substrata under stones
and on weeds. They are found at depths of up to
80 m in the subtidal on rock, muddy area similar
to the coastal areas of Calatagan, Batangas. This
finding is in consonance with Fretwell, et. al‟s
(2013) findings, which states that the red turban
snails are One of the larger, more striking marine
snails found in central coast of Australia. It has a
wide rounded base that tapers quickly to the
point, giving the shell wide cone shape. This
species is often found on rocky, exposed
shorelines. It lives in intertidal zone to 80 m
deep.
On the other hand, the species named
Haliotis diversicolor, Buccinum undatum and
Bolinus brandaris have been identified as the
least of the univalve molluscs populations in the
coastal areas. Some of the respondents said that
these species can only be seen in the deepest
areas and others was belong to over collection
cases because of their high market values. The
resistance to diseases of those species also not
that good so they easily die. The findings of this
study are consonance with Fishtech.com
Website, 2018 findings which state that this
specie lost in over and illegal harvesting.
Abalone is easily over harvested because of slow
growth and variable reproductive success. Initial
high harvests cannot be sustained. Some people
ignore the regulations enacted to protect abalone
because abalones bring high prices.
This table shows most common species of
bivalve molluscs that are found in coastal areas
in Calatagan, Batangas. According to the
respondents, the species named Pinctada maxima
and Tridac nagigas have been the dominant
bivalve species. This species are well-known as
filter feeder molluscs because they can easily
adapt to a polluted water. The specie population
grows well because these species reproduce well
and faster on warm water through broadcast
spawning.
On the contrary, this table also showed
This table shows most common species that Mytilus edulis and Argopectan irradians are
of univalve molluscs that are found in coastal the least dominant species. These species can be
areas of Calatagan, Batangas, Philippines. easily affected by red tide and are over-collected.
Mussels lost their population in coastal area of
Calatagan due to lack of clean water supply. This table shows most common species
Some coastal barangays do not give full attention of bivalve molluscs that are found in coastal
in the cleanliness of the water that causes the lost areas in Calatagan, Batangas. According to the
of the population of this specific species. respondents, the species named Pinctada maxima
The Common Species of Molluscs and Tridac nagigas have been the dominant
that are Found in the Coastal areas of bivalve species. This species are well-known as
Calatagan, Batangas in terms of bivalves. The filter feeder molluscs because they can easily
name bivalve refers to the two-part shell that adapt to a polluted water. The specie population
characterizes these molluscs species. Some grows well because these species reproduce well
bivalve molluscs are filter feeders. That gets food and faster on warm water through broadcast
through the currents of water that flow on them spawning.
and they caught them by the used of gill mucus. On the contrary, this table also showed
Some of them are hermaphroditic which mean that Mytilus edulis and Argopectan irradians are
have male and female sex organs and some of the least dominant species. These species can be
them have separate sex organ. easily affected by red tide and are over-collected.
Mussels lost their population in coastal area of
Table2. Most Common Species of Bivalve Calatagan due to lack of clean water supply.
Molluscs that are Found in Coastal Some coastal barangays do not give full attention
Communities in Calatagan, Batangas in the cleanliness of the water that causes the lost
of the population of this specific species.
The Identified Threats that Beset the
Molluscs Population in Terms of Human
Activities. Molluscs are probably the most
familiar invertebrate. Most of them are valued by
man, however people exploit, pollute, alter their
habitats, introduce species, and over-collect them
that affects their survival rate.
The Identified Threats that Beset the Molluscs
Population in terms of Human Activities

Items Frequency Rank

Over-Collection 130 1
Pollution 114 2
Exploitation 50 3
Habitat
49 4
Alternation
Introduce
0 5
Species
This table shows the identified threats
beset in the molluscs population in terms of
human activities. It can be gleaned from the said
table that the item on over-collection ranked first
and got the highest frequency of 130. This result
attributed to the respondents‟ perception that
aside from fishes, molluscs is the prime
commodity of the community.
On the other hand, it was also shown on
the said table that the item introduced species got
the lowest frequency. This result may be due to
the respondents‟ perception that there are species
found in the deep part of the ocean and in the
shallow water but they did not saw unfamiliar The Marketing Strategies that are Employed
species coming from the other country. by the Molluscs Gatherers in Terms of Types
The Identified Threats that Beset the of Middlemen
Molluscs Population in Terms of Natural
Phenomena. Natural phenomena are phenomena Items Frequency Rank
that are not artificial and cause by nature. The Retailer 53 1
threats that are affecting the abundance of Wholesaler 38 2
molluscs are weather, erosion, wave propagation, Broker 6 3
tidal flow and whirlpool. And the sustained
effective marine conservation can lead to the Table shows the marketing strategies
recovery of the species. that are employed by the molluscs gatherers in
The Identified Threats that Beset the Molluscs terms of types of middlemen. The marketing
Population in terms of Natural Phenomena strategies that are being used in the coastal areas
of Calatagan, Batangas by the gatherers and the
Items Frequency Rank residents or respondents are brokers, wholesalers
Weather 115 1 and retailers. It can be gleaned from the said
Erosion 81 2 table that the item on retailer ranked first and got
Wave 25 3 the highest frequency of 53. This result attributed
Propagation to the respondents‟ perception that retailer
Tidal Flow 12 4 provide access to the consumer who cannot
Whirlpool 9 5 purchase directly to the producer.
Table further shows that the item on
Table revealed the identified threats broker got the lowest frequency of 6. This result
beset in the molluscs population in terms of attributed to the respondents‟ belief that broker is
natural phenomena. It can be obtained from the less interested in small business and engaged to
said table majority of the respondents choose the market properties, aid in contract negotiations,
item weather as threats with frequency of 115. and functions various post-contract task to assist
This result attributed to the respondents‟ finalize or “close” transaction with the average
perception that the inconsistent of weather intention of maximizing gross sale proceeds for
reduced the increment of molluscs. sellers.
On the other hand, the table shows that The Marketing Strategies that are
few of them choose the item whirlpool as threats. Employed by the Molluscs Gatherers in
This result is attributed to the respondents‟ belief Terms of Marketing Channels. Marketing
that whirlpool cannot affect the population of this channels are the approaches that goods and
species. services are made accessible for use with the aid
The Marketing Strategies that are of the consumers. Marketers take more
Employed by the Molluscs Gatherers in responsibility for increasing sales revenues and
Terms of Types of Middlemen. Marketing tend to pass much of the responsibility for
approach is a long term, forward-looking strategy decreasing cost to the operational side of the
to planning with the critical goal of achieving a business.
sustainable aggressive advantage. Strategic The Marketing Strategies that are Employed
planning involves an evaluation the company‟s by the Molluscs Gatherers in Terms of
strategic preliminary scenario to the formulation, Marketing Channels
comparison and decision of market-oriented
aggressive position that contributes to the Items Frequency Rank
company‟s desires and advertising objectives. Others : 55 1
Producer to
retailer to 25 2
consumer
Producer to
24 3
consumer
Producer to
wholesaler to 8 4
consumer
 fish pond facilitators that are executing draining
Producer to and flooding of the waste material to the sea.
agent to These programs may include movement,
wholesaler to 3 5 seminar, training and extension service.
retailer to It also indicated that the first aspect of
consumer the program is the Information Dissemination
Movement with the theme of „‟ Proposed
Table shows the marketing strategies Management Framework: To scale up the
that are employed by the molluscs gatherers in production of molluscs”. The objectives of this
terms of marketing channels. It can be obtained movement are to disseminate the importance and
from the said table that majority of respondents advantages of molluscs species and to upgrade
choose the item others which is own benefits as the welfare of the local community. Based on the
marketing channel with frequency of 55. This findings, most of the gatherers molluscs are used
result attributed to the respondents‟ perception for food and relying to the sea for their survival.
that getting the items directly it may reduce The said activity will be conducted by the
spending of their money. persons with authority by giving brochures of the
On the other hand, the table shows that importance and advantages of molluscs species
the item wholesaler to retailer to consumer got to the gatherers of the local community.
the lowest rank as marketing channels. This The second aspect of the program is the
result is attributed to the respondents‟ belief that Seminar and Training focused on the Capability
the coastal areas in Calatagan Batangas that there Building Program: Control and Self-discipline
are few gatherers of the gathered molluscs does Program and Training on Proper Waste Disposal
not able to circulate in accordance to producer to of the Pond. The purpose of this seminar is to
agent to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. provide information that the draining and
flooding of waste material from the fish ponds
The Aquatic Resources Management affect the molluscs, to provide adequate and
Framework may be Proposed in Order to timely information towards good management of
Scale Up the Production Initiative for sea and to reduce the over-collection of molluscs
Molluscs? among the gatherers. As pointed out in the
The Gathering of molluscs is one of the findings of this study, the fishponds operators
substitute in the source of income that been lost execute the draining and flooding of their pond
due to improper disposal of waste, but there are direct to the sea and it affects the life living
still some issues that caused of loses on their organisms including the molluscs. Persons with
population like over-collection and pollution. authority will invite resource persons like aqua
The Aquatic Resources Management Framework culturists who can help them to improve the good
is a subset of tasks, processes, tools and management. The participants are the fishpond
templates used in combination by the owners, operators and people in the community.
management team to get insights into the major The last aspect is the Extension Service
structural elements of the project in order to which centers on the Aquaculture Extension
initiate, plan, execute, control, monitor, and Service. The main objective of this is to provide
terminate the project activities throughout the surveillance on expansions of molluscs farming
management life-cycle. The Researcher made and to apply all the proper procedures in
and action plan outlines on what, who, why, culturing molluscs. This extension service is
when, and how management framework will be proposed to help the molluscs farmers to improve
conducted and presented. their culture system and to scale up their
The proposed aquatic resources production. Extension workers and persons with
management framework in order to scale up the authority will provide inputs to operators about
production initiative for molluscs. Four aspects culturing management to the molluscs farmer.
may be considered and examined by people in The researchers proposed this program
authority in order to scale up the production of to help the molluscs gatherers to maintain the
aquatic resources. As revealed in the findings of main source of their income and food. This may
this study, there is a need to disseminate help them open up the minds of the fishpond
information to the molluscs gatherers about the owners who release the waste materials to the sea
production season of the molluscs. And to the which affect the molluscs living in the areas and
also the lives of the people who rely on the business so they can sell their gathered molluscs
resources coming from the sea as well as to in the market at the right price.
instill the value of self-discipline among the That the molluscs gatherers should take
molluscs gatherers in order to control themselves responsibilities to organize a group of gatherers
against the over-collection of molluscs. that will be responsible in taking care of the
population of this species.
6. CONCLUSIONS 8. REFERENCES
[1] Biodiversity.europa.eu “The biodiversity
From the findings of the study, the following information system of Europe” Europe, 2010
conclusions were drawn: [2] Bouchet “Encyclopedia of Texas Seashells:
Identification, Ecology, Distribution and History”
In terms of molluscs species found in
Texas, 2006
the coastal areas of Calatagan, Batangas, it was [3] D. L. Graf, K. S. Cummings “Review of the
revealed in the study that among the eight (8) systematics and global diversity of freshwater
species of univalve classification, the Turbans, mussel species (Bivalvia: Unionoida)” 2018
Cone shell and Tops are most commonly found [4] D. Iacabocci “Marketing Management at Cengage
species regard to the bivalve classification, it was Learning Asia Pte Ltd” 2017
found out that five (5) given species the oyster [5] Eric McConnell “Project Management
and giant clams are the most commonly found Framework: Definition and Basic Elements” 2010
species in the fifteen (15) coastal areas of [6] Indpaedia.com “Faunal Diversity in India” India,
2015
Calatagan, Batangas.
[7]Jumawan, J. H.; Tripoli, F. F. D.; Boquia, E. E.
According to the data gathered, over S.; Niez, K. L. M.; Veronilla, J. A. H.; Dellomes, S.
collection and weather are the identified threats A.; Udtie, R. M.; Seit, N. K.; Hasim, N. A.; Gatinao,
that beset the molluscs gatherers in terms of M. J. O. “Species diversity and spatial structure of
human impacts and natural phenomena. intertidal molluscs In Padada, Davao del
Based on the findings ,the marketing Sur,Philippines”2016
strategies employed in the municipality centered [8] L. R. Garcia Jr. “E-Marketing at Anvil Publishing
from the producer to the retailer to the consumer Incorporated” 2010
strategy. However, some of gatherers used their [9] Punt “Review of Integrated Size-Structured Models
for Stock Assessment of Hard-to-Age Crustacean and
collected molluscs for their own benefits as their
Mollusc Species” 2018
own foods for their family. [10] R. M. Picardal, R. G. Dolorosa “The molluscan
The Aquatic Resources Management fauna (gastropods and bivalves) and notes on
Framework was proposed to conserve the species environmental conditions of two adjoining protected
found in Calatagan, Batangas in order to scale up bays in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines”
the production initiative for molluscs gatherers. 2014
[11] S. A. Nelson “Coastal Zones by Tulane
University” 2013
7. Recommendations [12] X. Guo, S. E. Ford “Infectious Diseases of Marine
From the findings and conclusions of the study, Molluscs and Host Responses as Revealed by
the following recommendations were advanced: Genomic Tools” 2016
That the Municipal Environment and Acknowledgement
Resources Office of Calatagan should monitor
the improper release of waste from the nearby
The researchers would like to extend
pond into the marine waters which causes the
their sincerest thanks, appreciation and deepest
death of some molluscs. Also they should
gratitude to the following who generously
provide some seminars and trainings to improve
contributed in the making of this study. This
the knowledge of molluscs gatherers.
paper would not have been made possible
That the Municipal Environmental and
without their valued assistance and
Resources office of Calatagan should utilize the
encouragement.
Aquatic Resources Management Framework to
Dr. Tirso A. Ronquillo the University
conserve the species in order to scale up the
President; Dr. Erma B. Quinay, the vice president
production initiative of molluscs gatherers.
of academic affairs; Prof. Enrico M. Dalangin,
That the Municipality of Calatagan
the Campus Executive director; and Assoc. Prof.
should provide budgetary allocation for the
Josephine D. Vergara, the Dean of Colleges of
molluscs gatherers in order to start up their
the BatStateU-ARASOF Nasugbu, for their
motivation that helped hasten the completion of
this study.
Dr. Maria Luisa A. Valdez, College of
Arts and Sciences Associate Dean , for the
countless assistance, valuable and incomparable
support, encouragement and enduring effort in
checking the thesis manuscript;
Asst. Prof. Paulita R. Delos Reyes,
thesis adviser, for the encouragement, assistance
and suggestions to the researchers.
The panel Members of the Thesis
Committee namely: Mrs. Dairen P. De Luna,
MDC and Mr. Melecio Joseph B. Bo for their
constructive criticism and suggestions that drew
up the essential and relevant dimension of this
study;
To their family and friends, for their
continuous support both moral and financial
aspects and to their unfailing encouragement
which contributed a lot for the accomplishment
of this study;
And lastly, and most importantly, to the
Lord, for giving us strength, patience, and
determination to accomplish this study.